Economics of Cocoa,Profitability of Cocoa Farming in West Africa,What is the greatest threat to the cocoa supply?The R4D Context,Sustainable Tree Crops Development Alliance and Program,Synergies of the Partnership
The document provides statistics on Ireland's economy and its relationship with the EU from 1960 to 2005. Key metrics shown include Ireland's GDP per capita increasing sharply from 1960 to 2005, high employment rates from 1996 to 2005 for both males and females, unemployment rates generally lower than the EU average, government debt as a percentage of GDP declining after peaking in the late 1990s, and Ireland typically running budget deficits smaller than the EU limit.
Russian M&A - Cross-Border OpportunitiesAalto Capital
Aalto Capitalilla on ilo kutsua Teidät Venäjä-aiheiseen aamuun. Tilaisuudessa pureudumme Venäjän talouden näkymiin talouskriisin jälkeen ja saamme paikallisen toimijan näkemyksen Venäjän yrityskauppamarkkinasta. Eduskunnan ajankohtaiset terveiset tulee kertomaan kansanedustaja Ilkka Kanerva.
Ravintola Savoy, Salikabinetti
20. toukokuuta 2010 klo 08:30 – 10:30
1) Kvaerner reported several important contract awards in the first quarter of 2012, including two jackets, an onshore EPCM contract, and a topside. Tendering activity remained high.
2) Key financial figures for the quarter included revenues of NOK 3.9 billion, EBITDA of NOK 249 million, and an order backlog of NOK 10.8 billion.
3) Operationally, Kvaerner continued work on several offshore projects including jackets for Nordsee Ost and the nearing completion of the Ekofisk jackets. Engineering also progressed on the Martin Linge and Edvard Grieg projects.
This document provides a summary of a panel discussion on the precious metals market outlook:
- The platinum market is currently in surplus but rising mining costs and an improving automotive sector outlook should support prices. South Africa remains the primary platinum producer.
- ETF investment has absorbed over 300,000 ounces of platinum so far in 2010, augmenting demand by around 15%. Speculative platinum positions on NYMEX reached a record in mid-April.
- Emission control demand, particularly from China's growing automotive sector, remains key to platinum demand. Jewelry is the second largest end-use. Palladium benefits more than platinum from China's automotive growth given gasoline
- Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) is an Indian multinational engaged in technology, engineering, construction, manufacturing and financial services with global operations.
- In Q3 FY13, L&T reported order inflows growth of 14% and order book growth of 11% compared to same period last year. Net sales grew 10% while EBITDA grew 8% for Q3 FY13.
- For 9M FY13, order inflows were up 22% at Rs. 601 billion while order book was up 11% at Rs. 1,623 billion compared to same period last year. Net sales grew 17% to Rs. 405.80 billion for 9M
The document summarizes key elements of a water profile for the Canadian forest products industry, including:
1) Forest and forest management operations account for the vast majority of water usage, though precise estimates are challenging given the industry's broad landscape.
2) Pulp and paper manufacturing accounts for most industrial water usage, estimated through mass balance calculations, with over 90% of water inputs returned to surface water systems.
3) The entire Canadian forest products industry uses approximately 0.3% of the total freshwater produced annually through managed forests.
The document provides statistics on Ireland's economy and its relationship with the EU from 1960 to 2005. Key metrics shown include Ireland's GDP per capita increasing sharply from 1960 to 2005, high employment rates from 1996 to 2005 for both males and females, unemployment rates generally lower than the EU average, government debt as a percentage of GDP declining after peaking in the late 1990s, and Ireland typically running budget deficits smaller than the EU limit.
Russian M&A - Cross-Border OpportunitiesAalto Capital
Aalto Capitalilla on ilo kutsua Teidät Venäjä-aiheiseen aamuun. Tilaisuudessa pureudumme Venäjän talouden näkymiin talouskriisin jälkeen ja saamme paikallisen toimijan näkemyksen Venäjän yrityskauppamarkkinasta. Eduskunnan ajankohtaiset terveiset tulee kertomaan kansanedustaja Ilkka Kanerva.
Ravintola Savoy, Salikabinetti
20. toukokuuta 2010 klo 08:30 – 10:30
1) Kvaerner reported several important contract awards in the first quarter of 2012, including two jackets, an onshore EPCM contract, and a topside. Tendering activity remained high.
2) Key financial figures for the quarter included revenues of NOK 3.9 billion, EBITDA of NOK 249 million, and an order backlog of NOK 10.8 billion.
3) Operationally, Kvaerner continued work on several offshore projects including jackets for Nordsee Ost and the nearing completion of the Ekofisk jackets. Engineering also progressed on the Martin Linge and Edvard Grieg projects.
This document provides a summary of a panel discussion on the precious metals market outlook:
- The platinum market is currently in surplus but rising mining costs and an improving automotive sector outlook should support prices. South Africa remains the primary platinum producer.
- ETF investment has absorbed over 300,000 ounces of platinum so far in 2010, augmenting demand by around 15%. Speculative platinum positions on NYMEX reached a record in mid-April.
- Emission control demand, particularly from China's growing automotive sector, remains key to platinum demand. Jewelry is the second largest end-use. Palladium benefits more than platinum from China's automotive growth given gasoline
- Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T) is an Indian multinational engaged in technology, engineering, construction, manufacturing and financial services with global operations.
