The document discusses plans for developing a town center in Montgomery Township, New Jersey. It outlines goals of establishing a sense of place and community through creating a cohesive mixed-use development with public spaces, active streets, and preservation of natural areas. Sustainability is also a priority, with plans for LEED-certified buildings, green roofs, permeable paving, and stormwater management.

1. Town Planning Research & Analysis Elizabeth Burns, Christopher Kearney, Gwendolyn Johnson, Anna Lavinia Schmitz LA4198 LA Design Studio VI • Spring 2009 • Professors Stuart Appel and Bess Wellborn M O N T G O M E R Y T O W N S H I P C E N T E R

2. Sense of Place Elements of a Successful Town Center Cohesive design creating a unique character Active Main Street Safe neighborhoods Beautiful public spaces Good circulation Practices sustainability Quality of Life Main Street, Amityville, NY http://www.gettyimages.com/Search/Search.aspx?contractUrl=2&language=en-US&family=creative& assetType=image&mt=photography&c=color&p=main%20street%20usa&src=standard#4 Neighborhood gathering place, Buffalo, NY http://www.planning.org/greatplaces/neighborhoods/2007/elmwoodvillage.htm Town parade in Sheridan, Wyoming http://www.planning.org/greatplaces/neighborhoods/2008/downtownsheridan.htm

3. Welcoming Identity Start with a sense of arrival Street banner in West Chester, PA http://www.haverford.com/docs/Haverford_Township_Comprehensive_Plan_Addendum_Report.pdf Entrance at Playa Vista Great Neighborhoods Gateway sign in Media, PA http://www.haverford.com/docs/Haverford_Township _Comprehensive_Plan_Addendum_Report.pdf Entrance at Playa Vista Great Planned Communities, ed. Jo Allen Gause The Urban Institute Gateway Arch http://www.planning.org/greatplaces/neighborhoods/2008/downtownsheridan.htm

4. Main Streets Human scale in a cohesive design with distinctive architecture Defined at the both ends Provides orientation to its users, and connects well to the larger pattern of ways Encourages human interactions and social activities Promotes safety of pedestrians and vehicles Offers a variety of interesting activities and uses that create a varied streetscape Sidewalk café in Gainesville, FL http://www.haverford.com/docs/Haverford_Township_Comprehensive_Plan_Addendum_Report.pdf Pedestrian crosswalk on Main Street http://www.woolpent.com/images/portofolio/ greentowncenter01.jpg

5. Mixed-use Offers a place to Live-Work-Shop-Play Should consist of a mix of commercial/retail, office/professional and residential uses Allows people to live close to recreation, entertainment and services Provides diversity and choice in services and accommodations Helps to contain urban sprawl and vehicular use Creates vibrancy in the town center throughout the day Mixed-use Main Street http://www.pasackvalleysoldhomesreport.com/image Mixed-use Main Street http://www.sawanee.com Mixed-use Main Street http://www.planning.org/greatplaces/streets/2008/washiingtonstreet.htm

6. Infilling Creates a dense and vibrant town center Helps to define the image and feel of the town center Capitalizes on existing community assets such as parks, infrastructure, shopping areas and public transportation Provides housing (both affordable and market value) near job centers and public transit Creates new community assets such as day care centers, art districts, neighborhoods and shopping areas Increases the productivity of underused property Decreases the need to develop on open space and agricultural land Example of infilling where the new structure fits into the site with the right scale and form of the neighboring structures http://www.tndhomes.com Before and after infilling Ellen, Jones D., and Williamson June. "Infill around a live mall." Map. Retrofitting Suburbia . Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons, 2009

7. Neighborhoods Promote socialization amongst diverse age groups and cultures Streets are narrow and tree-lined Pedestrian and bicycle friendly High-density housing Convenient shopping at locally owned businesses Common building forms and materials Relative safety and security Public spaces Established mass transportation Memorable character A variety of functional attributes that contribute to a resident’s day-to-day living (i.e. residential, commercial, or mixed-uses) Residential area http://www.redmon.com Tree covered sidewalks, Eastern Market, Washington, DC http://myapa.planning.org/greatplaces/neighborhoods/easternmarket.htm

