This document outlines a presentation on improving the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors using transition metal oxides with hollow nanostructures. It begins with an introduction to the need for renewable energy storage and an overview of supercapacitor classification, components, and materials. The document then discusses the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical analysis of manganese oxide (Mn3O4) samples with solid, porous, and hollow nanostructures. Testing showed the hollow Mn3O4 structure exhibited the highest specific capacitance and capacitance retention over cycles, demonstrating hollow nanostructures can enhance electrochemical properties for supercapacitors without additional processing steps. The document concludes hollow nanostructures have great potential to improve cost and performance of energy storage devices.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Microstructural and Dielectric Characterization of Sr doped Ba(Fe0.5Ta0.5)O3 ...theijes
Solid state reaction method was used to synthesize Ba1-xSrx(Fe0.5Ta0.5)O3 ceramic(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5). The raw materials of making Sr doped Ba(Fe0.5Ta0.5)O3 were BaCO3, SrCO3, Fe2O3, Ta2O5 (purity better than 99%). Pellet and ring shaped samples prepared from each composition were sintered at 1400 and 1450ºC for 5 hour. The phase formation of Ba1-xSrx(Fe0.5Ta0.5)O3 was checked using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and observed a cubic perovskite crystal structure in space group Pm3m (221). Microstructure of the individual compound was examined by the field emission scanning electron micrograph (FESEM). Grain size was found to be varied with Sr content. The lattice parameter decreased with increasing Sr content. Dielectric spectroscopy was applied to investigate the electrical properties of BSFT at room temperature and in a frequency range of 100Hz–100 MHz. An analysis of the dielectric constant εʹ and loss tangent tan with frequency was performed assuming a distribution of relaxation times. The low frequency dielectric dispersion corresponds to the DC electrical conductivity.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...albertdivis
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Microstructural and Dielectric Characterization of Sr doped Ba(Fe0.5Ta0.5)O3 ...theijes
Solid state reaction method was used to synthesize Ba1-xSrx(Fe0.5Ta0.5)O3 ceramic(x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5). The raw materials of making Sr doped Ba(Fe0.5Ta0.5)O3 were BaCO3, SrCO3, Fe2O3, Ta2O5 (purity better than 99%). Pellet and ring shaped samples prepared from each composition were sintered at 1400 and 1450ºC for 5 hour. The phase formation of Ba1-xSrx(Fe0.5Ta0.5)O3 was checked using X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and observed a cubic perovskite crystal structure in space group Pm3m (221). Microstructure of the individual compound was examined by the field emission scanning electron micrograph (FESEM). Grain size was found to be varied with Sr content. The lattice parameter decreased with increasing Sr content. Dielectric spectroscopy was applied to investigate the electrical properties of BSFT at room temperature and in a frequency range of 100Hz–100 MHz. An analysis of the dielectric constant εʹ and loss tangent tan with frequency was performed assuming a distribution of relaxation times. The low frequency dielectric dispersion corresponds to the DC electrical conductivity.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...albertdivis
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
Study of Microstructural, Electrical and Dielectric Properties of La0.9Pb0.1M...Scientific Review SR
The present work studies the microstructural and electrical properties of La0.9Pb0.1MnO3 and La0.8Y0.1Pb0.1MnO3 ceramics synthesized by solid-state route method. Microstructure and elemental analysis of both samples were carried out by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) method, respectively. Phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated formation of single phase distorted structure. The XRD data were further analyzed by Rietveld refinement technique. Raman analysis reveals that Y atom substitutes La site into the LPMO with shifting of phonon modes. The temperature variation of resistivity of undoped and Y-doped La0.9Pb0.1MnO3 samples have been investigated. The electrical resistivity as a function of temperature showed that all samples undergo an metal-insulator (M-I) transition having a peak at transition temperature TMI. Y-doping increases the resistivity and the metal-insulator transition temperature (TMI) shifts to lower temperature. The temperature-dependent resistivity for temperatures less than metal-insulator transition is explained in terms the quadratic temperature dependence and for T > TMI, thermally activated conduction (TAC) is appropriate. Variation of frequency dispersion in permittivity and loss pattern due to La-site substitution in LPMO was observed in the dielectric response curve.
