Track 12. Educational innovation Authors: Pablo Delatorre and Alberto Salguero

1. Training to capture software
requirements by role playing
Authors
Pablo Delatorre
Alberto Salguero
Department of
Computer Engineering

2. Motivatión

3. She is a computer engineer.

4. She is about to start a project with her staff.

5. She knows that an engineering project requires a series of steps.

6. The first one is to know what th client wants and, over all…
What the
client needs.

7. This stage is called Collection of Requirements.

8. It is an essential stage in norms as ISO/IEC 12207
Software Life Cycle Proccess
ISO/IEC 15504
Software Process Improvement Capability Determination
CMMI
Capability Maturity Model Integration
… and different software life cycles.

9. To fail in this step
[P. Smart. The Standish Group Report, 2014]
is the most important cause of projects failures.

10. As we cannot and must not
guess what the client looks for,
we need meet with him.
[Nuseibeh et al., 2000]

11. Giving students a set of skills to be good interviewers is important.

12. Current state

13. An interview with a client requires to master a set of skills.
- Effective communication [Coughlan et al., 2003]
- Empathy [Fisher et al., 2011]
- Recognizing needs [Firesmith, 2004]
- Managing the session [Curtis et al., 1988]

14. That takes practice.

15. In related subjects, interviews are rehearsed with local companies.
With the help of workers who are volunteering.

16. Those interviews are easy to collect information, because...
- They are not focused in communication
- They do not require empathy skills
- There are barely conflicts
- The client does not condition resources
Subjects that emerges in real interviews.

17. The world of clients is more complex...

18. There are clients that confuse what they want with what they need.
[Doll et al., 1991]

19. There are clients with reduced communication and social skills.
[Wiegers et al., 2013]

20. There are clients that do not want the project success.
[Marakas et al., 1996]

21. There are intractable clients or clients having a bad day.
[Zin et al., 2009]

22. Some clients are unaware of the problem or deny it.
[Orig, 2003]

23. The clients demand or deal satisfaction warranties of price and time.
[Zowghi, 2005]

24. Current practices with volunteers does not cover this problems.
The volunteer tends
to be friendly.
He has no reasons
to seek conflicts.
The project evolution
does not concern him.

25. Objective
and method

26. To involve the learners in an interview with interests and emotions...

27. ... through the performance of roles by the students.
How
has it
been

28. Two students play the role of clients and other two interview them.
Later, both interviewers
act as clients for two
other students.
It continue until everyone has
been client and interviewer.

29. In the season, interviewers must collect the requirements.
Each interview takes
about 30 minutes.
It requires previous
preparation.
Results must be
delivered and evaluated.
Teachers are present.

30. For the role of clients, a week before the meeting the students
prepared a project and seven personality features, all assigned
by the teachers.
Sincerity
Sociability
Self-assessment
Technological skills
Project problem
knowledge
Motivation
Need of control

31. The interview is not safe from difficulties.

32. It puts the students, up-to-the-minute, in difficult and unexpected situations.
They hand-on experience
about dealing with
non-ideal clients.
They collect
the requirements.
And they get fun and
empathize when
playing the role of clients,
“walking in their shoes”.

33. Finally, teachers report on aspects to be improved.

34. Results

35. Students were divided into two groups.
Group A: they carried out the task as explained.
Group B: they interviewed real companies, as normally,
later being informed of the Group A results.
Group C: they only interviewed real companies, as normally.

36. 1. The required one by the dynamics
of the subject, depending on the group.
2. Voluntarily at the end of the quarter,
with real workers with instructions
to act as they would do in the case that
the project was really useful for them.
Each group performed two interviews:

37. After the second session, a greater success of Group A was noticed.

38. Remarkable results
Firstinterview
Secondinterview

39. Thanks

40. Main references
• Ross & Schoman Jr. Structured analysis for requirements definition.
Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on. 1977, 1:6–15.
• Singh. International standard ISO/IEC 12207 software life cycle processes.
Software Process Improvement and Practice. 1996, 2(1):35–50.
• El Emam & Birk. Validating the ISO/IEC 15504 measure of software requirements analysis process capability.
Software Engineering, IEEE Transactions on. 2000, 26(6):541–566.
• C. P. Team. CMMI for development, version 1.2. 2006.
• Smart. The Standish Group Report, 2014. 2014.
URL: https://www.projectsmart.co.uk/white-papers/chaos-report.pdf. Último acceso: 2016-06-03.
• Sommerville & Kotonya. Requirements engineering: processes and techniques.
John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1998.
• Pohl. Requirements engineering: fundamentals, principles, and techniques.
Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated. 2010.
• Davis et al. Effectiveness of requirements elicitation techniques: Empirical results derived from a systematic
review. In Requirements Engineering, 14th IEEE International Conference. 2006, pages 179–188.

