2. “PREVIOUS SUCCESSES”
OLYMPIAD XXIII - 1984
Projections of Huge Traffic Jams /
Images of Stranded Tourists Missing Events
Residents “Scared” into Leaving Town
Los Angeles Praised -“Great Planning!”
SAN FRANCISCO EARTHQUAKE - 1989
No Advance Warning
Motorists / Congestion Disappeared
Diversions Did Not Account for Total
“Where Did They All Go??”
San Francisco Praised - “Great Work!”
“People are
Resilient
AND
Resourceful!”
3. STUDY PURPOSE
Evaluate District compliance with Guidelines
Evaluate Typical Measures of Effectiveness
Determine Most Effective Strategies
Evaluate Cost versus Benefit
Establish Lessons Learned
Formulate Recommendations to Improve
TMP Process / Modify Guidelines
4. 8 of 15 of the Most
Congested Cities
are in California
Caltrans’ Mission
“We must get the most
out of the roads we have
before building any new
ones…..well, duh!”
To Improve Mobility
Across California
5. DEPUTY DIRECTIVE 60 (Eff. 2000)
WHAT’S THE POLICY?
Construction Special
Events
Encroachment
Permits
Maintenance
Caltrans’ commitment
is to: Minimize motorist
delays for ALL activities
on the State highway
system without
compromising public or
worker safety, or the
quality of the work
being performed.
..but with Varying
Levels of Treatment..
6. TMP CATEGORIES & STRATEGIES
“Blanket” TMP “Major” TMP
(~5% of Projects)
No expected delays
Off peak
Low volume roads
Moving lane
closures
Significant impacts
caused by work
Multiple TMP
strategies
Multiple contracts
Minimal impacts
caused by work
Lane closure
charts required
Some mitigation
measures required
“Minor” TMP
(Majority)
Portable
CMS, FSP, TMT,
Off-peak hours
Public Awareness
Campaigns, Fixed CMS,
Extended Closures, Moveable
Barriers, COZEEP, Detours,
Reduced Lane Widths,
Website, Helicopter..
Night Work, Portable
& Fixed CMS, COZEEP,
TMT, HAR, FSP, Gawk
Screens..
7. Six TMP Strategies
• P
• M
• I
• C
• D
• A
ublic Information
otorist Information
ncident Management
onstruction Strategies
emand Management
lternate Routes
TMP Costs for one
Project were estimated
as high as $7,000,000
8. Overall Corridor
Public Awareness
Motorist Information
Incident Management
How Would You Measure the
Effectiveness of TMP Strategies?
Personal or Mail-in
Surveys, No. of Calls or
Website Hits, Public
Meeting Attendance ..
Personal or Mail-in
Surveys, Traffic
Observations ..
Accident Response /
Removal Time,
Pre- / Post- Accident
Rates ..
Traffic Volume Counts,
Floating Car Runs,
Queue Lengths,
Transit Ridership,
Video Surveillance ..
9. Construction Strategies
Demand Management
Alternate Routes
Measurement of Effectiveness
(Cont.)
Trip Mode Distribution,
Park ‘n’ Ride Lot Usage,
Carpooling Surveys,
Employer Surveys ..
Traffic Volume Counts
Floating Car Runs,
Origin/Destination
Surveys ..
Traffic Volume Counts,
Floating Car Runs,
Queue Lengths, Lane
Closures Set / Picked
Up on Time ..
10. Example of Corridor
Effectiveness Results
Vehicle Delay
Traffic Volumes
Length of Queues
Safety
District 07
I-10 Long-Life Pavement Project
Traffic Demand on
Interstate10 was
reduced by 57% (from
112,000 to 56,000 veh)
Initial Estimate
= 44 miles
Actual Queue Length
= 1.9 miles
Pre-Const. Estimate
= 1,000,000 veh-hrs
Actual Delay
= 16,000 veh-hrs
No collisions or
Employee injuries
occurredin the
Work Zone Project Characteristics
- Fast-setting Hydraulic Concrete
- Closed 2 of 4 Lanes
- Extended 55-Hour Closures
13. MOST EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES
- PUBLIC AWARENESS
Leave Earlier
or Later ..