8. Public Spaces Ferry Plaza Farmers Market at San Francisco, California http://www.ferrybuildingmarketplace.com/farmers_market.php Inverness Square at McKienzie Towne, Alberta, Canada Great Planned Communities, ed. Jo Allen Gause The Urban Institute Encourage human interaction Promote community involvement and ownership Reflect local identity and culture Safe and welcoming to all Relate to the surrounding land uses Are well maintained

9. Vehicular Circulation Design roadway width appropriate to intended speed of travel Promote safe and pleasant travel for all types of users Improve environmental impact of streets Provide public transportation options for community Allow for alternate routes Allow on-street parking supplemented by parking lots located behind the main street Traffic Calming Curb extensions Roundabouts Raised crosswalks Tree-lined streets Median islands Use of materials, i.e. cobblestone Narrower roadways Reduce speed limit Parking behind Main Street businesses http://www.planningorg/greatplaces/streets/ 2007/mainstreetnorthampton.htm Residential street with curb extensions in Portland, Oregon http://fam3.stati8670_f5b5babf6_o.jpg

10. Pedestrian Circulation Pedestrian walkways connect residential neighborhoods, town center, and public open spaces Dense development promotes greater potential for walking Provide ample sidewalk width in relation to frequency and density of use Short blocks allow for quicker routes One mile walk in sprawling development http://www.walkscore.com/walkableneighborhoods.shtml One mile walk in dense development http://www.walkscore.com/walkableneighborhoods.shtml A pedestrian-friendly street in Atlanta, Georgia http://www.flickr.com/photos/ironchapman/339261944/

11. Sustainability Stormwater BMPs minimize land disturbance and runoff, recharge aquifers, preserve water quality restoring the ecological hydrologic balance Street trees, green roofs and green networks clean pollutants from the air, minimize the heat island effect and improve energy efficiency effectively reducing the carbon footprint Planters along the street convey, clean and infiltrate runoff from NW 12 Avenue In Portland, Oregon. http://www.asla.org/awards/2006/06winners/341.html Smart Growth Principles engage sustainability in the town planning process utilizing inherent ecological processes and stormwater best management practices (BMPs) and materials

12. Low-Impact Development Eco-based watershed approach Protects and expands the natural surface drainage Treatment Train: incorporates surface drainage and infiltration in concert with stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Restored Prairie surrounding residences as first step in stormwater train at Prairie Creek, Gray’s Lake, Illinois http://www.prairiecrossing.com/pc/site/index.html At Prairie Creek, a four step treatment train conveys runoff through vegetated swales, restored prairies and stormwater wetlands to a constructed lake removing 90% pollutants and solids, decreasing stormwater volume and increasing infiltration

13. Stormwater Management Connecting and integrating regional and neighborhood systems As a resource to replenish urban streams and balance hydrology As an amenity — environmentally, culturally, artistically and socially Enhancing urban spatial patterns Restoring natural functions Heritage Park, Minnesota Gerling, c. & Keller, R., Skinny Streets and Green Neighborhoods At Heritage Park, a greenway utilizes stormwater gardens to link neighborhoods divided by a heavily traveled roadway Mount Tabor Middle School Rain Garden, Portland, Oregon Kevin Robert Perry, ASLA http://www.asla.org/awards/2007/07winners/517_nna.html

14. Stormwater BMP Bioswales and infiltration basins Infiltration planters and rain gardens Eco and green roofs Trees and vegetation Cisterns Pervious pavement, concrete, asphalt, pavement blocks and turf blocks Bioswale intercepting and infiltrating stormwater from adjacent parking lot http://www.portlandonline.com/bes/index.cfm?c=43110&

