Traditional Jazz
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Jazz originated in New Orleans in the late 19th century and early 20th century. It encompasses many styles including Dixieland, swing, bebop, cool jazz, and fusion. Key components of early jazz include improvisation, syncopated rhythms, and the collective improvisation of New Orleans-style Dixieland bands. Pioneering jazz artists like Louis Armstrong and Jelly Roll Morton emerged from New Orleans and helped establish jazz as a major new American musical genre in the 1920s.
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Traditional Jazz
- 1. Jazz Definition Difficult: Encompasses Many Styles: Dixieland, Swing, Bop, Hard Bop, Cool, Third Stream, Avant-Garde, Fusion Major Component: Improvisation (spontaneous composition)
- 2. Jazz Other Components: Swing Feeling, Abundance of Syncopated Rhythms Some Jazz has Very Little Improvisation
- 3. Traditional Jazz Known as: Dixieland, Trad Jazz, New Orleans Jazz The First Jazz Artists came from New Orleans, although African-Americans in many cities were playing in a Syncopated Style Using Improvisation.
- 4. New Orleans Multi-National City (French, Spanish, US) • French began building 1718; by 1719 147 slaves; by 1722 many Freemen of Color • Given to Spanish 1763; Returned to French 1801 • By 1810 5,000 Freemen of Color
- 5. Creoles “Original Settlers of New Orleans” Creoles of Color a mixture of African- French (Quadroons, Octoroons) Distinct Social Class “Black Codes” laws with gradually eroded the Creole Class
- 6. Storyville 1897-1917 Five Sq. Mile Red-Light District “Sportin’ Houses” often had music Closed by Navy during WWI
- 7. Storyville
- 8. Parades & Brass Bands Outdoor Music, Parks, Pavillions Fraternal Organizations had Bands • Onward Club, Tuxedo Club Funeral Parades Dances (Quadrilles, Waltzes, Ragtime) Dirtier Dances, the Slow Drag
- 9. Buddy Bolden “Legendary” First Jazz Band First Band to Combine Blues & Ragtime 1895 No recordings exist 1907 committed to Mental Institution
- 10. Buddy Bolden
- 11. Jazz Emerges From Band Music Instrumentation: Trumpet, Clarinet, Trombone, plus Rhythm Section Rhythm Section: Drums, Bass Instrument (String Bass, Tuba), Chordal Instrument (Piano, Guitar, Banjo)
- 12. Trumpet/Cornet “Brass” Instrument 1st Important Solo Instrument Role: Melodic “West End Blues”
- 13. Clarinet “Woodwind” Instrument Role: Ornate Passages Around the Melody “Muskrat Ramble”
- 14. Trombone “Brass” Instrument Role: Ornate Bass Line “Muskrat Ramble”
- 15. String Bass String Instrument Role: Bass Line
- 16. Or Tuba “Brass” Instrument Role: Bass Line Used Outdoors Bass Line
- 17. Drums “Percussion” Instrument Role: Rhythm
- 18. Piano Role: Supply Harmony (Chords)
- 19. Banjo/Guitar Role: Supply Harmony (Chords) Banjo is louder, suitable for larger bands Guitar is softer, suitable for intimate settings.
