Sub-himalayan region is the home of many indigenious trees which has a greater impact in livelihood of the community, so people like to raise them in their backyard understanding their importance in day to day life

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2. Authors
Satarupa Modak1, P. K. Pal2, A. N. Dey3 and D. S. Gupta4
1, PG student, Agril. Extension. 2, Associate Professor. Agril. Extension
3, Associate Professor. Forestry. 4, Associate Professor. Agril. Statistics
Presented by
Satarupa Modak
Research Scholar, Agricultural Extension
Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya
Pundibari, Cooch Behar, WB
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Forestry in India is a significant rural industry and a major environmental resource.
India is one of the ten most forest-rich countries of the world
And, one of the 17 mega bio-diverse regions of the world.
The variety and distribution of forest vegetation is large i.e. around 600 species of hardwoods.
Indian forests types include tropical evergreens to mangrove forests. These forests support a variety of
ecosystems with diverse flora and fauna.
Introduction:

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India is a significant importer of forest products. Logs account for 67% of all wood and
wood products imported into India due to local preference for unprocessed wood.
Backyard forestry is a prehistoric method of securing food in tropical areas.
About 70% of timber, 90% of firewood, veneer logs, and almost 90% of bamboo
requirements are met from homestead forests. [Uddin et.al(2001)]

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Tree diversity: the variety of plant in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is
usually considered to be important and desirable.
Diversity concerns with uniqueness and recognize individual differences.
Backyard forestry:
 low maintenance sustainable plant-based food production
 Agro-forestry system based on woodland ecosystems
 Making use of companion planting, these can be intermixed to grow in a succession of layers, to
build a woodland habitat.
 Have intensive and multiple uses;
 Provide a safety net for households when money is scarce,
 Important sources of food, fodder, fuel, medicines, spices, herbs, flowers, construction materials
and,
 Also important for the in situ conservation of a wide range of unique genetic resources for food
and agriculture

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 A diversity index is a quantitative measure that reflects how many different types
(such as species) there are in a dataset, and simultaneously takes into account how
evenly the basic entities (such as individuals) are distributed among those types.
 Forest Cover: more than 1 hectare in area, with a tree canopy density of more than
10%. (Such lands may or may not be statutorily notified as forest area)
 Tree cover: Land with tree patches (blocks and linear) outside the recorded forest
area exclusive of forest cover and less than the minimum map able area of 1
hectare.
 In this study, we consider only forest trees grown in the homestead/backyard land
of the farm families.

7. • Rural societies often have certain cultural attitudes to trees, which can affect tree growing
schemes.
• Such attitudes may take many forms with certain species having a positive significance for
religious or harvest functions, while other trees may be subject to certain kind of taboos.
• Trees may be seen as dwelling places for friendly ghosts or evil spirits, or as heavens for crop
attracting birds or life threatening animals.
• Such beliefs may influence the behaviour of local people in regard to tree management in
agro-forestry systems.
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Preference Of Rural People For Tree
Diversity:

8. Maximizing inter- or intra-specific diversity of trees.
Potential use in agriculture and the pharmaceutical industry, or on ethical and aesthetic concerns.
Easy availability of non-timber forest products for local people.
Decreases the risks associated with forestation like, intolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, tree
mortality or stagnation
Non-flammable and tightly rooted trees can protect their neighbours in a forest fire or strong
wind.
A non-spreading disturbance such as drought, less clustered mortality pattern, anthropogenic
thinning,
More random is the pattern of dead trees and the less harmful the
disturbance will be
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Benefits Of Diversity

9. Risks related to uncertain values of timber and non timber forest
products are lower
Ratios of nutrients uptake vary between species as in monoculture
requires plenty of the particular element
Higher return on average than that of monocultures.
Intra -specific diversity could also increase productivity of tree stands
as some tree species cannot produce seeds due to self incompatibility,
Mixed plantations enable numerous silvi-cultural techniques
Seedling of many valuable tree species cannot survive in the open but
requires shelter trees to adjust microclimate and control weeds,
Increases the sustainability of rehabilitation.
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10. • To study the land allotment pattern for backyard forestry in sub-
Himalayan districts of West Bengal
• To study the tree preferences and its diversity in backyard
forestry in sub-Himalayan districts of West Bengal
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11. Study Area
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12. Selection of farms and collection of information
 The farm-head (family head) were interviewed with a structured schedule on
backyard forestry
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West Bengal
Undivided Jalpaiguri Cooch Behar
Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar
and Malbazar
Cooch Behar, Dinhata,
Tufanganj, Mathabhanga
and Mekhliganj
4-5 Forestry Practitioner Farms Randomly Selected
52 Villages
Were Selected

13. Measurement and analysis:
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 There are many methods for measurement of diversity. But the
present study is associated with tree diversity and trees can easily be
counted in the farm.
So, the present study represented diversity with the
number of various types of trees found in a farm and frequency of
each types.
 Statistical tools: Frequency distribution, rank order correlation and
t-test were used for comparison and inference.