15. Energy Efficiency Generate energy: Solar panels Passive and active solar systems Wind turbines Conserve energy: Green roofs Trees Green buildings Solar panel array over a parking lot reduces heat island effect as well as collecting energy Green roof, Robertson Building, Toronto http://www.flickr.com/photos/horticulturaltherapystudent/864775470/page2/

16. Montgomery Township Region Mid-Atlantic region of USA Central New Jersey, approximately halfway between New York City, NY and Philadelphia, PA and within commutable distance to both In southern Somerset County, just north of Princeton, NJ

17. Montgomery Township Region History: Leni Lenape lands until European settlers 1688 Somerset County established 1702 Montgomery Township established by Dutch and English people from New Amsterdam (future New York City) Rocky Hill is oldest town in Montgomery Township 1927 Route 206 built Primarily agricultural until land became more valuable than crops; housing boom after WWII 1872 map of Montgomery Township

18. Montgomery Township Region Population Growth: mid 1900’s = 2,350 1970 = 5,103 2000 = 17,481 2007 = 23,023 School district rating is very high. The property taxes are also high, so once children graduate from high school many families leave the area Estimated median household income in 2007: $83,578 (it was $67,346 in 2000) Princeton: $83,578 New Jersey: $67,035 Estimated median house or condo value in 2007: $760,424 (it was $338,700 in 2000) Princeton: $760,424 New Jersey: $372,300

19. Aspect: Solar Exposure Solar panels, Plaza Apartments roof, San Francisco, CA http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/446543194/ Solar panels are possible in Montgomery Township Rutgers University is installing an array of 7,200 solar panels to provide electricity for its Livingston campus http://www.city-data.com

20. Aspect: Temperature & Precipitation Great for growing vegetation Green Park, London http://www.flickr.com/photos/ugardener/2923476607/sizes/l/ http://www.city-data.com

21. Aspect: Wind Wind not consistent enough for typical U.S. wind turbines to be used New technologies are being developed for lesser wind capacities in Europe and could be available here soon Central London A pair of turbines were installed in early June 2008 at Workplace Development Center in Central London. The minimum wind speed required for these turbines is 4.5m/s. www.njcleanenergy.com/files/file/John_Halley.pdf http:www.quietrevolution.couk/projects.htm http://www.city-data.com

22. Regional Roads Approximately half-way between New York City and Philadelphia Near major interstates Located along a connector road between I-95 & I-287 M O N T G O M E R Y T O W N S H I P C E N T E R

23. Regional Amenities Currently available amenities in the surrounding region Princeton offers many amenities utilized by residents of Montgomery Township

24. Local Vehicular Traffic Route 206 is a heavily traveled thoroughfare bisecting the site. It is two lanes wide with turn lanes Route 518 is a major collector Orchard Road travels east/west at the top of the site Cherry Valley Road travels east/west at the bottom of the site M O N T G O M E R Y T O W N S H I P C E N T E R

25. Pedestrian & Bicycle & Bus Circulation Although there are pedestrian and bicycle pathways in the Township, few are in the site Bus only connects to Princeton; no other service is available to the site M O N T G O M E R Y T O W N S H I P C E N T E R Bicyclers meet Route 206

26. Open Spaces While there is open spaces throughout the Township, our site is lacking open spaces. Possible green connection between township-owned lands at the north of the site and the southwest of the site M O N T G O M E R Y T O W N S H I P C E N T E R

27. Vegetation Land around the site contains substantial tree coverage but very little within the site Substantial open space however much of it is disturbed through agriculture and use as sports fields M O N T G O M E R Y T O W N S H I P C E N T E R Open meadow field in Van Horne Park

28. Waterways & Critical Areas Creeks across the north and south ends of the site All soils are buildable except along waterways, in wetland zones and where slope exceeds 15% M O N T G O M E R Y T O W N S H I P C E N T E R