Crystal Structure, Topological and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of a Zn(II) Zwi...Awad Albalwi
Abstract: A mononuclear Zn(II) complex of (Zn(H2L) (CH3OH) Cl2
) (1) has been synthesized by using
a nonlinear optically active Zwitterionic Schiff base which is 4-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)
amino) benzoic acid (H2L). Complex 1 has been structurally analyzed by FTIR and UV spectroscopy,
TGA, Powder-XRD and single crystal X-ray diffraction. X-Ray crystallographic studies revealed Zn(II)
complex crystallizes in a P21/c space group and exists in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry
(τ = 0.68).
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Synthesis and charaterization of la1 x srxmno3 perovskite nanoparticlesMai Trần
In recent times perovskite materials are extensively studied and have attracted much attention because they exhibit interesting the properties, showing potential applications in commercial, technical and biomedical. In Vietnam, perovskite materials be of interest research and applications are strong but with major research direction is to go deep into the electrical properties and the magnetic properties. The Lanthanum Strontium manganite is a perovskite-based crystal-structured ceramic material with the formula of La1-xSrxMnO3, where x describes the doping ratio. It has attracted much attention due to its good magnetic, electrical, and catalytic properties and is becoming an attractive possibility material in several biomedical applications, particularly with nano-size. In industry, this material is commonly used in as a cathode material in commercially produced solid oxide fuel cells. In this thesis, we present the Perovskite nanoparticles La1-xSrxMnO3 were successfully synthesized of the nanosize La1-xSrxMnO3 at x = 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4 which prepared by a modified sol-gel method. Structure and magnetic properties of them were systematically investigated in dependence on doped Sr ratio x. The structure was investigated by XRD and show slightly changed but magnetic properties varied strongly with changing the doping ratio x. Magnetic properties of samples were studied by Vibrating Sample Mode of Physical Properties Measurement System show at the room temperature, the samples show superparamagnetic properties with high saturated magnetization MS of 57 emu/g which strongly dependents on the doped Sr ratio x.
Synthesis and Study on Structural, Morphological and Magnetic properties of n...Editor IJCATR
Mn3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method followed by annealing of samples at 300 °C for 2 hours. The
samples were characterized to find the structural, functional, optical, morphological, compositional and magnetic properties by PXRD,
FTIR, Micro-Raman, HRSEM, TEM, XPS, EDX and VSM respectively. Structural studies by PXRD indicate that the annealing has
strongly influenced the phase transition showing two coexisting phases of Mn2O3 and Mn3O4. Micro-Raman spectra showed the
presence of A1g mode of vibration corresponding to Mn3O4 phase. Magnetic studies of the as synthesized Mn3O4 nanoparticles depict
paramagnetic behavior at room temperature.
A study of micro structural, magnetic and electrical properties of La-Co-Sm n...IJECEIAES
A Lanthanum (La 3+ ) doped Samarium-Cobalt nanoferrites (La_x,Co_0.2,Sm_0.2,Fe_(2-x) O_4, where x=0.0,0.5,1.0) have been synthesized by sol-gel method in citrate media. Obtained spinal ferrites micro structure properties have been investigated by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and TEM-SAED techniques. All the samples are nano in size with significant hysteresis. Micro structural analysis by XRD confirms the obtained samples showing the single phase cubic spinal structures with an average crystal size found from 12 nm to 25 nm, while the average particles sizes identified from TEM analysis are ranging from 21.5nm-26.8 nm (~23.4nm) and from 20.5 nm to 28(~26.4nm) nm for x=0.5,1.0. The lattice parameter found to be a= 8.402, 8.423, 8.467Å for the respective values of x= 0.0, 0.05, and 1.0. Electrical properties show increase in dc resistivity with increase in La ion concentration. Finally, it was concluded that the doping of Lanthanum ion (La 3+ ) in the ferrites structure is found to influencing the structural and electrical properties without scarifying the ferromagnetic character.
Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrolusite, β-MnO2, Nano Crystal wit...Editor IJCATR
MnO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by a simple combustion method using MnSO4.4H2O. The crystalline phase, morphology, optical property and magnetic property of the as prepared nanoparticle were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FT-Raman, SEM, UV-Vis, PL and VSM respectively. Structural studies by XRD indicate that the synthesized material as tetragonal rutile crystal structure. FT-IR and FT-Raman analysis revealed the stretching vibrations of metal ions in tetrahedral co-ordination confirming the crystal structure. The PL and UV analysis having an emission band at 390 nm, showed a prominent blue peak at 453 nm as well as a green emission lines at 553 nm with band gap energy of 3.2eV. Magnetic measurements indicate that the Néel temperature of the β-MnO2 structures is 92.5K for Hc = 100 Oe which showed antiferromagnetic behaviour.
Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrolusite, β- MnO2, Nano Crystal wi...Editor IJCATR
MnO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by a simple combustion method using MnSO4.4H2O. The crystalline phase,
morphology, optical property and magnetic property of the as prepared nanoparticle were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FTRaman,
SEM, UV-Vis, PL and VSM respectively. Structural studies by XRD indicate that the synthesized material as tetragonal rutile
crystal structure. FT-IR and FT-Raman analysis revealed the stretching vibrations of metal ions in tetrahedral co-ordination confirming
the crystal structure. The PL and UV analysis having an emission band at 390 nm, showed a prominent blue peak at 453 nm as well as
a green emission lines at 553 nm with band gap energy of 3.2eV. Magnetic measurements indicate that the Néel temperature of the β-
MnO2 structures is 92.5K for Hc = 100 Oe which showed antiferromagnetic behaviour
Effect of calcination on the electrical properties and quantum confinement of...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of calcination on the electrical properties and quantum confinement of...eSAT Journals
Abstract Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been prepared by a simple solvothermal method using a domestic microwave oven. X-ray powder diffraction measurement indicates the amorphous nature of the as-prepared sample. Calcined samples were obtained by annealing the as-prepared sample at different temperatures, viz. 400, 500, 600 and 700oC. Transmission electron microscopic images indicate that all the five samples are spherical in shape. AC electrical measurements were carried out on pelletized samples by the parallel plate capacitor method at various temperatures ranging from 40-130oC and frequencies ranging from 100 Hz -1 MHz. Results indicate low AC electrical conductivities and consequently show the occurrence of nano confined states. The exciton Bohr radii obtained from the dielectric constant values at 40oC temperature and 1 kHz frequency are 41.8, 54.8, 55.3, 56.3 and 27.0 respectively for the as-prepared sample and samples calcined at 400, 500, 600 and 700oC which indicate a strong quantum confinement effect. The impedance spectra observed exhibit non-ideal behavior. Keywords: Semiconductors, Magnetic materials, Nanoparticles, Electrical properties
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural Character...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
. Present study investigates impact of Biofield treatment on physical and atomic properties of Mn3O4. X-ray diffraction revealed the significant effect of biofield on lattice parameter, unit cell volume, molecular weight, crystallite sizes and densities of treated Mn3O4.
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural Character...albertdivis
In Mn3O4, the crystal structure, dislocation density, particle size and spin of the electrons plays crucial role in modulating its magnetic properties. Present study investigates impact of Biofield treatment on physical and atomic properties of Mn3O4.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Studies of the Atomic and Crystalline Characteristics of Ceramic Oxide Nano P...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
In the present study, some transition metal oxides (Zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper oxide) which are widely used in the fabrication of electronic devices were selected and subjected to biofield treatment.
Study of Microstructural, Electrical and Dielectric Properties of La0.9Pb0.1M...Scientific Review SR
The present work studies the microstructural and electrical properties of La0.9Pb0.1MnO3 and La0.8Y0.1Pb0.1MnO3 ceramics synthesized by solid-state route method. Microstructure and elemental analysis of both samples were carried out by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) method, respectively. Phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated formation of single phase distorted structure. The XRD data were further analyzed by Rietveld refinement technique. Raman analysis reveals that Y atom substitutes La site into the LPMO with shifting of phonon modes. The temperature variation of resistivity of undoped and Y-doped La0.9Pb0.1MnO3 samples have been investigated. The electrical resistivity as a function of temperature showed that all samples undergo an metal-insulator (M-I) transition having a peak at transition temperature TMI. Y-doping increases the resistivity and the metal-insulator transition temperature (TMI) shifts to lower temperature. The temperature-dependent resistivity for temperatures less than metal-insulator transition is explained in terms the quadratic temperature dependence and for T > TMI, thermally activated conduction (TAC) is appropriate. Variation of frequency dispersion in permittivity and loss pattern due to La-site substitution in LPMO was observed in the dielectric response curve.
