The document summarizes the history of California from its origins as a mythical island inhabited by Queen Calafia and her people, to its geological formation, indigenous populations, and major economic and population changes brought about by the Gold Rush. Key events discussed include the discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill that sparked the Gold Rush, the growth of cities and influx of immigrants both domestic and international, the building of the transcontinental railroad including the important role of Chinese workers, and economic and social tensions that led to the formation of groups like the Workingmen's Party advocating for reforms.
A Proposed Principalia Theory of Austronesian Inter MigrationTotiDulay
This theory which basically says that the homeland of the Austronesian people is the Philippines was put forward by the Principalia Hereditary Council of the Philippines and was presented at the e-Baybayin Zoom Lecture Series 2020 and shared at the FB Live on May 30, 2020.
A Proposed Principalia Theory of Austronesian Inter MigrationTotiDulay
This theory which basically says that the homeland of the Austronesian people is the Philippines was put forward by the Principalia Hereditary Council of the Philippines and was presented at the e-Baybayin Zoom Lecture Series 2020 and shared at the FB Live on May 30, 2020.
JSConf US 2014: Building Isomorphic AppsSpike Brehm
Slides from Spike Brehm's talk at JSConf US 2014. Topics include the etymology of "Isomorphic JavaScript", examples is isomorphic apps in the wild, reasons behind the growing trend towards isomorphic apps, and how to build an isomorphic module using Browserify & NPM.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2. Queen Calafia’s Island A Romantic Paradise The Term “California” was invented as a fictional name to describe a mythological island in a book. The island was rumored to contained mass riches and beauty. It was inhabited by a dark-skinned race, the Amazonians. The story included tales of their larger-than-life and beautiful Queen who goes on many adventures. Queen Calafia eventually travels to join the leaders of the world. She marries a lieutenant and continues her adventures. In the end, her people become Christians and give up many of their heathen ways. The Mexican people often tried to make fiction reality. A group of sailors landed one what they thought was an island. They named it California and hoped that it would produce the same wealth the fictional land had. This island in reality is a peninsula now called “Antigua or Old California.”
3. Queen Calafia’sIsland Underneath the Golden State Under the American state of California, there is great turmoil. California itself was formed by the colliding of the North American and Pacific tectonic plates. Between the rising and sinking of the plates, devastation of glaciers, rushing water, and lava from volcanoes, California formed in a dramatic way. I created deserts, mountains, canyons, valleys, coasts, and plains.
4. Queen Calafia’sIsland As it Belonged to the Native Americans It is estimated that over 300, 000 Native American’s lived in various areas of California’s diverse terrain. Some argue that there were many more living in California. There were approximately 135 different languages spoken throughout the tribes. Each tribe was different. Much of the variations existed by what was around them. Several were fishing communities who were skilled with nets and spears, others hunted in forests or collect roots, berries, and other plants. They all had a few similarities, however. They were not warring people. They were simple people but displayed art in practical objects such as clothes and baskets. Sweat lodges were universal between them. They took care of raising their children carefully. They lived life with a rhythm. They had a rich culture and heritage passed down through 25 generations by stories, myths, totem poles, and taboos. They were eventually invaded by the New Americans and nearly destroyed.
5. Striking it Rich Sutter’s Fort Captain John Augustus Sutter sold provisions and leased land to new settlers. He had control over many Native Americans through indentured servitude and were treated little better than slaves. Settlers could hire them as laborers through Sutter. Many other men found work from him. He based himself in what is now Sacramento. He planned for a wharf and a sawmill for which he hired James Wilson Marshall to construct. Marshall worked with a series of discharged Mormons to build the water-powered sawmill. The sawmill was meant to create mass wealth by providing the lumber that Californians needed in a quick and efficient way. It did bring a great wealth, in a very different way. Gold was found and California was changed.
6. Striking it Rich The Gold Rush James Marshall discovered gold nuggets when building a saw mill at Sutter’s Fort, January 24, 1848. Workers quit to search for gold. The news spread quickly and miners flocked to California in search of their fortunes. By 1949 it was officially announced that gold had been discovered and the international Gold Rush had begun. California was put on the map extremely rapidly. It was quickly petitioned to be an American state and cities grew out of nowhere.
7. Striking it Rich Getting there With news of gold, thousands flocked to the wilderness of California. They came from the east and from foreign countries are far as china and Australia. To come meant risking life and limb for fortune. Mostly young men made the trip, as well as some older men and eventually even women and children made the journey. The travel options were mostly dangerous and long. Over-land passes included deserts, mountains, and river crossings. Disease, wild animals, accidents, and robbers were common killers. Sea journeys had high risk of disease but for those who could afford it, safe and comfortable treks were available over sea. So many ships came that hundreds were abandoned and many were pulled onshore for use as stores or housing. One ship was even kept as a prison.
8. Regulation, Railroad, and Revolution Regulation Chaos ruled the California frontier. No one knew who own what land and no one wanted to leave the land they were on. A Board of Land Commissioners was created to regulate the Mexican grants that were to still be honored. People could plead their case to the Board to keep their land. Many claims were not considered valid and even if they were, lawyer fees cost many large parts of their land. Many landowners doubted if they could handle living in California and started fighting for a separate territory in southern California. A Vigilance Committee tried to gain control but caused a lot of mayhem. The Capital changed several times. Everything was changing rapidly. California shaped itself in sudden bursts of activity.
9. Regulation, Railroad, and Revolution Railroad Charles Crocker was in charge of building a massive railroad to cross the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Steel had to be laid by hand and tunnels were carves out of mountains piece by piece. Most Californians were not willing to do such laborious work for so little pay as was offered. Crocker decided to hire a handful of Chinese men for the work as an experiment. Eventually, he hired 10,000 Chinese workers who completed the massive feat. Hundreds died and the tasks were horribly arduous and dangerous. Several miles could be laid a day. The completed railroad made California part of the nation and opened it up to the rest of the country.
10. Regulation, Railroad, and Revolution Revolution The economy started to struggle after the initial gold flow. Many men were unemployed and were finding that the Chinese residents had more work than they did. The Workingmen’s Party formed as a sort of Union. Hundreds gathered in a mob and beat any unfortunate Chinese that they found. Soon, another group, the pickax brigade, came together for public safety. These 4,000 men patrolled the streets. These two forces were armed and openly against each other. Police, Navy, and Army were all on alert along with the pickax brigade. The Party moved from violence to politics and moved to change the state constitution. The economy was in a depression but people, not just the rioting Workingman’s Party, realized that some changes needed to be made. The railroad’s power needed to diminish, public services needed to be provided for, land needed to be evenly distributed and so on. The Party, however, was overruled by those who wanted changes through reform instead of revolution. Slowly, reform started coming and compromises were made. California