29. Water On The Site The intersection of Routes 206 and 518 are practically on a ridgeline that defines 2 watersheds: the Beden Brook and the Stony Brook-Millstone Watersheds. Making sure that water flowing off the site is well-filtered before entering the creeks is crucial to the health of the waterways Image of Beden Brook M O N T G O M E R Y T O W N S H I P C E N T E R

30. Zoning The majority of the lands along 206 are zoned highway commercial or research/ engineering/office The airport has a restricted zone overlay Overlay districts can be applied to strengthen the town center design M O N T G O M E R Y T O W N S H I P C E N T E R

31. What Is On The Site M O N T G O M E R Y T O W N S H I P C E N T E R Eating Establishments (14) Medical Offices (10) Health Food Store (1) Caterers (1) UPS Store (1) Liquor Store (1) Convenience Stores (5) Car Dealerships (5) Banks (4) Commercial Complexes (4) Beauty Salons/Nail Salons/Barbers (8) Auto Related (2) Clothing Stores (2) Home Furnishings (1) Pet Store (1) Health Clubs (2) Super Market (1) Movie Theater (1) Airport (1) Public Park (1) Cleaners (2) Shoe repair (1) Sport Store (1) There is a wide variety of independently owned stores on the site. There are few chain retail outlets.

32. Typical Office Parks Montgomery Commons Office Park and Medical Center located off of Route 206 Strip development along Route 206 with very wide setback and obscured view from road

33. Typical Commercial Strip development along Route 206 with very wide setback and obscured view from road Isolated buildings housing a few businesses with parking in front located along Route 206 One of many car dealerships along Route 206

34. Typical Residential Apartment complex along Princeton Avenue New high-end development house Duplex along Route 518 in Rocky Hill

35. Opportunities & Constraints M O N T G O M E R Y T O W N S H I P C E N T E R

52. Name? Site needs own identity Site is primarily 2 zip codes within Montgomery Township People south of Rt. 518 consider area Princeton People north of Rt. 518 consider area Skillman M O N T G O M E R Y T O W N S H I P C E N T E R

53. Future Possibilities A clearly defined, sustainable town center with memorable, unique character that offers a full array of amenities within walking distance, where people come together to live, work, socialize and build great memories

54. Master Plan and Center Green Design Elizabeth Burns, Christopher Kearney, Gwendolyn Johnson, Anna Lavinia Schmitz LA4198 LA Design Studio VI • Spring 2009 • Professors Stuart Appel and Bess Wellborn M O N T G O M E R Y T O W N S H I P C E N T E R

55. Establish sense of place Establish a sense of community Preserve and enhance value of natural landscape Establish Montgomery Township as a model of sustainable practices Goals Chestnut Hill, PA

56. Goals & Objectives Establish a sense of place Provide a sense of arrival Create a cohesive town center through scale, proportions and materials Develop a unique character with beautiful public spaces, active main streets and safe neighborhoods Pedestrian crosswalk on Main Street http://www.woolpent.com/images/portofolio/greentowncenter01.jpg Gateway Arch http://www.planning.org/greatplaces/neighborhoods/2008/downtownsheridan.htm Spring Flowers In Rocky Hill

57. Goals & Objectives Establish a sense of community Develop a mixed-use town center where residents can live, work, and play High density development where all amenities are within a reasonable walking distance and linked by a network of pedestrian walkways Provide a variety of public gathering spaces for large communal events such as festivals, farmers markets, and concerts Street Festival Princeton, NJ Strolling shoppers

58. Goals & Objectives Preserve agricultural heritage and enhance value of natural landscape Preserve open space intended for future development through high density development, transfer development rights, and farm preservation Restore and protect riparian zones by increasing vegetated quality of riparian buffer zone and implementing extensive stormwater management strategies Access to natural areas provides recreational and educational opportunities Image of Beden Brook Red barn at Orchard Road