Use HOV, Bus or Rail
“Which way
should we
go today..?”
“If you drive I-80, you
might want to consider
an alternate route
this morning..”
Telecommute..
14. Slogans AND Maps
are Good and
Easy to Remember..
Instead of saying
“Bridge Replacement
Project” --...
15. Advance Awareness of Central Freeway Closure
2%
4%
5%
6%
7%
10%
11%
15%
32%
37%
40%
42%
50%
63%
78%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90%
Public M eetings
Other
Radio "M an in the Street"
Banners
One--Page Flyers
Billboards
Newsletters
Newspaper Ads
Fold-Out Brochures
Word of M outh
Radio News Reports
Radio Traffic Reports
Freeway Signs
TV News
Newspaper Articles
Percent Remembering
What Did the Public Notice?
Percentage
District 04
Central Freeway Replacement Project
Metro Traffic
Project Characteristics
- Full-freeway Closure
- On- and Off-Ramps Closed
- Extensive Public Info Campaign
16. - Based on “0” delay (Const.)
- 5 -15 minutes Delay (Maint.)
- According to District Traffic
Managers - eliminates
about 90% of potential
delay
PROBLEMS
- Const. windows reduced
- More Night work
(Urban/Rural)
- Comparative Quality?
- Comparative Safety?
Location:
Remarks:
Legend:
Chart No. _
Lane Requirements and Hours of Work
a.m. p.m.
FROM HOUR TO HOUR 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1011 12
Mondays through Thursdays
Fridays
Saturdays
Sundays
1 Provide at least one through freeway lane open in direction of travel
2 Provide at least two adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel
3 Provide at least three adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel
4 Provide at least four adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel
5 Provide at least five adjacent through freeway lanes open in direction of travel
S No lane closure permitted; work permitted anywhere that does not require lane closure
No lane closure permitted; no work permitted
Effective Construction Strategies
LANE REQUIREMENT CHARTS
17. Effective Construction
Strategies (Cont.)
• CONSTRUCTION STAGING
• DELAY PENALTY -- “Hammer” for the
RE to charge the Contractor ($$$) for
late pick-up of the closure .
• EXTENDED CLOSURES (e.g. 55-Hour
Weekends or 72-Hour Weekdays)
• NARROW LANE WIDTHS or USE OF
SHOULDERS (PEAK PERIOD)
• MOVEABLE BARRIERS
• CONTRAFLOW (“Crossovers”)
• CONTINGENCY PLANS (Redundancy)
19. • NO. OF PEAK HOUR TRIPS
• VAN POOL RIDERS
• BUS TRIPS
• PARK ‘N’ RIDE USAGE
Effective Strategies
-- Demand Management
38% increase
313% Increase
4% Average
Reduction
29% Increase
District 05
Cuesta Grade Project
Strategy Cost
= $3,300,000
Strategy Cost
= $780,000
Project Characteristics
- Addition of NB / SB Truck-Climbing Lanes
- Addition of Eight-foot Shoulders
- Construction of massive Retaining Walls
20. Alternate Route Strategies
(Info obtained by Survey)
Different Freeway
or Ramp Route - 76%
Freeway /
Transit - 3%
Freeway /
Fewer Trips - 1%
Other - 2%
No Longer
Made Trip - 3%
City Streets
Only - 11%
Public Transit - 2%
Freeway /
Streets - 2%
District 04
Central Freeway Replacement Project
21. BENEFITS VS. COSTS??
“Bang for the Buck...”
