A large number of annotation systems in e-health domain have been implemented in the literature. Several factors distinguish these systems from one another. In fact, each of these systems is based on a separate paradigm, resulting in a disorganized and unstructured vision. As part of our research, we attempted to categorize them based on the functionalities provided by each system, and we also proposed a model of annotations that integrates both the health professional and the patient in the process of annotating the medical file.
Towards a Standard of Modelling Annotations in the E-Health Domainhiij
A large number of annotation systems in e-health domain have been implemented in the literature. Several factors distinguish these systems from one another. In fact, each of these systems is based on a separate paradigm, resulting in a disorganized and unstructured vision. As part of our research, we attempted to categorize them based on the functionalities provided by each system, and we also proposed a model of annotations that integrates both the health professional and the patient in the process of annotating the medical file.
Semantic annotation, which is considered one of the semantic web applicative aspects, has been adopted by researchers from different communities as a paramount solution that improves searching and retrieval of information by promoting the richness of the content. However, researchers are facing challenges concerning both the quality and the relevance of the semantic annotations attached to the annotated document against its content as well as its semantics, without ignoring those regarding automation process which is supposed to ensure an optimal system for information indexing and retrieval. In this article, we will introduce the semantic annotation concept by presenting a state of the art including definitions, features and a classification of annotation systems. Systems and proposed approaches in the field will be cited, as well as a study of some existing annotation tools. This study will also pinpoint various problems and limitations related to the annotation in order to offer solutions for our future work.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
The article outlines extensions to the model and algorithm of spyware detection
procedures which, in particular, presents a potential threat to medical information
systems. The approaches and solutions in this paper allow to programmatically
implement binary file segmentation using discrete wavelet transform (WT). Unlike the
existing approaches, the model and algorithm proposed in the article took into
account local extrema of the wavelet coefficients (WC). The described solutions allow
for analysis of potentially dangerous and spyware files the number of bytes, as well as
the entropy for individual segments of files that are transmitted for analysis
Biomedical indexing and retrieval system based on language modeling approachijseajournal
In the medical field, scientific articles represent a very important source of knowledge for researchers of
this domain. But due to the large volume of scientific articles published on the web, an efficient detection
and use of this knowledge is quite a difficult task.
In this paper, we propose our contribution for conceptual indexing of medical articles by using the MeSH
(Medical Subject Headings) thesaurus. With this in mind, we propose a tool for indexing medical articles
called BIOINSY (BIOmedical Indexing SYstem) which uses a language model for selecting the best
representative descriptors for each document.
The proposed indexing approach was evaluated by intensive experiments. These experiments were
conducted on document test collections of real world clinical extracted from scientific collections, namely
PUBMED and CLEF. The results generated by these experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our
indexing approach
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Towards a Standard of Modelling Annotations in the E-Health Domainhiij
A large number of annotation systems in e-health domain have been implemented in the literature. Several factors distinguish these systems from one another. In fact, each of these systems is based on a separate paradigm, resulting in a disorganized and unstructured vision. As part of our research, we attempted to categorize them based on the functionalities provided by each system, and we also proposed a model of annotations that integrates both the health professional and the patient in the process of annotating the medical file.
Semantic annotation, which is considered one of the semantic web applicative aspects, has been adopted by researchers from different communities as a paramount solution that improves searching and retrieval of information by promoting the richness of the content. However, researchers are facing challenges concerning both the quality and the relevance of the semantic annotations attached to the annotated document against its content as well as its semantics, without ignoring those regarding automation process which is supposed to ensure an optimal system for information indexing and retrieval. In this article, we will introduce the semantic annotation concept by presenting a state of the art including definitions, features and a classification of annotation systems. Systems and proposed approaches in the field will be cited, as well as a study of some existing annotation tools. This study will also pinpoint various problems and limitations related to the annotation in order to offer solutions for our future work.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
The article outlines extensions to the model and algorithm of spyware detection
procedures which, in particular, presents a potential threat to medical information
systems. The approaches and solutions in this paper allow to programmatically
implement binary file segmentation using discrete wavelet transform (WT). Unlike the
existing approaches, the model and algorithm proposed in the article took into
account local extrema of the wavelet coefficients (WC). The described solutions allow
for analysis of potentially dangerous and spyware files the number of bytes, as well as
the entropy for individual segments of files that are transmitted for analysis
Biomedical indexing and retrieval system based on language modeling approachijseajournal
In the medical field, scientific articles represent a very important source of knowledge for researchers of
this domain. But due to the large volume of scientific articles published on the web, an efficient detection
and use of this knowledge is quite a difficult task.
