Transit Operations - The Basics
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A brief overview of key terms, service design basics and other related information for individuals interested in transit operations. The presentation covers key metrics and inputs that transit professionals use for designing service. This presentation was first presented at Transportation Camp South in Atlanta, GA on Feb 9th, 2013. The content was adapted from Transit Planning 101 by Nelson\Nygaard and presented by Paul Supawanich
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Transit Operations - The Basics
- 1. Public Transportation Operations: The Basics
- 3. Objectives Terminology Planning Service Design Process
- 5. Services Types (Fixed Route) LOCAL – All Stops LIMITED – Some Stops EXPRESS – Few stops DEVIATED: flexible SHUTTLES – specialized BRT – Limited stops markets routes
- 6. Service Types – Demand Response 1. General Public DAR – Dial A Ride that’s open to everyone 2. Paratransit/ADA – Dial A Ride for qualified ADA passengers
- 8. Basic Operating Data • Platform Hours Hours • Service Hours • Revenue Hours 1. Platform Hours: An operator’s timesheet 2. Service Hours: The total hours during the day a bus is in motion 3. Revenue Hours: The total hours during the day the bus is “open for business” The same logic applies for “Miles”
- 9. Basic Operating Data (Service Hours vs Revenue Hours) / Bus Yard “Deadhead” “Revenue Service”
- 10. Performance Indicators – Standard Measures Operating Passengers / Operating Passenger Farebox Cost / Subsidy / Revenue Cost / /Revenue Recovery Revenue Hour Passenger Hour or Mile Passenger Hour Ratio or Mile
- 11. Performance Indicators – Standard Measures Operating Cost / Operating Cost / Farebox Recovery Revenue Hour Passenger Ratio $113.97 $3.37 22%
- 13. Operations
- 14. Operations Service Schedule Vehicle Schedule Operator • Service Coverage • “Blocking” Schedule • Service Span Assigning vehicles • “Runcutting” – • Frequency to cover day’s work converting schedule into actual shifts of work for operators
- 15. Scheduling Terms • Blocking – Creating vehicle assignments • Runcutting – Turning blocks into driver work assignments • Layover/Recovery – and its impacts on route design • Interline • Trippers and Trailers
- 16. Scheduling Terms con’t 1. Roundtrip Cycle Time (RCT) • The amount of roundtrip travel time, plus layover/recovery time for one trip • RCT can vary by time of day due to loading or traffic conditions
- 17. Vehicle Type and Size Vehicle Type Average Cost (2010-2011 vehicles) Articulated Bus (greater $727,213 than 55) Standard Bus $479,585 Replica Trolley $280,490 Minibus $90,204
- 18. Bus Stops • Near Side • Far Side • Mid-Block • Streetside
- 20. Coverage vs. Productivity “Mobility for people “Get cars off the who need it!” road!” Low Ridership High Ridership - but really important for the people - but no service in many places who use it Social-service Senior CONSTITUENCIES Environmental “Local Return” Fiscal Conservatives Local Economic Development Regional Economic Development
- 22. Run Time Matrix
- 23. Overview of the Planning Process
- 24. Existing Conditions (Where are we now?) • Passenger Ridecheck (ons/offs by stop) or APC data • Passenger Survey • Historical Performance Data • On-Time Performance Check • Demographics and Projections • Needs/Issues…Opportunities/Constraints
- 26. Service Design (Where are we going?) Community input and values • Service area needs • Coverage vs. Productivity • Resource allocation • Budget cuts
- 27. Service Design (Where are we going?) con’t Network Design • Pulse vs. Grid • Interlines • Minimizing transfers • Determining # of Routes • Estimating Revenue hours • Estimating Revenue miles • Determining Peak vehicles • Estimating Ridership
- 28. Final Report (The Plan) • Performance Standards • Service Plan (3-5 years detailed, 5-20 years conceptual) • Vehicle/Capital Plan • Financial Plan • Implementation Plan
- 29. Implementation (Ready, Set, Go!) • Changing signs/steps and headsigns • Changing printed material • Field testing routes • Finalize schedules • Marketing/outreach/announcements
- 30. First Lastname 111 Address Street City, ST 12345 (555) 555-1212 email@nelsonnygaard.com Paul Supawanich psupawanich@nelsonnygaard.com @tweetsupa NELSONNYGAARD CONSULTING ASSOCIATES © 2012
Editor's Notes
- Basic Transit Terminology The Transit Planning Process Basic service design criteria
- Local – All stops Limited – Limited stops and limited operating period Express – Very few stops, long distances Bus Rapid Transit – Limited stops, high frequency (< 15 minutes), all day Deviated - Small bus flex service for low density areas Shuttles – Usually single market, small bus services
- Revenue Hours vs. Vehicle Service Hours? What is “Deadhead?” Passengers Operating Costs (contract vs. fully loaded) Revenue Miles Revenue Hours Fare Revenue
- Revenue Hours vs. Vehicle Service Hours? What is “Deadhead?” Passengers Operating Costs (contract vs. fully loaded) Revenue Miles Revenue Hours Fare Revenue
- Revenue Hours vs. Vehicle Service Hours? What is “Deadhead?” Passengers Operating Costs (contract vs. fully loaded) Revenue Miles Revenue Hours Fare Revenue
- Op Cost/Rev Hr Op Cost/Pass Subsidy/Pass Pass/Rev Hr Pass/Rev Mi Farebox Recovery Ratio Talk about “Miles per Hour” not in actual speed, but the revenue miles covered in the amount of hours.
- Figured for MARTA – 2012 – 2011 NTD Data. Op Cost/Rev Hour and Op Cost / Pax for bus only. FRR is for entire system.
- Figured for MARTA – 2012 – 2011 NTD Data. Op Cost/Rev Hour and Op Cost / Pax for bus only. FRR is for entire system.
- Figured for MARTA – 2012 – 2011 NTD Data. Op Cost/Rev Hour and Op Cost / Pax for bus only. FRR is for entire system.
- http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Documents/table22_vehcosttransitlength2011.pdf