- In Q3 FY13, L&T reported order inflows growth of 14% and order book growth of 11% compared to same period last year. Net sales grew 10% while EBITDA grew 8% for Q3 FY13.
- For 9M FY13, order inflows were up 22% at Rs. 601 billion while order book was up 11% at Rs. 1,623 billion compared to same period last year. Net sales grew 17% to Rs. 405.80 billion for 9M
The document summarizes key elements of a water profile for the Canadian forest products industry, including:
1) Forest and forest management operations account for the vast majority of water usage, though precise estimates are challenging given the industry's broad landscape.
2) Pulp and paper manufacturing accounts for most industrial water usage, estimated through mass balance calculations, with over 90% of water inputs returned to surface water systems.
3) The entire Canadian forest products industry uses approximately 0.3% of the total freshwater produced annually through managed forests.
The document introduces the Start Up and FB angel investments club. It provides details on upcoming events including an event on August 4th where startup founders can pitch their ideas to angel investors to obtain funding. Information is also provided on past events where various startups pitched and some secured funding from angel investors. Contact details are given to learn more.
Georgia College and State University's Global Citizenship SymposiumWorldwatch Institute
See Nourishing the Planet’s latest powerpoint presentation at the Georgia College and State University's Global Citizenship Symposium. Project director Danielle Nierenberg discussed the connection between sustainable agriculture and public health.
This document discusses global energy trends and alternatives to petroleum. It notes that global population and energy demand are rising rapidly. While unconventional oil and biofuels can help meet growing demand, they face challenges around environmental impacts, resource constraints, and high costs. Electricity and natural gas are also discussed as alternatives, but electricity generation is still heavily reliant on coal and natural gas. Significant technological advances and infrastructure build-outs would be needed for alternatives to fully replace petroleum on a large scale.
Objective Capital Precious Metals, Diamonds and Gemstones Investment Summit
Focus on Gold: Challenges of gold mining in the US – reopening the Drumlummon Mine in Montana
20 May 2010
by David Wilson - Societe Generale
Nuclear power currently provides about 13.5% of the world's electricity and this share is projected to grow in the coming decades, according to the IAEA. While the Fukushima accident has led some countries to slow planned expansions, most regions like Asia expect continued growth in nuclear capacity. The IAEA estimates the number of operating reactors will increase by 90-350 by 2030 compared to current levels, with China and India remaining major centers of expansion. Factors like rising energy demand, climate change concerns, and energy security continue to support increased use of nuclear power.
This document contains a floor plan and door/window elevations for a residential project. The floor plan shows the dimensions of rooms labeled D1, D2, D3, W1, W2, and V1. It also indicates the number of doors, windows, and other features. The door/window elevations provide additional dimensional details for external doors and windows, including notes about dimensions and construction details.
The document is AREVA's 2009 annual results presentation. It summarizes AREVA's performance from 2005-2009, highlights its sustained growth in revenue and order book during this period, and outlines its strategic development plan and financial objectives for 2010-2012. AREVA aims to strengthen its global leadership in the nuclear power cycle, increase its presence in key markets, and improve the performance of its Transmission and Distribution division.
- The document provides details of the candidate's work experience, education, skills and research publications.
- It lists the candidate's positions at Dow Chemicals and Ansys Software as a senior research engineer and senior technical support respectively.
- The candidate holds a Ph.D from IIT Bombay and has published research on modeling of rotary cement kilns and coupled CFD-DEM simulations for two phase flows.
- Key skills include mathematical modeling using CFD, DEM and lower order models, FORTRAN programming and use of commercial simulation software.
This document provides a summary of results for JBS S.A. for 2012 and the fourth quarter of 2012. It includes the following key points in 3 sentences:
JBS reported consolidated net revenue of R$75.7 billion for 2012, a 22.5% increase over 2011, with EBITDA of R$4.4 billion, a 40% increase over 2011. For the fourth quarter of 2012, JBS reported net revenue of R$21.9 billion, a 29% increase over the same period in 2011, with EBITDA of R$1.17 billion, a 26% increase over 4Q11. Leverage decreased to 3.4x at the end of 2012 from 4
The document summarizes renewable energy and energy efficiency investment opportunities in Morocco. Morocco imports a large portion of its energy needs and aims to reduce its dependence on imports through developing renewable sources like wind and solar. Morocco has significant potential for wind and solar energy due to its unique location and climate. The country also has a goal of reducing energy consumption 12% by 2020 through national energy efficiency programs focused on industry, transport, and residential sectors.
The document summarizes trends in the CIS steel sector and its relationship to the EU steel market. It finds that the CIS, led by Russia, has a competitive advantage in low-cost steel production due to its access to raw materials. It exports semi-finished steel products to the EU, where they are further processed. This benefits both regions by allowing the CIS to utilize its production capabilities while the EU maintains its position in high-value manufacturing. The document argues that further upstream integration by CIS steelmakers and downstream development in the EU can strengthen the partnership between the two regions.
The document discusses the state of the solar market and the future of the California Solar Initiative (CSI). It summarizes REC Solar's capabilities and experience in the solar industry. It then analyzes total system costs, trends in solar capacity growth, and the CSI's impact on demand. Going forward, it says the market reaction to stabilized module prices and downstream efficiency gains will determine if additional deployment, policy changes, or technology improvements are needed to support continued demand.