- 20. Banjo & Guitar
- 21. Dixieland Jazz Format Collective Improvisation • Trumpet played the melody • Clarinet created ornate passages around the trumpet • Trombone created fancy bass line • Rhythm Section supplies rhythm, chords, bass line
- 22. Dixieland New Orleans Style was mostly collective improvisation Everyone Played all the Time, except for short breaks (two Bar) Collective Improvisation (ODJB) Modern Collective Improvisation
- 23. Original Dixieland Jass Band (ODJB) First Jazz Recording 1917, “Dixieland Jass Band One-Step” & “Livery Stable Blues” From New Orleans, Played in Chicago, Recorded in New York Traveled to London & Europe Styles Changed While They Were Gone
- 24. ODJB “Dixieland Jass Band One-Step”
- 25. ODJB
- 26. ODJB
- 27. New Orleans Musicians Joe “King” Oliver, Trumpet, Band Leader King of Trumpet in New Orleans Moved to Chicago in 1918 Mentor to Louis Armstrong Creole Jazz Band Recorded in 1923
- 28. King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band
- 29. New Orleans Musicians Kid Ory, Trombone, Band Leader 1st African-American Jazz Band to Record, 1921 in Los Angeles Joined King Oliver’s Band in Chicago
- 30. New Orleans Musicians Jelly Roll Morton, Piano, Band Leader, Composer, Arranger His Band: The Red Hot Peppers 1st Important Jazz Composer
- 32. Louis “Satchmo” Armstrong 1st Important Jazz Soloist Broke Away From the 100% Collective Improvisation New Orleans Format International Reputation by the 1930s His Band: Hot Five & Hot Seven Developed Swinging 8th Note
- 33. Louis Armstrong & His Hot Five “Muskrat Ramble”
- 34. Louis Armstrong Able to construct Solos for Trumpet by itself “West End Blues”
- 35. Louis Armstrong 1st Jazz Singer Influenced many singers 1st Recorded “Scat Singer”
- 36. Louis Armstrong Scat Singing: using vocables, instead of words, to improvise with the voice “Scat-De-Dat”
- 37. Louis Armstrong Followed King Oliver as #1 New Orleans Trumpet Player (1918-1922) 1922 Chicago as 2nd Trumpet in Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band 1924 New York with Fletcher Henderson’s Band
- 38. Louis Armstrong 1925 Returned to Chicago (Hot Five) 1930s Fronted Swing Band, Movies, Radio Late 1940s- led Dixieland Bands, Toured for State Department 1950-1971, Television, Movies, Pop Records
- 39. Louis Armstrong
- 40. Louis Armstrong By 1960 it would be difficult to find anyone in the world who did not know Louis Armstrong
- 41. Armstrong & Civil Rights Mvt. Considered by some an Uncle Tom Brown vs. Board of Education 1954 “Separate but Equal” 9-17-57 interview called President “two-faced” and “no guts” Eisenhower sent in paratroopers to Little Rock, AR to integrate the school 9-24-57
- 43. Chicago Style Jazz New Orleans Musicians in Chicago Influence Young European-American Musicians The Austin High Gang (Austin H.S.) Future Stars Begin Jazz Careers • Benny Goodman, Tommy Dorsey, Jimmy Dorsey, Gene Krupa
- 44. Chicago Style Jazz Amount of Collective Improvisation Decreases Importance of Improvised Solos Increases
- 45. Bix Beiderbecke (1903-1931) 1st Important European_American Jazz Soloist Trumpet/Cornet
- 46. Bix Beiderbecke Davenport Iowa (River Town) Went to Chicago Recorded in 1924 w/Wolverine Orchestra 1927 to New York w/Paul Whiteman Orchestra, the most important syncopated dance band in the country
- 47. Bix “Jazz Me Blues” New Orleans Lucky 7
- 48. Bix & Paul Whiteman Started in California moved to East Coast First Recording 1919 Known by Most Americans 1930-1950 Bix’s Drinking Problems Increased “San” Paul Whiteman
- 49. Bix Compared to Armstrong Louis Armstrong • Virtuoso, Full Brassy Hot Tone • High range • Exuberant Bix • Competent Player • “Cool” Tone • Normal Range • Introspective “Muskrat Ramble” “Jazz Me Blues”
- 50. Dixieland Today Dixieland Jazz has been “Popular” Since 1940s Still Around Today Costumes usually include Striped Vests, Arm Bands, Period Hats English Trad Jazz Bands Appeared on American Pop Charts 1962
- 51. Dixieland Today
- 52. Even High School Bands
- 53. Dixieland Format • Trumpet, Clarinet, Trombone & Rhythm Section • Melody with Collective Improvisation • Improvised Solos by Everyone • Collective Improv. Chorus at the End “Mustrat Ramble” Dukes of Dixieland
- 54. Dixieland: The Big Picture • 1st Style of Jazz • Originated in New Orleans • 1st Jazz Stars were from New Orleans • Dixieland bands were small combos
- 55. Dixieland: The Big Picture p2 • Swing Style Replaced Dixieland in the 1930s • Dixieland Experienced Renewed Popularity in the 1940s as an Alternative to Bop • Dixieland Bands Still Exist • Still Trumpet, Clarinet, Trombone & Rhythm Section