The document summarizes Portugal's establishment of a trade route to India in the 15th and 16th centuries. It details some of the main obstacles Portugal faced in reaching India, such as crossing treacherous capes and enduring long voyages. Key events included Vasco da Gama reaching India in 1498 and Portugal's subsequent conquest of important cities like Goa, Diu, and Damão to control trade. Portugal went on to establish the State of India and profit greatly from the spice trade route.

1. Erasmus +
«A message in a bottle»
Portugal
Iceland
Lithuania
Czech
Republic

2. The discovery of the sea
way to India
Commercial trades and relations with India

3. Interests of Portugal in India:
Portugal at the time aimed to develop its overseas territory and commerce. At the time
spices were super expensive, hard to get and highly sought after. These products were
brought to Europe by Muslim merchants making thousands of kilometers over land.
Furthermore, with the access to India, Portugal would be able to conquer new territories
in the Indian Ocean and get involved in many other commercial trades from China,
Alexandria, Japan etc.

4. Treaty of «Tordesilhas»
Signed for the kingdoms of Portugal and Castela (actual Spain) in
1494. This treaty was signed with the purpose of dividing the unknown world
between this 2 kingdoms. So, with the permition of the Pope Portugal and Spain
started the age discoveries.

5. Arrival to India
20 May 1498 was the day when the
Portuguese arrived to India, anchoring in the
city of Calecute
The Portuguese left Portugal in June 1497.
10 months later they´ve established the first
connection by sea between Europe and Asia.

6. MAIN PROBLEMS

7. Trespassing the «Cabo Bojador»
The reefs here were surrounded by
sharp edges, sinking many ships.
Finally, in 1433 Gil
Eanes did it, allowing
the Portuguese to cross
most part of the African
West coast. This,was one
of the main steps to
reach India
Gil Eanes

8. Trespassing the “Cabo das
Tormentas”
This was the hardest step
in the voyage to get to
India. The «cabo das
tormentas» was known
for his terrifying storms,
ma the sailors create
legends about a monster
that wouldn´t let them
pass. Many died Ater many years, in 1488
Bartolomeu Dias a Portuguese
sailor did it! This was the most
significant mark, to open the
doors to India.
Bartolomeu Dias

9. AFRICA IS PASSED
What do we do now?

10. Vasco da Gama
Vasco da Gama was a Portuguese navigator and explorer. In the Age of
Discoveries, he stood out for being the commander of the first ships to sail from
Europe to India, on the longest ocean voyage so far, superior to a complete tour of
the world through Ecuador. At the end of his life he was, for one brief period, Vice
king of India.

11. Discover of the sea way to India

12. PRINCIPAL CONQUERED CITIES

13. Goa
Portugal had the first connection with Goa in 1510and, in the same year, they
conquered her. Goa was different of all the other cities, having many temples,
monuments so Portugal decided to invest in this city.
In 1553, Portugal already owned1/5 of all the territory in Goa. In the 18th
century, the commerce was ruined due the defeats of the Portuguese army
against the Netherlands, making Brazil and Africa the main sources of wealth to
Portugal.
In 1961, Goa was invaded for the Union of India, becoming an Indian and not
Portuguese territory.

14. Diu
A very desired city for everyone, where the commerce was highly developed.
The Portuguese tried to conquer this city many times, not being sucessful. So
they just built a trade port where the trades didn´t go as well as predicted. But,
in 1535, Diu was offered to Portugal by the sultan Bahadur Xá of Guzerate,
who really appreciated the help of the Portuguese army to fight against the head
master of Deli.
Having now this land, Portugal built a castle that would survive to all the
following wars with the Sultan who tried to have the city back and later with
Arabia and the Netherlands.
Diu returned to the Indian Union in 1961

15. Damão
This Indian city was reached for the Portuguese in 1523.
In 1534, the Portuguese army in India was threatened for the Islamic
forces. So, in 1534 the Portuguese army invaded Damão to get all the
sources required to fight against the Islamic fleets.
In 1559, Damão was conquered , belonging to the Portuguese territory.

16. Portuguese State of India
Founded in 1505, it was a set of port cities and forts installed on the coast of
Africa and Asia, from the «Cabo da Boa Esperança» in the west to Moluccas,
Macau and Nagasaki in the east. The capital started to be Cochim, but in 1510 it
changed to Goa. The Portuguese State of Indida was governed for Vice Kings.

17. SPICE ROUTE
Comanded by the Portuguese

19. Monuments and constructions in Portugal
dated from the 15th and 16th century
Tower of Belém Monestry of Jerónimos

20. FUNNY FACTS

21. Adamastor
What is the “Adamastor»?
Adamastor is a mythical giant. It represents
the forces of nature against Vasco da Gama
in the form of a storm, threatening the ruin
of anyone who tried to turn the “Cabo da
Boa Esperança” and penetrate the Indian
Ocean, the alleged domains of Adamastor.

22. «OS LUSÍADAS»
In 1572, the writer Luís Vaz de Camões presents the most important, famous
book for Portugal. It tells all the main events of Portugal´s History, incluiding
the travel to India and the monster Adamastor.
Luís Vaz de Camões

23. “Cabo das Tormentas” and “Cabo da Boa Esperança”
This “Cabo” before being passed by Bartolomeu Dias, was called “Cabo das
Tormentas" due to the sailors who suffered giant storms (tormentas). After
passed, the king D. João called "Cabo da Boa Esperança" to give hope to the
Portuguese.

24. Discover of Brasil
Did you know that Brazil was discovered by Portugal in an attempting to reach
India?
In 1500, the sailor Pedro Álvares Cabral discovered this huge land, once that a
storm drove the ship away from the original route. What a stupid way to find a
new continent!
Pedro Álvares Cabral

25. The lack of resources
At the time, hygiene was something almost unknown compared to
nowadays. So, imagine how it would be being inside a ship for 10 months
straight. The food was very limited such as the water.
Many died in the voyages, being the main cause «escrobuto» a disease
provocated for the lack of C protein.
Disgutsing fact and not funny...

26. • https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goa
• https://pt.slideshare.net/EspaoEmrc/chegada-ndia-e-
descoberta-do-brasil-6948495
• https://pt.slideshare.net/marcostiago/8-chegada-ndia
• https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_da_%C3%8Dndia
• https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_da_%C3%8Dndia
• https://historiaoitavo.blogs.sapo.pt/17655.html
• https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_Lus%C3%ADadas

27. HOPE YOU LIKED IT AND
ENJOY THE REST OF THE
WEEK!