1) CCR reported strong financial results in 2004 with increased traffic, revenues and margins across its concessions.
2) Looking forward, CCR sees growth opportunities from bidding on additional federal highway concessions and the large São Paulo state highway privatization program.
3) CCR maintains a conservative capital structure and dividend policy to support continued growth through new concessions.
- FCX reported a net loss of $13.9 billion for 4Q08 due to impairment charges of $17.6 billion related to lower copper and molybdenum prices and revised mine plans.
- To address current market conditions, FCX is aggressively reducing costs, capital spending, and volumes while preserving resources and growth opportunities.
- Despite near-term challenges, FCX's reserves increased by 12.8 billion pounds of copper to 102 billion pounds in 2008 due to exploration success, and the Phelps Dodge acquisition remains strategically and financially beneficial.
North zone-CFA Institute Research Challenge in Indiarsnnitjsr
Petronet LNG Ltd. is an Indian state-owned natural gas company that operates liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals and pipelines in India. It operates LNG terminals in Dahej, Gujarat and Kochi, Kerala with a total installed capacity of 19.5 MMTPA. It also has investments in solid cargo port facilities and is exploring direct marketing of natural gas. India faces a large and growing gap between its natural gas supply and demand that is projected to reach 335 MMSCMD by 2019-20, representing a major business opportunity for Petronet LNG.
PRIMARY STRUCTURAL STEELWORKS MEMBERS - WATER TREATMENT PLANTJames Halun
FABRICATION OF GALVANIZED CARBON-STEEL COMPONENTS
NEW STRUCTURAL STEELWORKS MEMBERS
TREATMENT BUILDING
GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS
ASSEMBLIES & SCHEMES
ELEVATIONS
SECTIONS
DETAILS
MEMBER DIAGRAMS
PARTS
MATERIAL LISTS
ADVANCED DATA REQUIREMENTS
Fabien Pinckaers is the CEO of Tiny, the company behind the open source ERP software OpenERP. OpenERP is a full-featured enterprise management software with 500 modules that provides accounting, CRM, sales management, manufacturing, and other functions. It has 80 employees, is self-financed and profitable. Pinckaers explains that OpenERP has achieved success through its open source business model, which allows for fast growth through a large community and low R&D costs, while still achieving profitability through services like support and custom development.
The document is the agenda for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Murphy Oil Corporation held on May 9, 2012. It includes presentations by David M. Wood, President and CEO of Murphy Oil, on the external environment facing the energy industry, an overview of Murphy's upstream and downstream portfolios, and conclusions. The agenda covers topics such as growing global population and energy demand, trends in global crude oil and natural gas supply and demand, and historical commodity prices.
The document discusses the differences between WebKit features and Safari browser chrome features. WebKit focuses on webpage content like frames, forms, and CSS, while the browser chrome includes interface elements like the URL bar and tabs. The document also provides a brief history of WebKit, noting that it originated from KHTML, and examples of using WebKit classes and frameworks in code for tasks like loading pages and accessing frames.
Vskills certification for Cocoa Programming Professional assesses the candidate as per the company’s need for application development for OS X operating system. The certification tests the candidates on various areas in object-oriented programming with objective-c, cocoa foundation kit, graphical user interfaces, windows, views, controls, custom views, event handling, models, data functionality, rich-text handling, printing and localization.
The document introduces the Start Up and FB angel investments club. It provides details on upcoming events including an event on August 4th where startup founders can pitch their ideas to angel investors to obtain funding. Information is also provided on past events where various startups pitched and some secured funding from angel investors. Contact details are given to learn more.
Georgia College and State University's Global Citizenship SymposiumWorldwatch Institute
See Nourishing the Planet’s latest powerpoint presentation at the Georgia College and State University's Global Citizenship Symposium. Project director Danielle Nierenberg discussed the connection between sustainable agriculture and public health.
This document discusses global energy trends and alternatives to petroleum. It notes that global population and energy demand are rising rapidly. While unconventional oil and biofuels can help meet growing demand, they face challenges around environmental impacts, resource constraints, and high costs. Electricity and natural gas are also discussed as alternatives, but electricity generation is still heavily reliant on coal and natural gas. Significant technological advances and infrastructure build-outs would be needed for alternatives to fully replace petroleum on a large scale.
Objective Capital Precious Metals, Diamonds and Gemstones Investment Summit
Focus on Gold: Challenges of gold mining in the US – reopening the Drumlummon Mine in Montana
20 May 2010
by David Wilson - Societe Generale
Nuclear power currently provides about 13.5% of the world's electricity and this share is projected to grow in the coming decades, according to the IAEA. While the Fukushima accident has led some countries to slow planned expansions, most regions like Asia expect continued growth in nuclear capacity. The IAEA estimates the number of operating reactors will increase by 90-350 by 2030 compared to current levels, with China and India remaining major centers of expansion. Factors like rising energy demand, climate change concerns, and energy security continue to support increased use of nuclear power.
This document contains a floor plan and door/window elevations for a residential project. The floor plan shows the dimensions of rooms labeled D1, D2, D3, W1, W2, and V1. It also indicates the number of doors, windows, and other features. The door/window elevations provide additional dimensional details for external doors and windows, including notes about dimensions and construction details.