Crystal Structure, Topological and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis of a Zn(II) Zwi...Awad Albalwi
Abstract: A mononuclear Zn(II) complex of (Zn(H2L) (CH3OH) Cl2
) (1) has been synthesized by using
a nonlinear optically active Zwitterionic Schiff base which is 4-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)
amino) benzoic acid (H2L). Complex 1 has been structurally analyzed by FTIR and UV spectroscopy,
TGA, Powder-XRD and single crystal X-ray diffraction. X-Ray crystallographic studies revealed Zn(II)
complex crystallizes in a P21/c space group and exists in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry
(τ = 0.68).
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Synthesis and charaterization of la1 x srxmno3 perovskite nanoparticlesMai Trần
In recent times perovskite materials are extensively studied and have attracted much attention because they exhibit interesting the properties, showing potential applications in commercial, technical and biomedical. In Vietnam, perovskite materials be of interest research and applications are strong but with major research direction is to go deep into the electrical properties and the magnetic properties. The Lanthanum Strontium manganite is a perovskite-based crystal-structured ceramic material with the formula of La1-xSrxMnO3, where x describes the doping ratio. It has attracted much attention due to its good magnetic, electrical, and catalytic properties and is becoming an attractive possibility material in several biomedical applications, particularly with nano-size. In industry, this material is commonly used in as a cathode material in commercially produced solid oxide fuel cells. In this thesis, we present the Perovskite nanoparticles La1-xSrxMnO3 were successfully synthesized of the nanosize La1-xSrxMnO3 at x = 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4 which prepared by a modified sol-gel method. Structure and magnetic properties of them were systematically investigated in dependence on doped Sr ratio x. The structure was investigated by XRD and show slightly changed but magnetic properties varied strongly with changing the doping ratio x. Magnetic properties of samples were studied by Vibrating Sample Mode of Physical Properties Measurement System show at the room temperature, the samples show superparamagnetic properties with high saturated magnetization MS of 57 emu/g which strongly dependents on the doped Sr ratio x.
Synthesis and Study on Structural, Morphological and Magnetic properties of n...Editor IJCATR
Mn3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by co-precipitation method followed by annealing of samples at 300 °C for 2 hours. The
samples were characterized to find the structural, functional, optical, morphological, compositional and magnetic properties by PXRD,
FTIR, Micro-Raman, HRSEM, TEM, XPS, EDX and VSM respectively. Structural studies by PXRD indicate that the annealing has
strongly influenced the phase transition showing two coexisting phases of Mn2O3 and Mn3O4. Micro-Raman spectra showed the
presence of A1g mode of vibration corresponding to Mn3O4 phase. Magnetic studies of the as synthesized Mn3O4 nanoparticles depict
paramagnetic behavior at room temperature.
A study of micro structural, magnetic and electrical properties of La-Co-Sm n...IJECEIAES
A Lanthanum (La 3+ ) doped Samarium-Cobalt nanoferrites (La_x,Co_0.2,Sm_0.2,Fe_(2-x) O_4, where x=0.0,0.5,1.0) have been synthesized by sol-gel method in citrate media. Obtained spinal ferrites micro structure properties have been investigated by XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, and TEM-SAED techniques. All the samples are nano in size with significant hysteresis. Micro structural analysis by XRD confirms the obtained samples showing the single phase cubic spinal structures with an average crystal size found from 12 nm to 25 nm, while the average particles sizes identified from TEM analysis are ranging from 21.5nm-26.8 nm (~23.4nm) and from 20.5 nm to 28(~26.4nm) nm for x=0.5,1.0. The lattice parameter found to be a= 8.402, 8.423, 8.467Å for the respective values of x= 0.0, 0.05, and 1.0. Electrical properties show increase in dc resistivity with increase in La ion concentration. Finally, it was concluded that the doping of Lanthanum ion (La 3+ ) in the ferrites structure is found to influencing the structural and electrical properties without scarifying the ferromagnetic character.
Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrolusite, β-MnO2, Nano Crystal wit...Editor IJCATR
MnO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by a simple combustion method using MnSO4.4H2O. The crystalline phase, morphology, optical property and magnetic property of the as prepared nanoparticle were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FT-Raman, SEM, UV-Vis, PL and VSM respectively. Structural studies by XRD indicate that the synthesized material as tetragonal rutile crystal structure. FT-IR and FT-Raman analysis revealed the stretching vibrations of metal ions in tetrahedral co-ordination confirming the crystal structure. The PL and UV analysis having an emission band at 390 nm, showed a prominent blue peak at 453 nm as well as a green emission lines at 553 nm with band gap energy of 3.2eV. Magnetic measurements indicate that the Néel temperature of the β-MnO2 structures is 92.5K for Hc = 100 Oe which showed antiferromagnetic behaviour.
Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrolusite, β- MnO2, Nano Crystal wi...Editor IJCATR
MnO2 nanoparticles have been synthesized by a simple combustion method using MnSO4.4H2O. The crystalline phase,
morphology, optical property and magnetic property of the as prepared nanoparticle were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FTRaman,
SEM, UV-Vis, PL and VSM respectively. Structural studies by XRD indicate that the synthesized material as tetragonal rutile
crystal structure. FT-IR and FT-Raman analysis revealed the stretching vibrations of metal ions in tetrahedral co-ordination confirming
the crystal structure. The PL and UV analysis having an emission band at 390 nm, showed a prominent blue peak at 453 nm as well as
a green emission lines at 553 nm with band gap energy of 3.2eV. Magnetic measurements indicate that the Néel temperature of the β-
MnO2 structures is 92.5K for Hc = 100 Oe which showed antiferromagnetic behaviour
Effect of calcination on the electrical properties and quantum confinement of...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of calcination on the electrical properties and quantum confinement of...eSAT Journals
Abstract Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been prepared by a simple solvothermal method using a domestic microwave oven. X-ray powder diffraction measurement indicates the amorphous nature of the as-prepared sample. Calcined samples were obtained by annealing the as-prepared sample at different temperatures, viz. 400, 500, 600 and 700oC. Transmission electron microscopic images indicate that all the five samples are spherical in shape. AC electrical measurements were carried out on pelletized samples by the parallel plate capacitor method at various temperatures ranging from 40-130oC and frequencies ranging from 100 Hz -1 MHz. Results indicate low AC electrical conductivities and consequently show the occurrence of nano confined states. The exciton Bohr radii obtained from the dielectric constant values at 40oC temperature and 1 kHz frequency are 41.8, 54.8, 55.3, 56.3 and 27.0 respectively for the as-prepared sample and samples calcined at 400, 500, 600 and 700oC which indicate a strong quantum confinement effect. The impedance spectra observed exhibit non-ideal behavior. Keywords: Semiconductors, Magnetic materials, Nanoparticles, Electrical properties
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural Character...Mahendra Kumar Trivedi
. Present study investigates impact of Biofield treatment on physical and atomic properties of Mn3O4. X-ray diffraction revealed the significant effect of biofield on lattice parameter, unit cell volume, molecular weight, crystallite sizes and densities of treated Mn3O4.
Evaluation of Biofield Treatment on Physical, Atomic and Structural Character...albertdivis
In Mn3O4, the crystal structure, dislocation density, particle size and spin of the electrons plays crucial role in modulating its magnetic properties. Present study investigates impact of Biofield treatment on physical and atomic properties of Mn3O4.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Transition from solid to hollow nanostructures- a novel strategy for improved electrochemical performance in supercapacitors
1. Transition from solid to hollow nanostructures- a novel strategy for
improved electrochemical performance in supercapacitors
Presented
By
Sushanta Lenka
Roll No : 16PH62R23
Under the supervision of
Prof. Amreesh Chandra
Department of Physics
Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur
Kharagpur- 721302
West Bengal, India
May 2018
2. Outlines
• Introductions
• Classification of supercapacitor
• Internal configuration of supercapacitor
• Importance of Mn3O4 electrode materials
• Material Synthesis
• Structural and Morphological Analysis
• Electrochemical Analysis
• Conclusion and Suggestions for future works
• Reference
3. Introduction
Fig.1 (Ref.8)
The utilization of fossil fuel are generating sever issues for
environmental polution and global warming.
Until now, petroleum based fossil fuel has been largely used for
the power needs of the society.
Scientist have turn their way from fossil fuel to intermittent
renewable sources (solar, wind).
When the question of energy generation gets an answer, then the
other question starts evolving how we can store the generated
energy.
Amongst the electrochemical energy storage devices,
Supercapacitors (SCs) are at the forefront with their distinctive
merits of rapid charging-discharging process, long lifespan,
superior durability, high specific power with low maintenance
Gaps exist in both battery and supercapacitor technologies, with
neither one satisfying the need for both large power and energy
densities in a single device.
4. Classification of Supercapacitor
Electrolyte : Na2SO4, Li2SO4, NaOH, KOH,
NaCl etc.