14. 1.Total Land Holding (ac)
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Sl.
No.
Land
Classification
Cooch Behar Undivided Jalpaiguri Statistical
InferenceFrequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
1. Up to 0.17ac 2 02.38 3 01.68
t-test value
between two
districts
2.79**
2. >0.17ac to 1ac 20 23.81 26 33.33
3. >1ac to 4ac 30 35.71 114 64.04
4. >4ac to 10ac 26 30.95 29 16.29
5. >10ac 6 07.14 6 03.37
Total 84 100 178 100
Mean holding 4.20ac 3.04ac
n=262

15. 2.Homestead Land (ac)
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Sl.
No
Land
Classification
Cooch Behar Undivided Jalpaiguri
Statistical
Inference
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
t-test value
between two
districts
0.883NS
1. Upto 0.17ac 71 84.52 144 80.89
2. >0.17ac to 1ac 13 15.47 34 19.10
3. >1ac 00 00 00 00
Total 84 100 178 100
Mean holding 0.51ac 0.47ac
n=262

16. 3.Forestry Land (ac)
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Sl.
No.
Land
Classification
Cooch Behar Undiv. Jalpaiguri Statistical
InferenceFrequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
1 No allotment 43 51.19 126 70.78
t-test value
between two
districts
0.277NS
2 Upto 0.17ac 17 20.23 28 15.73
3 >0.17ac to 1ac 22 26.19 20 11.23
4 >1ac 02 2.38 04 2.24
Total 84 100 178 100
Mean holding 0.18ac 0.16ac
n=262

17. 4.Tree concentration in farms
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Sl.
No.
Name of the tree
(Sc. Name)
Local
Name
Cooch Behar
Undivided
Jalpaiguri
Statistical
Inference
Average Rank Average Rank
Rank order
correlation
(ρ-value)
between
two
districts
0.919**
1. Bombax ceiba Simul 1.64 V 2.41 V
2. Gmelina arborea Gamar 3.94 I 3.78 II
3. Anthocephalus cadamba Kadamba 2.35 III 2.14 VI
4. Tectona grandis Segun 0.82 VII 0.20 VII
5. Sygigium cuminii Jaam 0.87 VI 3.59 III
6. Melia azedarach Ghoraneem 3.57 II 3.90 I
7. Misc. Species(Dalbergia
sissoo, Azadirachta
indica etc)
Others 2.11 IV 2.53 IV
Mean tree no./farm 15.3 18.55
n=262

18. 5.Tree Diversity Found
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Sl.
No.
Type of trees
found
Cooch Behar Undivided Jalpaiguri
Statistical
Inference
Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
t-test value
between two
districts
4.23**
1. Only 1 type 17 20.23 86 48.31
2. 2 types 20 23.80 38 21.34
3. 3 types 34 40.47 35 19.66
4. 4 types 10 11.90 13 7.30
5. 5 and more types 03 3.57 06 3.37
Total 84 100 178 100
Mean number 2.40 1.61
n=262

19. Conclusion
Less than two fifth (35.71%) and more than three fifth (64.04%) of farm families of Cooch
Behar and Jalpaiguri possess more than 1 acre to 4 acre total land holding.
Nearly same 84.52 and 80.89% of farm families of Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri had only Up
to 0.17acre of homestead land holding.
Slightly less than half (48.81%) and more than one fourth (29.22%) of farm families of
Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri had allotted land for forestry specifically.
Mostly farm families of this sampling sub-himalayan region were preferred to grow Simul,
Gamar, Kadamba, Segun, Jaam, Ghoraneem and some miscellaneous tree species in their
backyard.
And, among all these tree species observed, Gamar in Cooch Behar and Ghora neem in
Jalpaiguri ranked 1
st
in respect of preference for growing.
Farm families were found to plant only one to 5 or more types of trees in backyard forestry.
Although in Cooch Behar, maximum farms (40.47%) grow 3 types of forest trees whereas in
Jalpaiguri maximum farmers (48.31%) grow only one type.
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20. Recommendation:
• As, India is a significant importer of forest products, so there is a vast
market of forest wood.
• Need to make more availability for large number of productive
sawmills.
• More attention should be given by policy makers, line departments,
agricultural universities for creating awareness, conducting training,
providing leaflets, campaign and encouraging local people to plant
forest trees in their backyard or homestead land.
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21. • M. S.Uddin, M. J. Rahman, and M. A.Mannan, “Plant biodiversity in the homesteads of saline
area of Southern Bangladesh,” in Proceedings of National Workshop on Agroforestry
Research Development of Agroforestry Research in Bangladesh, M. F. Haq, M.K.Hasan,
S.M.Asaduzzaman, andM. Y. Ali, Eds.,pp. 45–54, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 2001.
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Thank
you…