• P
• M
• I
• C
• D
• A
ublic Information
otorist Information
onstruction Strategies
emand Management
lternate Routes
ncident Management
$607,500
$835,000
$2,767,000
---
$400,000
$10,000
District 11
I-5 / I-805 Widening Project
Goal - Increase Van, Carpools, Bus by 5% / Change worktime by 2%
COZEEP Cost = $1,700,000
COMPARE COST VS. DELAY SAVINGS
Strategy Cost
Project Characteristics
- Const. Separate Freeway Bypass
- Const. of new Interchange / Auxiliary Lanes
22. • PUBLIC AWARENESS
• Newspapers
• TV News Spots
• ADVANCE SIGNAGE
• Before Decision Points
• On Preceding Weeks / Weekends
• ADHERE TO LANE REQ’MT CHARTS
• Real-Time Statusing is Needed
• Penalties for Late Lane Opening
• KEEP LANES OPEN
• Narrow Lane Widths
• Shoulder Usage during Peak
LESSONS LEARNED
PUBLIC
AWARENESS: MOST
Effective Strategies
facilitate Decision-
Making by Driving
Public to avoid Work
Zone
CONSTRUCTION
Strategies are
also very
effective
23. • CONSIDER OTHER STRATEGIES:
• Extended Closures vs. Night Closures
(“Get in & Stay in -- Get out & Stay out!”)
• Close Coordination w/ Locals (Detours, Signals…)
• Shorten Contract Time through Incentives
• COST VS. BENEFIT
• $$$ on Work Zone Enforcement vs. Benefit ??
• $$$ on Brochures, Ads, Flyers, vs. Benefit ??
(Media Coverage -- no cost for Major Projects)
• Costs of TMP Strategies vs. Delay costs
• OTHER ISSUES
• Truck Restrictions / Closures on Parallel Routes
• Cumulative Impacts due to Multiple Projects
(Combine closures when advantageous)
LESSONS LEARNED (cont.)
Delay cost
to motorists
TMP
Cost
24. • STREAMLINE TMP PROCESS
• Blanket / Minor Projects (Standardized Forms)
• Major Projects (Brief, Standardized Reports)
• Critical Monitoring Activities - Delay Counts, Runs
• PROPOSED STUDIES
• Detailed TMP Effectiveness - Costs vs. Benefits
• Full-Freeway vs. Night Closures
• Enforcement Practices (Placement, etc.)
• MODIFY TMP GUIDELINES
• Standardize Monitoring Practices
• Standardize Reporting Practices
• Include Non-Motorized Considerations
RECOMMENDATIONS
28. • TMP Process
• Relationship between Project
Characteristics and TMP Strategies
• Sample Unit Costs for TMP Strategies
• TMP Strategies -- Unit cost Info
• Sample Worksheet -- Blanket TMP
• Sample Delay Calculations
HANDOUTS
29.
30. Project Public Motorist Incident Const. Demand Alternate
Characteristic Information Information Management Strategies Management Routes
Duration Long Long Long
Length Short Short Short Long
Phasing x x x x x
Urbanization x
(Non-Urbanized) x
Average Daily Traffic x x x
Reduced Capacity x x x x x x
Viable Alternate Routes x x x
(No Alternate Routes) x x x
Traffic Delay x x x x x x
Public / Media x x x
Political x x x x
Affected Activity Centers x x x x x
Truck Percentage x
Business Impacts x x x
Increase in Accidents x x x
Steep Inclines x x x
Raised Medians x x x
Relationship between Project Characteristics
and Appropriate TMP Strategies
31. TMP ELEMENTS- "ROUGH" COSTS
Public Information
$250,000+
$0.5-1.0/1,000 Mailers
$0.34/mailer
$0.1-1.0/1,000
$65/1,000
$2,500/month
$224
$6,000/day
12,000/day
$18,000/day
$8,000/day
$14,000/day
$22,000/day
$0-1,000/day
$3,000
$800/minute
$45/month
$4,000+
$20,000+
$1,200/month
$1,500/month
Motorist Information
$300,000
$10,000
$350/day, $1,500/week,
$3,500/month
$60,000/unit
$70,000/unit
$300 each
Sample Unit Costs for TMP Strategies
32. Incident Management
$1,000/night
$119.07/hr (reg. Time)
contingency and CHP dispatch) $116.45/hr (Over Time)
$300 each
20000 to $200,000
$0
$0
$600/hour
$0
Range between
$20,000 to 200,000
Construction Strategies
$10-15/lf
$30/lf
$100,000/6 months
$3/lf
$30,000 each
Demand Management
$50/hr
$50,000/location
Alternate Route
$50/hour
Sample Unit Costs for TMP Strategies (Cont.)