Separator : Polymer polypyrolene,
polypropylene and other conducting
polymer etc
Electrode : Activated carbon, Metal
oxides, Conducting polymer etc.
Fig.2
Fig.3
Fig.4
Fig.2 shows classification of supercapacitor (Ref.4) , Fig.3 shows basic structure of
EDLC,Ref.5) , Fig.4 shows internal structure of supercapacitor (Ref.6).
5. Fig.6: Schematic diagram of the charged and discharged
electric double layer capacitor (Ref. J. Mater. Chem. A,
2014, 2, 4852).
Fig.5 Schematic internal configuration of
supercapacitor (Ref.2)
Ch=
Cd=
Where
= The Helmholtz layer capacitance
diffuse layer capacitance
δ = debye length
d = the thickness of the stern layer
€r = the dielectric constant of the solvent
€o = the permittivity of free space
K = Boltzmann constant
T = the temperature of the electrolyte solution,
Z = ionic charge
e = electronic charge
N = bulk concentration of ionic species.
Ch
Cd=
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Internal configuration of Supercapacitor
δ= ∈𝒓∈𝒐 𝑲𝑻
𝟐 𝒁𝒆 𝟐𝑵
6. Importance of Mn3O4
Environmental compatibility.
Lot of progresses in the development of supercapacitor as reported many research papers
but low energy density and high production cost major challenges.
Mn3O4 transition metal oxide abundant in nature.
Mainly to replace toxic and high cost RuO2 and IrO2.
High theoretical capacity .
Good structural and chemical stability.
Mn3O4 is a unique mixed-valence oxide that adopts a tetragonal distorted spinel structure.
These materials have high scientific and technological interest due to their structural and
magnetic properties, which allow the development of theoretical and experimental
investigations.
7. Material Synthesis (Mn3O4)
Hexa-decyltrimethyl-ammonium
bromide +N-N-dimethyl formamide
Mixed with manganese acetate
solution and stir it 8 hrs at room
temperature
Centrifuge at 3000 RPM for 10
mints
Washed with distil water (3 times)
and ethanol (2 times)
Sample collected and calcined at
3000C
Dried at 800C for 8 hrs
Lubrizol (surfectant)+ Toloune (1 :
99 by wt )
Manganese acetate + above
solution (1:4 by molar)
Sonicate for 3 mints
Stir it over night at room
temperature
Centrifuge then dried it over night
Washed with distil water and
methanol (3 times)
Manganese chloride hexahydrate +
Sodium hydroxide solution
Mixed with CTAB and stir it 12 hrs
at room temperature
Centrifuge at 3000 RPM for 10
mints
Washed with distil water (3 times)
and ethanol (2 times)
Sample collected and calcined at
3000C
Dried at 800C for 12 hrs
Precipitate
method
(Solid Mn3O4)
Hydrothermal
method
(Porous Mn3O4)
Mini-emulsion
method
(Hollow Mn3O4)
8. Structure of Mn3O4
General formulation AB2X4 (X anions Oxygen, A and B cations occupying some
of the octahedral and tetrahedral sites in the lattice)
Mn3O4 exist as Mn.Mn2O4, therefore Mn has two (+2 and +3) oxidation states.
A spinel unit-cell is made up of eight FCC cells made by oxygen ions in the configuration.
Fig.7
Fig.7 represents normal spinel structure of Mn3O4 transition metal oxide
9. Structural and morphological Analysis
(a)
(c)
(b)
XRD analysis
Fig.8
All the samples shown crystalline
peaks of Mn3O4 phases.
The average mono-crystallite size
was calculated from the XRD line
width using the Scherer formula.
𝒅 =
𝟎.𝟗𝝀
𝜷𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
Where λ is the X ray wavelength,
β is the width at half-height of the
main diffraction peaks and θ is the
diffraction angle.
The peaks were matched and
indexed using JCPDS card no. 18-
0803
(Fig.8 represents XRD pattern of Mn3O4 transition metal oxide, (a) for solid, (b) for porous and (c) for hollow structure)
10. Structural and morphological Analysis
(c)
(b)
(a)
FTIR analysis
Fig.9
For further confirmation of the materials’
phase FTIR spectra were recorded for the
synthesized materials.
To determine the information regarding
the chemical bonds in the synthesized
materials, the samples were characterized
by FTIR within the wavelength range
400-4000 cm-1 (see Fig. 5).