The document is AREVA's 2009 annual results presentation. It summarizes AREVA's performance from 2005-2009, highlights its sustained growth in revenue and order book during this period, and outlines its strategic development plan and financial objectives for 2010-2012. AREVA aims to strengthen its global leadership in the nuclear power cycle, increase its presence in key markets, and improve the performance of its Transmission and Distribution division.
- The document provides details of the candidate's work experience, education, skills and research publications.
- It lists the candidate's positions at Dow Chemicals and Ansys Software as a senior research engineer and senior technical support respectively.
- The candidate holds a Ph.D from IIT Bombay and has published research on modeling of rotary cement kilns and coupled CFD-DEM simulations for two phase flows.
- Key skills include mathematical modeling using CFD, DEM and lower order models, FORTRAN programming and use of commercial simulation software.
This document provides a summary of results for JBS S.A. for 2012 and the fourth quarter of 2012. It includes the following key points in 3 sentences:
JBS reported consolidated net revenue of R$75.7 billion for 2012, a 22.5% increase over 2011, with EBITDA of R$4.4 billion, a 40% increase over 2011. For the fourth quarter of 2012, JBS reported net revenue of R$21.9 billion, a 29% increase over the same period in 2011, with EBITDA of R$1.17 billion, a 26% increase over 4Q11. Leverage decreased to 3.4x at the end of 2012 from 4
The document summarizes renewable energy and energy efficiency investment opportunities in Morocco. Morocco imports a large portion of its energy needs and aims to reduce its dependence on imports through developing renewable sources like wind and solar. Morocco has significant potential for wind and solar energy due to its unique location and climate. The country also has a goal of reducing energy consumption 12% by 2020 through national energy efficiency programs focused on industry, transport, and residential sectors.
The document summarizes trends in the CIS steel sector and its relationship to the EU steel market. It finds that the CIS, led by Russia, has a competitive advantage in low-cost steel production due to its access to raw materials. It exports semi-finished steel products to the EU, where they are further processed. This benefits both regions by allowing the CIS to utilize its production capabilities while the EU maintains its position in high-value manufacturing. The document argues that further upstream integration by CIS steelmakers and downstream development in the EU can strengthen the partnership between the two regions.
The document discusses the state of the solar market and the future of the California Solar Initiative (CSI). It summarizes REC Solar's capabilities and experience in the solar industry. It then analyzes total system costs, trends in solar capacity growth, and the CSI's impact on demand. Going forward, it says the market reaction to stabilized module prices and downstream efficiency gains will determine if additional deployment, policy changes, or technology improvements are needed to support continued demand.
1) CCR reported strong financial results in 2004 with increased traffic, revenues and margins across its concessions.
2) Looking forward, CCR sees growth opportunities from bidding on additional federal highway concessions and the large São Paulo state highway privatization program.
3) CCR maintains a conservative capital structure and dividend policy to support continued growth through new concessions.
- FCX reported a net loss of $13.9 billion for 4Q08 due to impairment charges of $17.6 billion related to lower copper and molybdenum prices and revised mine plans.
- To address current market conditions, FCX is aggressively reducing costs, capital spending, and volumes while preserving resources and growth opportunities.
- Despite near-term challenges, FCX's reserves increased by 12.8 billion pounds of copper to 102 billion pounds in 2008 due to exploration success, and the Phelps Dodge acquisition remains strategically and financially beneficial.
North zone-CFA Institute Research Challenge in Indiarsnnitjsr
Petronet LNG Ltd. is an Indian state-owned natural gas company that operates liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals and pipelines in India. It operates LNG terminals in Dahej, Gujarat and Kochi, Kerala with a total installed capacity of 19.5 MMTPA. It also has investments in solid cargo port facilities and is exploring direct marketing of natural gas. India faces a large and growing gap between its natural gas supply and demand that is projected to reach 335 MMSCMD by 2019-20, representing a major business opportunity for Petronet LNG.
PRIMARY STRUCTURAL STEELWORKS MEMBERS - WATER TREATMENT PLANTJames Halun
FABRICATION OF GALVANIZED CARBON-STEEL COMPONENTS
NEW STRUCTURAL STEELWORKS MEMBERS
TREATMENT BUILDING
GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS
ASSEMBLIES & SCHEMES
ELEVATIONS
SECTIONS
DETAILS
MEMBER DIAGRAMS
PARTS
MATERIAL LISTS
ADVANCED DATA REQUIREMENTS
Fabien Pinckaers is the CEO of Tiny, the company behind the open source ERP software OpenERP. OpenERP is a full-featured enterprise management software with 500 modules that provides accounting, CRM, sales management, manufacturing, and other functions. It has 80 employees, is self-financed and profitable. Pinckaers explains that OpenERP has achieved success through its open source business model, which allows for fast growth through a large community and low R&D costs, while still achieving profitability through services like support and custom development.
The document is the agenda for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders of Murphy Oil Corporation held on May 9, 2012. It includes presentations by David M. Wood, President and CEO of Murphy Oil, on the external environment facing the energy industry, an overview of Murphy's upstream and downstream portfolios, and conclusions. The agenda covers topics such as growing global population and energy demand, trends in global crude oil and natural gas supply and demand, and historical commodity prices.
The document discusses the differences between WebKit features and Safari browser chrome features. WebKit focuses on webpage content like frames, forms, and CSS, while the browser chrome includes interface elements like the URL bar and tabs. The document also provides a brief history of WebKit, noting that it originated from KHTML, and examples of using WebKit classes and frameworks in code for tasks like loading pages and accessing frames.
