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IN: Green Infrastructure and Low Impact Development
- 1. Green Infrastructure andLow Impact Development in Northwest Indiana Conservation Design Forum | Northwestern Indiana Regional Planning Commission USEPA | Northwest Indiana MS4 Community Partnership
- 10. Two out ofevery three people in the world will be facing water shortages by 2025…global conflict will inevitably result… United Nations
- 11. Low Impact Developmentis a planning approach that • concentrates site development on areas least sensitive to disturbance • uses distributed, on-site stormwater best management practices (BMPs) to emulate natural hydrology, reduce runoff, and improve water quality. • BMPs can be simple, nonstructural, low-tech, and low cost (e.g., vegetation), more complex when necessary • helps address: wet weather flows, Combined Sewer Overflows, National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permits, Total Maximum Daily Load permits, and Nonpoint Source Pollution Program goals. • can be applied to almost any element of the developed landscape—buildings, yards, driveways, roads, walkways, open
- 12. What kinds ofstrategies are used? • Conserving open space and protecting streams, wetlands, and wet soils • Reducing the use (and cost) of pipes, detention ponds, curbs and gutters, mass site clearing and grading, and paving • Reducing and disconnecting impervious surfaces (roads, sidewalks, rooftops) • Preserving and using the natural topography and drainage features of the landscape, as well as some engineered systems, to manage stormwater, such as…
- 13. Examples of stormwaterBMPs • Natural landscape systems • Green roofs • Bioswales and rain gardens • Permeable paving • Rain barrels and cisterns • Naturalized retention
- 14. Low Impact Development Benefits Cost Implications • Preserves and • Reduces regulatory integrates open space burden (mitigation, stormwater mgt) • Creates / preserves naturalized drainage • Reduces site grading systems and infrastructure costs • Improves aesthetic • Reduces engineering views costs • Protects water quality • Increases approval time / cost • Minimizes changes to the natural hydrologic cycle (less flooding) • Increases property value
- 15. Create Conditions toSupport Low Impact Development • Establish local commitment and support • Policies, funding, incentives, practices, standards, rules, codes and regulations must point in the same direction to create the right conditions for implementation • Stormwater management, drainage and detention • Natural area protection and management • Landscaping • Parking and transportation • Zoning and subdivision standards • Block and lot dimensions and setbacks • Street and sidewalk dimensions •Development density, lot yield, and ‘bulk’
- 16. How are thesepractices integrated into development? Site Design
- 17. Site Design “FirstPrinciples” • Identify and protect natural features and open space early • Use site topography and natural drainage patterns to guide site layout and stormwater management • Use the natural landscape and engineered, naturalized drainage and detention BMPs to filter and infiltrate stormwater on site • Reduce the impervious area of development • Allow flexibility in lot size, street, block, and lot layout • Calculate site yield based on developable space— the total site area minus floodplains, wetlands, waterways, steep slopes, natural areas… • Concentrate built areas in a range of lot sizes and orientations to create views, privacy, and amenities for each home
- 18. Site Boundary Wetlands Floodplain Soils Vegetation Step 1: Identify sensitive areas
- 19. Wetlands, floodplain, remnant woodlands No limitations Hydric soils Site access Topography Step 2: Identify development and restricted areas
- 20. Step 3: Developsite plan
- 28. Permeable Green roofs Bioswales Level paving and spreaders rain gardens
- 30. Merry Lea EnvironmentalLearning Center, Wolf Lake, IN Water Landscape Rain Gardens Bioswales Pavement Base Native reuse
- 34. Conservation Design Templates Moderate-Density Residential
- 35. Moderate-Density Residential Conventional (90lots) Conservation (90 lots) • Wide roads • Narrower streets • No public open space • Integrated, naturalized stormwater • Storm sewers that discharge into system turf or rip-rap-lined detention basins • Public trails and open space • Views of naturalized open space
- 36. Native Landscaping Naturalized Detention Bioswale Vegetated Swale/ Rain Garden • Combined infrastructure & landscape cost 10% to 15% less than conventional template. • 50% less detention required.
- 37. Moderate Density Residential Conventional$3,350,000 ($37,600/lot) / Conservation $2,880,000 ($32,400/lot) $1,000,000 $900,000 $800,000 $700,000 $600,000 Conventional $500,000 Conservation $400,000 $300,000 $200,000 $100,000 $- 1. Site 2. Stormwater 3. Sanitary 4. Water 5. Site 6. Landscape Design Preparation1 Management Sewer Distribution Paving and Development Contingency2 Sidewalks
- 38. Conservation Design Templates Commercial / Industrial / Multi-Family
- 39. Commercial/Industrial/Multi-Family Green roof garden for second floor units Green roof garden for second floor units • Typical strip mall • “Main Street” retail setting • Two “big box” retail • “Big box” retail incorporates establishments green roof • Isolated outlet shops • Second floor mixed-use areas • Parking, landscaping, and • Parking areas feature detention according to code permeable paving, bioswales, and naturalized landscaping
- 40. Bioswale Naturalized Detention Green Roof Porous Pavement • Similar combined infrastructure and landscaping cost as conventional template. • Significant potential for additional commercial space. • 40% less detention required.
- 41. Conservation Design Templates Rural Residential
- 42. Rural Residential Conventional (22lots) Conservation Design (22 lots) • Cul-de-sac design • Narrow lane streets • Storm sewers discharge into • Naturalized stormwater detention detention basins • Naturalized landscaping • Walking and biking trails
- 43. Vegetated Naturalized Detention Swale Rain Garden Native Landscaping • Combined infrastructure and landscape cost 5% to 10% less than the conventional template. • 70% less detention required.
- 44. Rural Residential Conventional$1,570,000 ($71,000/lot) / Conservation $1,470,000 ($67,000/lot) $700,000 $600,000 $500,000 $400,000 Conventional Conservation $300,000 $200,000 $100,000 $- ks y n t n t m er en en nc io tio iu w al at em m ge Se m u w ar rib op e de tin ag ep Pr ry st l ve Si n an ta Di Pr d Co De d ni n rM er an la te Sa n et at e Si g te g ap si W W 3. in wa 1. De sc v d 4. Pa m e nd ct or La ru St te st Si 6. 2. n Co 5.
- 45. Low Impact Development AComparison of Two Different Land Plans in Arkansas Projected Results From Total Development Total Site Conventional Plan Sustainable Plan Lot Yield 358 375 Linear Feet Street 21,770 21,125 Linear Feet Collector Street 7,360 0 Linear Feet Drainage Pipe 10,098 6,733 Drainage Structures 103 79 Inlets/Boxes/Headwalls Estimated Total Cost $4,620,600 $3,942,100 Estimated Cost per Lot $12,907 $10,512 Actual Results from First Phase of Development Phase 1 Conventional Plan Sustainable Plan (Engineer's Estimate) (Actual Figures) Lot Yield 63 72 Total Cost $1,028,544 $828,523 Total Cost Per Lot $16,326 $11,507
- 46. Low Impact Development AComparison of Two Different Land Plans in Arkansas Economic and Other Benefits From Low Impact Development Higher Lot Yield 17 additional lots Higher Lot Value $3,000 more per lot over competition Lower Cost Per Lot $4,800 less cost per lot Enhanced Marketability 80 percent of lots sold in first year Added Amenities 23.5 acres of green-space/parks Recognition National, state, and professional groups Total Economic Benefit More than $2,200,000 added to profit