33. TMP STRATEGIES -- UNIT COST INFO Source: TMP Effectiveness Study (Wilbur Smith, 1993)
Strategy Unit Cost Comment
Brochures and Mailers Cost could range between $.40 to $ .50/ brochure
for a large quantity.
Variable depending on the text, graphics and presentation quality
of the materials produced, numbers printed and distribution
methods.
Media Releases Cost varies with labor up to a few hours of labor/
month.
Labor cost associated with TMP personnel interacting with media,
as well as time developing press releases. Cost varies with labor
up to a few hours of labor/ month.
Public Info. Center Basic cost would range from zero to $1.50 per
square foot per month depending on the location.
Basic cost would range from zero to $1.50 per square foot per
month depending on the location. Additional costs could include
staffing, equipment, furnishings and operating costs.
Paid Advertising The cost depends on newspaper rates in the
area, but can range between $100 to $600 for 3
column inches, one time only.
Visual Information Variable
Telephone Hotline Installation: In the range of $100 - $110 for one
line (local access only).
Additional Lines: Approximately $75.00 each.
Monthly Fee: $20.00 plus usage (rates are
discounted if over
Installation: This does not include having the actual line installed
into the location).
Additional Lines: Approximately $75.00 each.
CMS $35,000 to $50,000 to purchase depending upon
whether installation is permanent or portable;
$1,900 to $2,400/ month to lease in 1993 dollars.
Annual operating costs can range from $13,000 to
$22,000 (1989 dollars) per unit.
Signing and Striping Variable
Highway Advisory
Radio
$30,000 to $35,000/ spot; $53,000 for portable unit
Traffic Monitoring
Station
$30,000 per mile
PUBLIC INFORMATION
MOTORIST INFORMATION
INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
34. TMP STRATEGIES -- UNIT COST INFO (cont.) Source: TMP Effectiveness Study (Wilbur Smith, 1993)
Strategy Unit Cost Comment
Tow Service Cost/ truck hour of service ranges from $50.00 to
$60.00. Annualized cost of $85,000/ vehicle, or
about $250/ day.
Aerial Surveillance Ranges from $5,000 to 6,000 per month (based on
D 12 project) to $12,000/ month (I-95 project in
Florida)
Call Boxes $5,000 to $6,500 for field units (part of construction
cost, not TM cost); $25,000 to $32,000 dispatching
unit; $500 to $600 annual operating cost/ unit.
Cost could also include telephone message charges and
dispatching.
COZEEP $50 to $60/ hour (Construction Zone Enforcement Enhancement Program)
Variable Lanes Temporary concrete barriers: $15 per linear foot
Traffic cones: $10 each
Channelizers: $35 each
Project Phasing Variable depending in the duration of
construction, materials used for the stages
construction, and additional design fees for
preparation of PS & E.
Incentives /
Disincentives
$6,000 per day with maximum 5 percent of construction cost for
incentive $12,000 per day for disincentive (based on the I-45
project in Houston, Texas).
Cost + Time Bidding Not Available
Owner- Imposed
Physical Restrictions
Not Available
Use of Owner-
Supplied or Stockpiled
Materials
Not Available
Value Engineering
Incentive
Not Available
Surveillance Not Available
Lane/Ramp Closures $2,800 per direction per count location Counts may already be available in District's inventory section
CONSTRUCTION STRATEGIES
35. TMP STRATEGIES -- UNIT COST INFO (cont.) Source: TMP Effectiveness Study (Wilbur Smith, 1993)
Strategy Unit Cost Comment
Glare/ Gawk Screens $10 per linear foot to lease, $15 per linear foot to
purchase
Truck Traffic
Restrictions
None
Total Facility Closure Cost for COZEEP depends on extent of closure
Lane-By-Lane Rental Varies, depending on construction engineering costs, traffic
control costs and road user costs. This element would typically be
funded as part of the construction contract, rather than the TMP.
Rideshare Incentives Vanpooling incentives range from $.19 to $ .62
per vehicle using the corridor (based on ADT).
Rideshare Marketing Unknown. TMP costs do not differentiate between overall marketing costs
and rideshare marketing costs.