The adsorption at 3412 cm-1 indicates the
presence of hydroxide group.
The absorption peak around at 1623 and
1400 cm-1 may be attributed to O-H
bending vibrations with Mn atoms. The
two broad absorption bands at 609 and
511 cm-1 are associated with coupling
mode between Mn-O stretching modes of
tetrahedral and octahedral sites.
(Fig.9 represents FTIR pattern of Mn3O4 transition metal oxide, (a) for
solid, (b) for porous and (c) for hollow structure)
11. Structural and morphological Analysis
BET surface area analysis
Fig.10
The specific surface area of the
synthesized Mn3O4 solid, porous and
hollow nanostructures were further
investigated by N2 adsorption-desorption
measurements.
The BET surface areas of the solid,
porous and hollow Mn3O4 samples are
measured to be 24.8 m2 g−1, 34 m2g-1 and
48 m2g-1 respectively.
The specific surface area can provide
more electroactive sites for faradic
reactions, which contributes to the
enhancement of specific capacitance.
We found the surface area is more in
porous structure, still it has low
capacitance value because the surface
sites of the porous metal oxide may not
be electrochemical active.
(a) (b)
(c)
(Fig.10 represents BET pattern of Mn3O4 transition metal oxide, (a) for solid,
(b) for porous and (c) for hollow structure)
12. Structural and morphological Analysis
(b)
(a)
(c)
(e)
(d)
(f)
SEM analysis
Fig.11
(Fig.11 represents SEM image of Mn3O4 transition metal oxide, (a) & (b) for solid
(c) & (d) for porous ,(e) & (f) for hollow structure at different magnifications)
In general, the morphological features are very
important to renovate the electrochemical
performance of the material.
It can be seen from Fig. 11(a-f) that most of the
Mn3O4 consist of spherical particles with nearly
uniform morphology, and roughly have a diameter
of 20-40 nm for solid, 50-100 nm for porous and
~100-200 nm for hollow structures.
At higher magnifications, these microspheres with
hollow structures are composed of many petals
with an average thickness of less than 50 nm.
it can be concluded that the micro/nano-structured
Mn3O4 microspheres are self-assembled by
nanoparticles. For better morphology, further
calcinations can be done.
13. Structural and morphological Analysis
(a) (b)
(d)
(c)
(e) (f)
TEM analysis
Fig.12
It is visible from Fig. 12 (a-f) shows that the TEM
images are in accordance with the SEM images.
Solid structures are distinctly visible with solid core
and no apparent variation in size of the particles was
observed.
In fig. 12 (e,f), hollow nanostructures are clearly
visible and are composed of small nanoparticles
assembled around the soft template.
When the template was removed, hollow cavity was
created, which is visible in the TEM images. All the
characterizations thus proved that the materials were
successfully synthesized in terms of structure, phase
morphology and surface area.
(Fig.12 represents SEM image of Mn3O4 transition metal oxide, (a) & (b) for solid (c) & (d) for porous ,(e) & (f) for hollow structure
at different magnifications)
14. 𝑪𝒔 =
𝟏
𝟐𝐦𝐕𝐒 −𝐯
𝐕
𝐈(𝐕)𝐝𝐕
m= mass of active material which
are interact with electrolyte
solution.
V =Applied potential window,
S=scan rate.
𝑪𝒔 =
𝐈
𝐦
𝐝𝐭
𝐕 − 𝐈𝐑
dt=discharge time
m = mass of electrode material
V = potential window.
R= internal resitance developed in
the supercapacitor
Cyclic Voltamogram
Charging and discharging
Electrochemical Analysis
Ref. bapatel@brighton.ac.uk
15. CyclicVoltameter
Scan rate
(mV/s)
Specific Capacitance (F/g)
Solid
Mn3O4
Porous
Mn3O4
Hollow Mn3O4
10 98.075 107.47 165.68
20 81.5 96.5 140.93
30 69.33 87.66 133.03
50 54.14 75.8 117.06
80 42.37 63.25 97.18
100 37.78 57.63 87.39
(a)
(c)
(b)
Cyclic Voltamogram𝑪𝒔 =
𝟏
2𝐦𝐕𝐒 −𝐯
𝐕
𝐈(𝐕)𝐝𝐕
Electrochemical Analysis
Fig.13
In order to understand the
working potential window,
redox potential of the active
species and charge storage
kinetics of the electrode, the
cyclic voltammetry was
carried out in 2 M KOH
electrolyte solution.