Vskills certification for Cocoa Programming Professional assesses the candidate as per the company’s need for application development for OS X operating system. The certification tests the candidates on various areas in object-oriented programming with objective-c, cocoa foundation kit, graphical user interfaces, windows, views, controls, custom views, event handling, models, data functionality, rich-text handling, printing and localization.
Le Salon du Chocolat est le plus grand événement mondial consacré au chocolat et présent dans les plus grandes capitales du monde : Paris, New York, Tokyo, Moscou, Shanghai, Madrid, Le Caire, Marseille, Lyon, Cannes....
Slides de la présentation "Traduction automatique et intelligente d'applications Cocoa" de la session des CocoaHeads Rennais du 21 avril 2011. Présentation assurée par Olivier Halligon, créateur de Food Reporter.
Effets du commerce équitable auprès des communautés du Sud
Résultats de trois études de cas au Pérou et en République Dominicaine
Lise Duval, cabinet Oréade-Brèche
Paris cidade Luz é também a cidade do chocolate! O cacau acompanha a vida cotidiana dos Parisienses, do ''pain au chocolat'' de manhã à xícara de chocolate quente à tarde e à torta de chocolate no jantar.
É a cidade que possui o maior número de chocolaterias e docerias no mundo. Artesanal e refinado, o chocolate parisiense é o melhor e mais bonito presente que você pode oferecer ou receber! Saiba como apreciar o chocolate e conheça os endereços para comprar e degustá-lo em todas as suas formas! Para os amantes do chocolate: profissionais, amadores ou chocólatras. Você está convidado a participar de nossas palestras e ateliês no IFESP. Venha e traga seus amigos! Inscrição: http://www.ifesp.com.br/eventos-2
This document discusses the evolution of agricultural water management (AWM) in rainfed crop-livestock systems of the Volta Basin across Burkina Faso and Ghana. It finds that over 200,000 to 300,000 hectares have been restored through AWM strategies, yielding an extra 80,000 tons of food annually. However, the actual impact on livelihoods and the environment remains controversial, as investments have been found ineffective and degradation continues. The document concludes with recommendations to improve local capacity building, resource management, infrastructure management, and address knowledge gaps through integrated research on water-crop-livestock interactions, landscape approaches, and socio-economic studies.
The document contains data on targets and actuals over multiple weeks for different projects. It also includes waterfall charts showing performance against plan by week. The charts contain functions to automatically generate single and three-color waterfall diagrams from the source data.
Harm van Ree's presentation to Climate Champions at the National Workshop, Ad...Climate Kelpie
Harm van Rees is a consultant from the Birchup Cropping Group, Victoria. Harm was invited to give a talk to the Climate Champions during the February Climate Champions National Workshop held in Adelaide, 2011.
This document summarizes several ferry designs and their fuel usage and costs. It compares the current ferry design to designs using Andy engines, which are more fuel efficient and can reach double the speed. The Andy single speed design would use less fuel and emit fewer CO2 emissions per year than the current design, while the double speed and double load Andy designs would allow ferries to transport more passengers and freight using less fuel. Adopting Andy engines across various modes of transportation could save over 12 million tonnes of fuel per day, valued at over 7 billion.
Canopy management tree training & crop loading – opportunities to learn fro...MacadamiaSociety
The document discusses crop load and productivity in macadamia orchards, drawing lessons from apple crop management. It summarizes that crop load affects tree physiology, flowering, and yield. High crop load leads to small fruits/nuts and low vegetative growth, while low crop load increases vegetative growth and fruit/nut size. Apple growers strategically manage crop loads to balance productivity and quality over seasons. The author believes macadamia growers need better understanding of crop load effects to develop management methods.
10,00 Modelling and analysis of geophysical data using geostatistics and mach...Beniamino Murgante
10,00 Modelling and analysis of geophysical data using geostatistics and machine learning
Vasily Demyanov – Heriot–Watt Institute, Edinburgh (U.K.)
Intelligent Analysis of Environmental Data (S4 ENVISA Workshop 2009)
The document discusses the growing energy demands and carbon emissions from India's telecom sector as the number of mobile towers increases dramatically, and proposes a plan to transition 50% of towers to renewable energy by 2015 and completely phase out diesel by 2020, which would save billions of liters of diesel, prevent millions of tons of carbon emissions, and offer a large market potential for renewable energy investment. Greenpeace is calling on telecom companies to publicly commit to this renewable energy roadmap and play a leadership role in advocating for clean energy policies.
By David J. Spielman, Fatima Zaidi, and Kathleen Flaherty. Presented at the ASTI-FARA conference Agricultural R&D: Investing in Africa's Future: Analyzing Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities - Accra, Ghana on December 5-7, 2011. http://www.asti.cgiar.org/2011conf
ACG European Capital Tour: Investing pitfalls / lessons learned and big succe...ACGEU
The document summarizes a presentation by Alvarez & Marsal on opportunities in the European market. It discusses 1) the current state of the European sovereign debt crisis and its impact on private equity and distressed markets, 2) middle market opportunities including financial institutions selling non-performing assets and distressed debt investing, and 3) potential pitfalls for private equity investors to avoid. The presentation also reviews M&A trends and outlook by country and sector. Key takeaways are the availability of portfolio and corporate carve-out deals, and the need for private equity investors to thoroughly understand business fundamentals and have contingencies planned.