59. Goals & Objectives Establish Montgomery Township as a model of sustainable practices All new construction is to be LEED certified or equivalent Green roofs in concert with solar panels on all buildings to reduce overall carbon footprint, reduce stormwater runoff and the heat island effect Reuse captured graywater for irrigation Utilize permeable paving materials to increase stormwater infiltration and capture runoff before it reaches local waterways Establish community gardens and promote locally grown food Community Gardens http://www.flickr.com/photos/wetgraphite/2464114637/ Green roof and Solar Panels

60. Land Use Plan Route 206 is divided through the town center creating separate north and southbound branches Implemented some of the previously proposed loop roads High density mixed-use town center Mixed-use retail/residential provides a transition to existing residential zones Connection to approved Montgomery Promenade has been incorporated with some alterations Expanded riparian buffer zones and preserved open space through transfer of development rights

61. Development Strategy Hierarchy of development serves to establish a high-density town center while embracing the agrarian history of the township Scale of buildings and density increases as one moves from the naturalized areas at the site boundaries to the developed center Reduces sprawl and preserves open spaces and ecologically sensitive areas within the site Transect Zones Great Planned Communities, ed. Jo Allen Gause The Urban Institute

62. Center Green is heart of the town plan Sustainable, walkable community with mixed-use development and range of housing options Retained many existing structures and infilled for greater density New structures are mixed-use and LEED certified or equivalent Master Plan

63. Building Heights Three-story buildings define the space at central plaza in the center green Building heights increase and space between buildings decreases as you move towards the town center Development within the fly zone is limited to one or two-stories Transect Zones Great Planned Communities, ed. Jo Allen Gause The Urban Institute

64. Building Use Plan Center green is surrounded by civic building and mixed-use Apartments are incorporated in the mixed-use adjacent to residential areas Area within fly zone is either office or commercial/office space Car dealership have been combined into an eco-industrial park Mixed use along Main street in Northampton, MA http://myapa.planning.org/ greatplaces/streets/main streetnorthampton.htm

65. Vehicular Circulation Route 206 is divided into two-lane northbound and southbound roads Route 518 remains a two-lane road which passes through the town center Minor collector streets provide alternative routes for local vehicular traffic

66. Route 206 Corridor Section Elevation of Route 206 Corridor

67. Route 206 Streetscape View of Streetscape looking south along Route 206 North

68. Secondary Road & Greenway Corridor Section Elevation of Greenway Corridor

69. Pedestrian Circulation Ample sidewalks line both sides of all roadways Pedestrian ‘greenways’ provide alternative routes Recreational pathways link town center with outer lying recreational areas Raised path through wetland http://www.simonecollins.com/

70. Pedestrian Walkways Section Elevation of Pedestrian Walk Pedestrian walkway in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania

71. Site Drainage Bio-infiltration Garden http://www3.villanova.edu/vusp/images/bmps/bio_traffic/T_island.jpg All parking is permeable and all buildings have green roofs Through the site there are various sized bio-infiltration swales/gardens for collecting and filtering runoff Cisterns utilized under large green in town center; water will be reused for irrigation

72. Master Plan Detail: Center Green

73. Spatial Comparisons Independence Hall Park Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Rittenhouse Square Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Nassau Street between Chamber & Vandeventer Princeton, New Jersey

74. Center Green Amphitheater Solar Sculpture Center Oval Civic Building Community Open Space Rain Gardens Water Spout Fountain The Crescent

75. Amphitheater Section Elevation of Amphitheater at North End of Center Green Columns at entrance of Playa Vista Great Planned Communities, ed. Jo Allen Gause The Urban Institute Stage Performance www.gettyimage.com Grassy Slope Sitting Area of Amphitheater

76. Solar Sculpture Solar sculpture at Zwickau University of Applied Sciences http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5f/Copped_version_of_Zwickau_Solar_Panel_Installation.PNG/ Sculptural solar panels at Adelaide Festival Hall, Australia http:// http://www6.worldisround.com/photos/29/295/346_o.jpg

