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Transgenic Plants
- 1. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Maharishi Markandeswer (Deemed to be University), Ambala India Dr. Pooja Sharma Assistant Professor Department of Biotechnology TRANSGENIC PLANTS
- 2. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Maharishi Markandeswer (Deemed to be University), Ambala, India Institution • Located at AMBALA (Haryana) • Collection Size (5 million square feet buildup area) • Collection Strengths (13000 students) • Independent medical college and hospital
- 3. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Wide scope of Biotechnology in Industries and Academics. High quality education system with latest equipments and effective mode of teaching including PPT presentations, guest lectures, animations etc. Wide link with other disciplines i.e. Interdisciplinary. Eminent faculty members with good research profile and publications. Highly motivated scholars with significant research outcome.
- 4. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Transgenic Plants
- 5. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Introduction Gene transfer methods Importance of Transgenic plants Applications Conclusion Contents
- 6. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten What is transgenic A transgenic plant is a plant which contains a single gene or multiple genes of a different species artificially inserted in its genome, which may come from an unrelated plant or from a completed different species.
- 7. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten 1. Transgenic? When a foreign gene transferred into a plant genome and it expresses the character encoded by transgene. 2. Transgenesis? The process by which transgenic plants are formed 3. Transformation? Any chimeric gene transfer into plant genome. 4. Trans-gene? Its a particular gene isolated from Arabidopsis and transferred into Brassica. 5. Cis-gene? Its a particular gene isolated from same plant in which it is transferred. 6. Chimeric? Combination of two or more coding sequence. Important term to know
- 8. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Gene transfer Methods/strategies Transfer via plasmid/vector Agrobacterium/Co-cultivation Floral dip transformation in Arabidopsis Direct DNA uptake Biolistic Sonicator/Mechanically injury Electroporation Microinjection
- 9. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten https://www.msu.edu/course/css/451/Lecture/WK2-PT-Agro(2009).pdf Agrobacterium tumefaciens: A natural Genetic Engineer Cont.
- 10. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Electroporation & Microinjection
- 11. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Biolistic and Sonicator
- 12. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten 1 2 3 4 5 6 Common methodology used to get transgenic PCR Amplification pGEM-T® Cloning Restriction Binary Cloning Restriction T1 transgenic Floral dip transformation PCR Agrobacterium cloning L D1 L D1 L D1 L D1 3.5 3.0 3.0
- 13. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Detection of Transgenic Plants Use of selectable marker and reporter gene (GUS/GFP) Green fluorescent protein makes cells glow green under UV light/520 nm. Gus assay (using β-glucuronidase is an excellent method for detecting a single cell
- 14. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Fire fly Luciferase Antibiotic resistant gene Ampicilin (β-lactamase) NptII(neomycinphosphotransferase), Spectinomycin, Tetracyclin, Chlorophenicol
- 15. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Applications: Main applications of transgenic plants are: 1. Resistant to biotic and abiotic stress 2. Improvement of crop yield, and quality e.g. storage, longer shelf life of fruits and flowers. 3. Transgenic plants with improved nutrition. 4. Transgenic plants as bioreactors for the manufacture of commercial products. e.g. proteins, vaccines, and biodegradable plastics.
- 16. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Flavr savr Tomato An antisense copy of Polygalacturonase gene was inserted into the tomato genome It degrades pectin, a component responsible for softening of cell wall. In 1994, the Flavr savr became the first commercially grown genetically engineered food.
- 17. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Golden rice enriched with β-carotene Daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) Soil bacterium (Erwinia uredovora) Cont.
- 18. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten India collaborating with Queensland University of Technology (QUT) in a project on Banana enriched vitamin A. The project plans to have the special banana varieties — enriched with alpha and beta carotene. Banana enriched with β-carotene
- 19. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten BT crops 1. Genetically modified cry proteins released from Bacillus thuringiensis (Soil bacteria). 2. BT Cotton is first genetically modified crop accepted in India, and this is the only crop growing globally. 3. BT-Corn, BT-Potato, BT-Poplar is also released in market.
- 20. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Transgenic plants under field trails in India
- 21. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Transgenic: Future Prospects
- 22. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Conclusion “Genetically modified foods is pure, safe and hygienic. As per world population this is the best way to solve world hunger and malnutrition problems, and preserve the environment by increasing crops yield with reducing the use of pesticides and herbicides. However we must avoid unintended harm to human health and our environment during experimentation”.
- 23. • Textmasterformatbearbeiten – Zweite Ebene • Dritte Ebene – VierteEbene » FünfteEbene Titelmasterformatdurch Klickenbearbeiten Thank you