The document describes centrifugal pumps that are standardized according to EN 733. They can pump liquids up to 6000 l/min and 95 meters head. They are suitable for applications like water supply, pressure boosting, irrigation, and more. The pumps must be installed indoors or protected from weather. Options include different voltages, seals, and dimensions according to EN 733. They come with a 2 year guarantee.
The document is ExxonMobil's 2012 outlook report on global energy demand and supply through 2040. It finds that population and economic growth will drive a 30% increase in energy demand despite efficiency gains saving 500 quadrillion BTUs. Electricity generation is expected to be the fastest growing energy sector. Natural gas supply is projected to increase significantly to meet demand, while oil, coal, nuclear and renewables will also play major roles in the energy mix. CO2 emissions are forecasted to plateau by 2025 as emissions per capita decline.
Dr. Dermot Hayes - The threat of foot and mouth disease to the swine industry John Blue
The threat of foot and mouth disease to the swine industry - Dermot Hayes, Ph.D., Iowa State University, from the 2012 World Pork Expo, June 6-8, Des Moines, Iowa, USA.
Kirsten Vice, Canadian Operations - The Value of Current Knowledge: A Case of...CWS_2010
The document summarizes a case study on a water profile of the Canadian forest products industry. It describes the key elements of the profile, including forest and forest management, manufacturing processes, and an overall industry water profile. The profile estimates water flows and uses rough assumptions at broad scales due to data limitations. More accurate local or site-specific estimates are preferable but a high-level overview provides insight into industry water interconnections.
Over the last decade, China and India have become increasingly influential in Africa through investments and trade. Indian companies are attracted to Africa due to its market growth potential, lower costs of operations, skilled workforce, and natural resources. While India has had a presence in Africa for over 40 years, its government support and investments have been less than China's. However, Indian companies like Tata and Jindal are investing in projects in South Africa and Mozambique. The South African minister hopes to increase two-way trade with India to over $15 billion by 2014. Though China and India's rising demand benefits Africa's commodity exports, the volatility of their demand poses challenges.
Steven Kandarian, Chief Investment Officer at MetLife, summarized the company's defensive positioning in response to weaknesses identified in certain asset sectors early in 2007. MetLife repositioned its portfolio for an anticipated recession by reducing leverage and increasing liquidity. The document then provides an overview of MetLife's views on the 2009 market outlook and themes, including details on spreads, alternative investments, portfolio income sources, and the composition and performance of specific asset classes like RMBS, CMBS, and corporate bonds in MetLife's portfolio.
1) The document discusses Genuity® DroughtGardTM Hybrids, a new drought-tolerant corn system from Monsanto.
2) Field studies show that under drought conditions, DroughtGardTM Hybrids maintain higher sap flow rates and use water from the soil more efficiently than non-DroughtGard varieties.
3) Monsanto aims to introduce DroughtGardTM Hybrids in a stepped manner in 2013 while expanding to more markets, to provide farmers with a solution to mitigate risks from drought.
Parker is the world's leading manufacturer of motion and control technologies. In 2006, Parker achieved record financial results including $9.4 billion in sales, a 16.3% increase over 2005. Net income increased 19.7% to $638.3 million. Cash flow from operations reached a record $954.6 million. Parker's diversification across hundreds of markets, 57,000 employees, and 417,000 customers helps drive consistent growth and mitigate risks from economic cycles.
The document analyzes the production and financials of three Victorian farms over recent decades, focusing on a Southern Mallee farm that relies on sheep and wheat/barley crops. It finds that the Southern Mallee farm needs above average rainfall to break even due to soil and climate constraints, and would benefit from additional sources of income beyond crops alone to manage risk from drought and other factors. The analysis concludes farmers must understand their land limitations and financial position to effectively adapt to climate change risks.
This document discusses unscheduled care in the NHS in Scotland. It defines unscheduled care as care that cannot be reasonably planned in advance and must be available 24/7. It recommends shifting from an assess-transport-diagnose-treat model to an assess-diagnose-talk-treat model. Charts show patient flow for unscheduled care in 2008/09 and total attendances at A&E services from 2011-2012, with most attendances at emergency departments. A final chart shows the number of A&E attendances and proportion seen within 4 hours from 2009-2012.
Similar to Towards a Sustainable Cocoa Economy:Rural transformation of West African cocoa communities – how? (20)
(1) IITA is the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, established in 1967 and headquartered in Ibadan, Nigeria with 21 stations in 30 countries. (2) IITA adopted DataCite DOIs in 2017 through the British Library Consortium to create a trusted institutional data repository meeting FAIR data principles. (3) IITA mints DOIs through an automatic Python script integrating with its Cassavabase database, and manually through its Fabrica portal, to increase data visibility, citation, and improve data management practices.
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Towards a Sustainable Cocoa Economy:Rural transformation of West African cocoa communities – how?
1. Towards a Sustainable Cocoa
Economy:
Rural transformation of West
African cocoa communities –
how?