77. Center Oval View of Center Oval from outside the Civic Building

78. Water Spouts Plaza View from cross street facing north Child-safe interactive fountain Rain Gardens

79. Crescent Plaza & Roof Garden Supple Structures in Step with The Wind by Makoto Sei Watanabe Amidon, Jane. Radical Landscapes: Reinventing Outdoor Space Roof Garden Osmundson, Theodore.Roof Gardens. New York: Newton 1999/

80. Parking Options Open parking lots Street Parking Parking Structure

81. Site Materials Brick eco-paver Light grey pea gravel Cobblestone Belgium block curbs Ornamental crosswalks

82. Site Furnishings Bike rack http://www.flickr.com/photos/16nine/573578232/ Sitting Bench Sitting Bench Trash can adorned with art http://www.on6thave.com/publicart/ann_meersman.jpg

83. Plant Palette Plants native to the Piedmont region Able to thrive in a range of cultural conditions Provide habitat and food for local animal, bird, and insect population Ornamental qualities throughout the seasons Magnolia virginiana http://www.flickr.com/photos/lifeoncanvas/2555138340// Calycanthus floridus http://www.flickr.com/photos/angelslens/129775746/ /

84. Implementation Community Involvement Hold public meetings for community feedback and ideas Brain storm for town center names Development Priorities Adjust approved Montgomery Promenade design to accommodate new south-bound 206 branch Install new south-bound 206 branch Establish Center Green with new Civic Building Develop other areas as possible

85. Conclusion Town Center Master Plan has established: A sense of place Strong community Preservation of natural landscape and agricultural heritage The standard for sustainable development in Montgomery Township

86. Appendices

87. Plant Palette Quercus phellos http://www.huntersville.org/interactive%20ordinance/IMAGES/WillowOak.jpg / Acer rubrum http://extension.osu.edu/~news/files/AB.jpg Street Trees Latin Name Acer rubrum Fraxinus pennsylvanica Quercus bicolor Quercus phellos Quercu rubra Common Name Red Maple Green Ash Swamp White Oak Willow Oak Red Oak Notes Wet soil tolerant Salt and wet soil tolerant Salt and wet soil tolerant Salt tolerant Salt tolerant

88. Plant Palette Cornus sericea http://www.flickr.com/ photos/noelzialee/3 91233201/ Bio-infiltration Gardens Latin Name Amelanchier laevis Betula nigra Magnolia virginiana Calycanthus floridus Clethra alnifolia Cornus sericea Cephalanthus occidentalis Ilex glabra Ilex verticillata Lindera benzoin Myrica pensylvanica Viburnum dentatum Asclepias incarnata Athyrium felix-femina Caltha palustris Eupatorium maculatum Helenium autumnale Helianthus angustifolius Juncus effusus Lobelia cardinalis Matteuccia struthiopteris Monarda didyma Panicum virgatum Rudbeckia fulgida Thelypteris palustris Common Name Serviceberry River Birch Sweet Magnolia Sweetshrub Summersweet Red Osier Dogwood Buttonbush Inkberry Holly Winterberry Holly Spicebush Bayberry Arrowwood Swamp Milkweed Lady Fern Marsh Marigold Joe-Pye Weed Sneezeweed Swamp Sunflower Common Rush Cardinal Flower Ostrich Fern Bee Balm Switch Grass Black-eyed Susan Marsh Fern Notes Salt and wet soil tolerant Salt and wet soil tolerant Salt and wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Salt and wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Salt and wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Salt and wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Moist soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Moist soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Cephalanthus occidentalis http://www.flickr.com/photos/28950980@N05/2784759671/

89. Plant Palette Matteuccia struthiopteris http://www.flickr.com/photos/plussed/503819132// Bio-infiltration Swales Latin Name Caltha palustris Carex lurida Juncus effusus Lobelia cardinalis Lobelia siphilitica Matteuccia struthiopteris Onoclea sensibilis Osmunda regalis Scirpus cyperinus Common Name Marsh Marigold Shallow Sedge Common Rush Cardinal Flower Great Blue Lobelia Ostrich Fern Sensitive Fern Royal Fern Woolgrass Notes Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Wet soil tolerant Juncus effusus http://www.flickr.com/photos/nandoonline/2585481572/ Infiltration along roadways http://www.asla.org/awards/2006/06winners/341.html