Park-and Ride Lots Temporary at- grade parking would cost $1,000
per space with $50/ space with annual
maintenance cost.
Variable, depending whether new lots must be acquired or built.
Transit Service
Improvements
$5.00/ vehicle mile.
Transit Incentives Depends on level of incentive, up to $60/ month is
not tax- free
High Occupancy
Vehicle Lanes
$6,000 per mile for temporary HOV lane.
Parking Management/
Pricing
Minimal
Ramp Closure and
Ramp Metering
$80,000 to $100,000 per ramp for ramp metering.
Street Improvements Approximately $10,000 per intersection. Variable depending on the magnitude of geometric changes.
Traffic Control
Improvements
$10,000 to 25,000 per temporary signal or signal
modification.
DEMAND MANAGEMENT
ALTERNATE ROUTES
36. TRANSPORTATION
MANAGEMENT PLANS
“BLANKET CLOSURE” FORM F
District County
Route Postmile(s)
No. of Lanes Affected Length of Segment
Location Description
Work Description
Initial Date / Time Ending Date / Time
Expected Duration Expected Delay (minutes)
BLANKET TMP ACTIVITIES -- Please check the appropriate box(es):
Bridge inspection / repair Lighting repairs / relamping Restriping
Culvert / drainage – cleanout
/ inspection / repairs
Non-landscaped area
tree/brush/vegetation work
Right-of-Way Fence repair
Delineator / Postmile marker
repairs / replacement
Electrical maintenance Safety and Accident
investigations
Ditch and channel work Median barrier / attenuator
repairs (off traveled way)
Shoulder area grading for
lateral support
Driveway construction Pavement coring / testing Sign repairs / replacement
Debris / litter removal Pavement - minor repairs /
replacement
Sump pump repairs / cleaning
Facility patrols and
surveillance
Pavement – grinding operations
(AC digouts)
Surveying
Graffiti abatement/clean-up
on walls / signs / equipment
cabinets
Roadside Facilities (Rest Area /
Vista Points)
Tree maintenance (trimming /
pruning)
Landscaping (irrigation /
vegetation control – spraying,
mowing)
Roadside Facilities (Weigh
Station / Park and Ride Lot)
Utilities placement /
maintenance
FACILITY TYPE OF CLOSURE
Mainline Bridge Lane One-way
Auxiliary lane On-ramp Full Freeway Various
Median Off-ramp Moving
Shoulder Connector
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Did you prepare Lane Closure Charts? Yes No
Was “Zero delay” goal accomplished? (If not, be
sure to specify the expected delay above.)
Yes No
Are there adjacent Lane Closures in the same corridor? Yes No
If Yes, what is the spacing?
Contact Person: _________________________
Phone: __________________(office)
____________________(cel)
37. Percent Truck: 0.0% Cost per Truck: $24/Veh-Hr
Percent Passenger Cars: 100.0% Cost per Passenger Car: $9/Veh-Hr
Number of Lanes Existing: 4 Lanes Cost for Mixed Flow Traffic: $9/Veh-Hr
Number of Lanes Open: 2 Lanes Single-Lane Capacity: 1500 Veh/Hr
Open-Lane Capacity: 3000 Veh/Hr
Time
Demand
(Veh)
Cumulative
Demand
(Veh)
Cumulative
Capacity
(Veh)
Difference
(Veh)
Area
(Veh-Hr)
Queue
Length
(mile)
Individual
Delay
(minutes)
6 AM 0 0 0 0 0 0.0
7 AM 5309 5309 3000 2309 1154.5 2.7 46
8 AM 6945 12254 6000 6254 4281.5 7.4 125
Max. Individual Delay: 125 minutes 0.0
Vehicle DelayHours: 5,436 veh-hr
Total Cost of Delay: $48,924
DelayCost/10min: $4,077
Operation: Multilane Closure
Count Date: 5-3-2001
RTE
Location: Demand vs. Capacity
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
6
AM
7
AM
8
AM
TIME
CUMULATIVE
VEHICLES
Demand Capacity
Sample Delay Calculations