S. Weise
Sustainable Tree Crops Program
International Institute of Tropical Agriculture
September 15, 2008
Ibadan
2. Relative size of tree crop sectors in SSA
2.5
Billions
USD $ 2
1.5
1
0.5
0
s s o a a r t t
co coa citru l palm nut ang offeeapay te shewubbe eanuocado lanu
oi coco m c p ca r sh av ko
Commodity
(FAOSTAT 2004)
3. Economics of Cocoa
• Annual global production = 3.5 million tons
• Annual increase in demand = avg. 3% per year
• W. Africa supplies ca. 70% of world production
worth US$ 3.5 billion
• Ca. 2 million farms in W. Africa on ca. 5 million
ha of land
• Smallholder crop based on household labour
and with a size of 3 to 7 ha
• 50-70% of household income from cocoa
4. The Backdrop
Productivity Stagnation
1400
1200 Indonesia
4.3% Yield
1000
growth
yield (kg/ha)
800
600 West Africa
1.0% Yield
400 growth
200
0
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
YEAR
5. 1000
Cocoa Yields by Production Quartiles
900
Larger producers
800
have higher yields
700
yield (kg/ha)
600
1st quartile
2nd quartile
500
3rd quartile
400 4th quartile
300
200
100
0
Cameroon Ghana Nigeria Cote d'Ivoire All
country
Source 2000/2001 STCP Baseline Survey
7. The Development Context
What is the greatest threat to the cocoa supply?
Low income of cocoa farmers
Summary facts:
• Productivity has stagnated (1% over 10yrs)
• 50% of farmers with yields less than 300 kg/ha
• Majority of farmers sell a few bags of cocoa 3 to 4
times a year
• Largest 25% of farmers produce 2/3 of total
revenues
• Ca. 1/3 of farmers have a net negative return to
their investments in cocoa
• Youth want to get out (all of over 125 interviewed)
8. The R4D Context
So what is the fundamental research question?
What is required to efficiently and effectively
increase the income of cocoa farmers and cocoa
communities?
And how can this be done in an environmentally
and socially responsible manner, and ensuring
the competitiveness of the sector?
Need to prioritize research accordingly
Need to ensure research is development driven
Need to introduce innovations at different levels
9. Sustainable Tree Crops
Development Alliance
Radiates from the core alliance formed in 1998
between Global Cocoa & Chocolate Industry /
Trade and USAID
Supported a 3-year Regional Action Plan in 5
West African countries (2003-2006): Ghana,
Cameroon, Cote d‟Ivoire, Nigeria, (Guinea)
With the intention to expand the original
Alliance to government agencies, development
groups and industry to increase the number of
beneficiaries and enhance future development
10. Sustainable Tree Crops
Program
INNOVATION PLATFORM that brings together
public and private partners with a common
interest:
Promoting production and marketing of quality
tree crops
Improving market access and income for
smallholder producers
Creating systems that are environmentally
friendly, socially responsible and economically
sustainable
Tree crops as an engine of rural development
11. Synergies of the Partnership
Public Sector
Country and regional understanding, deep
knowledge of development and networks of
expertise, financing capacity
Private Sector
Market discipline, integrated technologies, specific
knowledge of industry, skills and experience to
better design market focused activities
Farmer Organizations
Ensure that priority needs of the farmers are
addressed, willing to contribute directly as
benefits become evident
14. Introduced Innovations
• Regional approach to cocoa production,
marketing and research
• National networks and strategic alliances
allowing for communication between regional
and national partners and across stakeholders
• Farmer organizations linking production with the
supply chain, and providing a conduit for the
transfer of knowledge and technologies
• Linking social messages with technical ones
(child labour and HIV/AIDS)
• Participatory approaches building the skills of
farmers, e.g. Field Schools and Field Research
15. Farmer Field Schools „03-‟05
• Farmer training curriculum
on cocoa integrated crop,
pest & quality management,
child labour sensitization
• Trainers from extension
services and farmer
organizations together
• >150 trainers in 4 countries,
>13,000 farmers in FFS,
>26,000 farmers associated
16. FFS 2003 Graduates
• Cameroon: 41% greater Change in Revenue
yields; 20% lower fungicide US$ 317
use
• Nigeria: 17% greater yields
and 12% lower fungicide use
when farmers transmit
knowledge to sharecroppers;
younger farmers also perform
better US$ 440
• Ghana: 15% greater yields
• Cote d‟Ivoire: 25% greater US$ 36
yields US$ 92
(area, price, yield,
labour, agrochem)
17. FFS 2004 Graduates
Decision-making Skills:
• 59% of graduates make
observations before making
management decisions
Social Capital:
• 77% transfer skills
Empowerment:
• 41% appreciate benefits of
group learning/work
Change in Attitude:
• “Before I used to neglect my
work, now I take it seriously”
18. Farmer Organizations
• Systematic approach to
strengthening farmer
organizations (SOCODEVI)
• 15 large farmer coops
linked to over 31,000
farmers in 4 countries
• Improved market access,
information, confidence,
and transparency
• Farmers receiving 5-15%
better prices and improving
quality
19. Group Learning & Sales
Cameroon Cote d‟Ivoire
Yield increase (kg/ha) 72 40
Price individual ($/kg) 1.03 0.60
Price collective ($/kg) 1.18 0.63
Gross revenues control ($) 654 511
Gross revenues less costs w/
FFS & group sales ($) 1,015 631
Increase in cocoa income ($) 361 120
55% 23%
20. Social Issues: Child Labour
• Family household main
labour source, including
children
• Ca. 1% of HH employ
adolescent migrants
• Child slavery and trafficking
in cocoa are uncommon
• Children can be exposed to
hazardous tasks on farms
• The more children work, the
less likely they go to school
21. FFS 2003 Graduates
For every 1000 farmers sensitized on child labor in
FFS will result in the voluntary removal of 210 children
from hazardous work on cocoa farms (Ghana)
22. Identifying Opportunities
Market systems:
Market power exerted by exporters in RCI
leading to 9-20% lower farmgate prices
A guaranteed minimum „Fair Trade‟ price
applied across the sector would result in market
imbalances and wasted resources.