90. Plant Palette Sedum alba http://www.westernpawildflowers.com/html/Species.asp?SPID=904&LET= Extensive Green Roofs Latin Name Allium schoenoprasum Allium cernuum Sedum alba Sedum divergens Sedum gracile Sedum griseum Sedum lanceolatum Sedum oreganum Sedum reflexum Sedum sarmentosum Sedum sexangulare Sedum sieboldii Sedum telephioides Talinum calycinum Talinum parvifolium Talinum rugosperum Common Name Wild Chives Nodding Onion Stonecrop Stonecrop Stonecrop Stonecrop Stonecrop Stonecrop Stonecrop Stonecrop Stonecrop Stonecrop Stonecrop Fame Flower Fame Flower Fame Flower Notes Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Sedum telephioides http://nouveaufauves.files.wordpress.com/2007/09/allegheny-stonecrop-sedum-65.jpg Sedum gracile http://www.greenroofplants.com/ Talinum calycinum http://www.banwnursery.co.uk/images/Allium%20cernuum%202.jpg

91. Data Calculations Building Area Pre-development -Existing Buildings 1,258,013 sq. ft. Post-development -Existing Buildings 988,898 sq. ft. -Proposed Buildings 2,454,942 sq. ft. Total 3,443,840sq. ft. Parking Area Pre-development -Existing Parking Lots 1,669,960 sq. ft . Post-development -Parking Lots 1,988,898 sq. ft. -Parking Structures 208,132 sq. ft . - Street Parking 262,861 sq. ft. Total 1,723,809 sq. ft.

92. Data Calculations Impervious Area Pre-development -Buildings 836,325 sq. ft. -Streets 2,100,525 sq. ft. Total 2,936,850 sq. ft. Pervious Surface Area Pre-development -Open Space 8,387,125 sq. ft. Total 8,387,125 sq. ft. Impervious Area Post-development -Buildings 1,797,592. sq. ft. -Streets 844,371 sq. ft. Total 2,641,963 sq. ft. Pervious Surface Area Post-development -Parking 1,515,667 sq. ft. -Open Space 7,166,335 sq. ft. Total 8,682,012 sq. ft.

93. Data Calculations Building Uses Post-development -Commercial/Parking Structure 344,660 sq. ft. -Commercial/Office 1,605,071 sq. ft. -Commercial/Residential 541,424 sq. ft. -Commercial Only 319,441 sq. ft -Office Only 578,008 sq. ft -Residential Only 55,236 sq. ft Total 3,443,840 sq. ft.

94. Eco-Industrial Parks An eco-industrial park (EIP) is a community of manufacturing and service businesses seeking enhanced environmental and economic performance through collaboration in managing environmental and resource issues, including energy, water, and materials The goal of an EIP is to improve the economic performance of the participating companies while minimizing their environmental impact

95. Overlay Districts An overlay district is an additional zoning requirement that is placed on a geographic area but does not change the underlying zoning Created to protect natural resources, promote safety, and protect health Some examples of overlay districts are: Airport Overlay District Wind Energy System Overlay District Wireless Communication Facilities Overlay District Floodplain Overlay District Agricultural Overlay District Aquifer Protection Overlay District Commercial Area Overlay District

96. Parking Strategies Reverse Angle Parking in Town Center Improved visibility and increased field of vision Fewer collisions with vehicles and cyclists Improved safety for bicyclist and children Safer loading and unloading of vehicles Requires less space than traditional angle parking Parallel Parking along Primary and Secondary Streets Parking Structures Parking structures with first floor retail in den Parking Lots Parking structures with first floor retail in den Shared Parking

97. Spot Elevations