The specific capacitance
was decreased with increase
in scan rate, which is due to
the decrease in charge
diffusion of the electrolyte
ions into the inner active
sites at higher scan rates.
(Fig.13 represents CV profile of Mn3O4 transition metal oxide, (a) for solid, (b) for porous
and (c) for hollow structure)
16. Current
Density(
A/g)
Specific Capacitance (F/g)
Solid Mn3O4 Porous
Mn3O4
Hollow Mn3O4
1 66.3 119.08 174
2 64.21 100.4 135.22
3 51.69 81.24 116.52
4 52.48 79.08 109.36
5 40.6 81.85 104.23
8 29.68 72.96 88.8
10 20.44 60.37 87.6
Charging and Discharging method𝑪𝒔 =
𝐈
𝐦
𝐝𝐭
𝐕−𝐈𝐑
Electrochemical Analysis
Fig.14
The linear region implies that the
electrode stores the charge based on
adsorption-desorption reaction at the
electrode surface. While, the non-
linear region indicates towards the
charge storage based on redox or
intercalation mechanism. It
demonstrates the pseudocapacitive
nature of the materials.
We have performed CD
measurements at current densities 1-
5 A/g. The specific capacitance was
decreased with increase in current
density, which is normal behaviour
as discussed in the CV section.
(a) (b)
(c)
(Fig.14 represents CD profile of Mn3O4 transition metal oxide, (a) for solid, (b) for
porous and (c) for hollow structure)
17. Electrochemical Analysis
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
Fig.15
The cycle stability test was carried
out by the GCD technique at a
current density of 8 A/g. The
specific capacitance as a function of
the cycle number is presented in
Fig. 11 (d). It can be seen from Fig.
11 (d) that the capacitance retention
is 95%, 89% and 87% after 3000
cycles for hollow, porous and solid
structures respectively.
Capacitance retention decreases
with increase in cycle numbers. It is
clear that the hollow Mn3O4
electrode material obtained in the
present work has a better-activated
property than the solid and porous
Mn3O4 structures.
(Fig.15 represents comparative studies of Mn3O4 transition metal oxide, (a) for CD profile
(b) for CV profile (c) for current densities vs specific capacitance and (d) for cycle
retention)
18. Where we stand !
Materials
Current
Density
Specific
Capacitance (F/g) References
Graphene/Mn3O4 1 A/g 121 10
Mn3O4/CB-0.05 1 A/g 134 11
Mn3O4 Solid 1 A/g 113 12
Mn3O4 micro Hollow
cubic structure
1A/g 124 12
Mn3O4/G/CB-
0.02/0.01
1A/g 274 13
Mn3O4/CB-0.05 1 A/g 134 14
Mn3O4-Carbon
Composite
1A/g 150 15
Mn3O4 /Ni foam 1A/g 165 16
Mn3O4 Hollow Nano-
sphere
1A/g 174 Present Work
hollow morphologies can enhance the electrochemical properties without the need of any extra additive efforts.
These material on one side increases the specific capacitance values but on the other side increases cost of the overall
device.
Therefore, development of hollow morphologies has great significance in terms of cost and economic feasibility.
19. Conclusion and Suggestions for future works
Solid, Porous and Hollow nanostructures of Mn3O4, synthesized successfully and used as electrode materials in
supercapacitor applications.
This proves the present study important in the field of energy storage, which opens a new dimension for the
researchers and supports the claim: “Hollowing the cavity of conventional solid nanoparticles can lead to next
generation materials for supercapacitors”.
Cyclic stability was tested and capacitive retention was found for solid, porous and hollow structures are 89%, 88%
and 92% respectively.
The specific capacitance is found more in Hollow structure as compared to its solid and Porous structures because
of more availability of surface sites.
Future work in this field should be directed to focus on the synthesis of hollow structures with complex composition
of metal ions and the clear understanding of the synergetic effect should be focused on Mn3O4 spinel structure.
For optimizing specific capacitance, different electrolyte solutions with different concentrations will be tested.
Effect of organic electrolytes will be tested for better capacitive performance.
Excellent electronic conductivity, high stability and mechanical flexibility of Mn3O4 based composite polymer
electrodes material will be studied for better capacitive performance.
Temperature effect will be studied for better devices and for its industrial applications.
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