Decoupled payments in the form of communal
goods least distorting vs. price supports
Regulated weights and standards (ca. 10% loss)
Responsiveness to quality and pricing
23. Identifying Opportunities
Rural Credit Markets:
In Cameroon & Nigeria, access to credits
resulted in >20% purchased inputs leading to
>5% output
In Cameroon, the benefit to cost ratio is between
5-6 for fungicide application
In Cote d‟Ivoire, the benefit to cost ratio is
between 5-6 for fertilizer application
Financing of cocoa sales by cooperatives
24. Identifying Opportunities
Production Research:
IPM of black pod disease using biocontrol
agents
Use of pheromones to manage capsids
Rational pesticide use – farmer field research
Integrated soil fertility management
Genetic characterization and diversity of cocoa
germplasm collections, breeding material, and
plantings in farmers‟ fields
25.
26. Identifying Opportunities
Diversification:
Cocoa agroforests: Biodiversity, environmental
services, local and scientific knowledge,
management
In Cameroon and Nigeria, on avg. non-timber
forest products contributed 15-20% of gross
revenue of a cocoa farm
Access to market a significant limiting factor
Lack of timber rights: timber being cut and sold
at a fraction of the value
Limited technical knowledge of complex systems
27. Looking Forward
• Scale up the successful
innovations
• Develop necessary tools
and institutional linkages
• Align with national and
regional development
efforts
• Fill innovation gaps, e.g.
intensification,diversification
financing systems,
institutional arrangements
29. Rural Transformation
Agricultural transformation is the process by
which individual farms shift from highly
diversified, subsistence-oriented production
towards more specialized production,
oriented towards the market.
The process involves a greater reliance on input
and output delivery (marketing) systems and
increased integration of agriculture with other
sectors of the domestic, regional and
international economies.
30. Strategic Element 1
Productivity Growth (intensification):
• Integration of production innovations
(improved planting material, IPM, soil fertility mgt,
replanting-regeneration, quality management,
labour saving, service providers, financing)
• Lowers costs of production
• Maintains/increases competitiveness and market
share
Prices decline
Sector revenues usually decline (inelastic)
Early adopters innovate, increase income, &
get bigger
31. Strategic Element 2
Market Efficiency:
• Integration of marketing innovations
(competitive markets, market information,
collective marketing, organized farmers,
quality management and responsiveness,
value-addition, financing)
• Lowers costs of marketing
Increases farmer prices (if market is freely
competitive)
Lowers consumer prices
32. Strategic Element 3
Non-Adopters:
• Non-competitive producers exit sector
• Meet the needs of these farmers through
diversification
(alternative income generation options: cocoa
agroforests, other crops, rural enterprises)
Pro-active policies to facilitate transition
33. Relative share of Cocoa and Non-Cocoa Value in
the $13 billion Cocoa Belt Rural Agricultural
Economy of West Africa
other
industrial
vegetables, crops, $0.3
$0.9
cocoa, $1.5
Cocoa accounts for
fruits, $1.8 approximately 12%
of the farm gate
value in the cocoa
belt of West Africa
(versus 65% for
staple crops).
Cocoa accounts for
staple crops, 2/3rds of the cocoa
$8.5 household income.
34. Strategic Element 4
Policy Environment:
• Policies & institutions to ensure competitiveness
and allow efficient producers to grow
(public & private services, e.g. extension, credit,
inputs; knowledge and skills development;
incentive systems, e.g. land tenure)
• Policy & institutions to increase marketing
efficiency (regulatory framework, e.g. standards;
infra-structure)
• Policies & institutions to find alternative income
options
Policies to facilitate transformational process
35.
36. Modus Operandi
R4D: Research is required along the full stretch of
the research and development continuum
Innovation packages: Need to develop, validate
and scale up innovation packages that
integrate: technical-institutional-financial
aspects (FIT-solutions)
Policy reform: Innovation packages need to be
accompanied by institutional and policy reform
Local capacity: Strengthening of capacity along the
full value chain critical for success
Innovation platform: Public or private sector alone
can not make this happen
Public-private partnerships
37. Modus Operandi
Agent of change: STCP/IITA are playing a
criticial role by contributing to and fostering a
process of change
to contribute to the agricultural transformation
of the cocoa belt leading to rural income growth
and a sustainable cocoa economy that is
environmentally & socially responsible
38. THANK YOU
STCP team:
Blaise, Chris, Denis, Isaac, Jim, Jonas,
Mac, Mario, Mike, Richard, Sonii, Yapo
Core support by:
World Cocoa Foundation and the global
cocoa industry
United States Agency for International
Development
Governments/Agencies of Cameroon,
Cote d’Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, Liberia