41. • Browne &. Rogich. An empirical investigation of user requirements elicitation: Comparing the effectiveness of
prompting techniques. Journal of Management Information Systems. 2001, 17(4):223–249.
• Davis. The harmony in rechoirments. IEEE Software. 1998, 15(2):6.
• Curtis et al. A field study of the software design process for large systems.
Communications of the ACM. 1988, 31(11):1268–1287.
• Nuseibeh & Easterbrook. Requirements engineering: a roadmap. In Proceedings of the Conference on the
Future of Software Engineering. ACM. 2000, pages 35–46.
• Zowghi &CCoulin. Requirements elicitation: A survey of techniques, approaches, and tools. In Engineering and
managing software requirements. Springer. 2005, pages 19–46.
• Leonardi. Why do people reject new technologies and stymie organizational changes of which they are in
favor? Exploring misalignments between social interactions and materiality.
Human Communication Research. 2009, 35(3):407–441.
• Huang. Family communication patterns and personality characteristics.
Communication Quarterly. 1999, 47(2):230–243.
• Zin & Pa. Measuring communication gap in software requirements elicitation process. In Proceedings of the
8th WSEAS International Conference on Software engineering, parallel and distributed systems.
World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society (WSEAS). 2009, pages 66–71.

42. Images
1. Public domain
2. Licensed under Creative Commons: BY 2.0 License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
3. Licensed under Creative Commons: BY-NC-SA 2.0 License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
NASA
Hamilton during her time as lead
Apollo flight software designer (1)
Unknown (Smithsonian Institution)
Grace Murray Hopper at the UNIVAC
keyboard, c. 1960 (2)
James Vaughan
1936--"Things To Come" – final (3)
Employee(s) of Universal Studios
in possession of SchroCat
Basil Rathboneas Holmes (1)
George Hodan
Old Camera (1)
Patrick Feller
Into the Promised Land, Joshua 18,
AbandonedBible, White Oak Bayou,
Houston, Texas 0420091320BW(2)
Harold Lloyd and Wesley Stout
An American Comedy
The iconic clock scene in Safety Last!(1)
James Vaughan
1935 ... depressed monster (3)
James Vaughan
1960 ... “Village of the Damned (3)
Unknown
Cary Grant and Rosalind Russell(1)
Public Record Office Victoria
Teacher shows film to
classroom, Grade 3, 1954 (3)
RKO Radio Pictures, still
photographer Alexander Kahle
Favored to win election as governor,
Kane makes a campaign speech
at Madison Square Garden (1)

43. 1. Public domain
2. Licensed under Creative Commons: BY 2.0 License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
3. Licensed under Creative Commons: BY-NC-SA 2.0 License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
4. Licensed under Creative Commons: BY-NC-ND 2.0 License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/
5. Licensed under Creative Commons: BY-SA 2.0 License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
6. Licensed under Creative Commons: BY-NC 2.0 License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
Johnny Freak
Una scena del film Vacanze romane (1)
Via Tsuji
old ibm logo (4)
Columbia Pictures - eBay
With Rita Hayworth in
You Were Never Lovelier (1942) (1)
James Vaughan
1954 ... ‘Rear Window’ (3)
James Vaughan
... wow thing- complete! (3)
First National Studios
A Dog's Life (1918) (3)
Georges Méliès - Roger-Viollet
The iconic image of
the Man in the Moon (1)
Internet Archive
Bela Lugosi as Dracula (1)
Insomnia Cured Here
Young Frankenstein (5)
Tom Simpson
King Kong punching Godzilla (4)
Unknown
Ray Bolger in costume as
the scarecrow (1)
Thomas Hawk
Surprised Tin Man (6)
Unknown
Bert Lahr, in costume as
The Cowardly Lion (1)
Carl Lender
Odd Couple (2)

44. 1. Public domain
2. Licensed under Creative Commons: BY 2.0 License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
3. Licensed under Creative Commons: BY-NC 2.0 License. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/
Unknown
Croppedscreenshot of Marilyn Monroe
from the trailer for the film
Some Like It Hot (1)
ABC Television
Photo of Cesar Romero as The Joker and
Burgess Meredith as The Penguin
from the television program Batman (1)
ABC Television
Robin and Batman (1)
Pablo de la Torre Moreno
Alumnos en entrevistas de CSI
Unknown
Margaret Hamilton as
the Witch in the 1939
film version, threatening
Dorothy (Judy Garland) (1)
film screenshot (RKO)
Laurel and Hardy in the 1939 film
The Flying Deuces (1)
First National Pictures
Virginia Fox and Buster Keaton
prop each other up in
The Electric House, 1922 (1)
Galaxy fm®
To Kill a Mockingbird (1)
NBC Television
The Stooges with
Curly Joe DeRita (left) in 1959 (1)
NBC Television
Commander Spock and
Captain James T. Kirk, played by
Leonard Nimoy and William Shatner,
pictured here in The Original Series (1)
CBS Television
Sinatra with Dean Martin and
Judy Garland in 1962 (1)
Ralph F. Stitt
The Marx Brothers, head-and-shoulders
portrait, facing front. Top to bottom:
Chico, Harpo, Groucho and Zeppo (1)

45. 1. Public domain
WCCO (AM)
Photo of Humphrey Bogart as he played
a role on Suspense (radio drama) (1)
Gerda Taro
Photographer Robert Capa during
the Spanish civil war, May 1937 (1)
Associated Booking Corp.
Louis "Satchmo" Armstrong blowing
his trumpet while Grace Kelly
looks on in a photograph
from the set of the MGM
motion picture "High Society” (1)

46. Music
Iron Horse – Distressed
Fun in a bottle
Run Amok
Amazing Plan – Distressed
Gold Rush
by Kevin MacLeod
(incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: BY Attribution 3.0 License. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/

47. © Pablo de la Torre Moreno, 2016.