In this paper, we propose our contribution for conceptual indexing of medical articles by using the MeSH
(Medical Subject Headings) thesaurus. With this in mind, we propose a tool for indexing medical articles
called BIOINSY (BIOmedical Indexing SYstem) which uses a language model for selecting the best
representative descriptors for each document.
The proposed indexing approach was evaluated by intensive experiments. These experiments were
conducted on document test collections of real world clinical extracted from scientific collections, namely
PUBMED and CLEF. The results generated by these experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our
indexing approach
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Ontology oriented concept based clusteringeSAT Journals
Abstract Worldwide health centre scientists, physicians and other patients are accessing, analyzing, integrating and storing massive amounts of digital medical data in different database. The potential for retrieval of information is vast and daunting. The objective of our approach is to differentiate relevant information from irrelevant through user friendly and efficient search algorithms. The traditional solution employs keyword based search without the semantic consideration. So the keyword retrieval may return inaccurate and incomplete results. In order to overcome the problem of information retrieval from this huge amount of database, there is a need for concept based clustering method in ontology. In the proposed method, WorldNet is integrated in order to match the synonyms for the identified keywords so as to obtain the accurate information and it presents the concept based clustering developed using k-means algorithm in accordance with the principles of ontology so that the importance of words of a cluster can be identified. Keywords: Ontology, Concept based clustering, K-means algorithm and information retrieval.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Review and analysis of machine learning and soft computing approaches for use...IJwest
The adequacy of user models depends mainly on the accuracy and precision of information that is retrieved to the user. The real challenge in user modelling studies is due to the inadequacy of data, improper use of techniques, noise within the data and imprecise nature of human behavior. For the best results of user modelling, one should choose an appropriate way to do it i.e. by selecting the best suitable approach for the desired domain. Machine learning and Soft computing Techniques have the ability to handle the uncertainty and are extensively being used for user modeling purpose. This paper reviews various approaches of user modeling and critically analyzes the machine learning and soft computing techniques that have successfully captured and formally modelled the human behavior.
Useful and Effectiveness of Multi Agent Systemijtsrd
A multi agent system MAS or self cooperating system is a computerized system organized of multiple interacting intelligent agents. The problems that are difficult to solve for an individual agent or a monolithic system can be solved by multi agent system easily. MAS is a loosely coupled of software agents' network that interact to solve problems that are beyond the individual capacities or knowledge of each software agent. Distributed systems with a group of intelligent agents that communicate with other agents to achieve goals are directed by their masters. MAS group aims to develop new theory and computational models of higher order social cognition between people and computer systems by producing their abilities to reason about one another automatically. More specifically, multi agent control systems are fundamental parts of a wide range of safety critical engineering systems, and are commonly found in aerospace, traffic control, chemical process, power generation and distribution, flexible manufacturing, chemical processes, power generation and distribution, flexible manufacturing, robotic system design and self assembly structures. Moe Myint Myint ""Useful and Effectiveness of Multi-Agent System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23036.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/23036/useful-and-effectiveness-of-multi-agent-system/moe-myint-myint
Great model a model for the automatic generation of semantic relations betwee...ijcsity
The
large
a
v
ailable
am
ou
n
t
of
non
-
structured
texts
that
b
e
-
long
to
differe
n
t
domains
su
c
h
as
healthcare
(e.g.
medical
records),
justice
(e.g.
l
a
ws,
declarations),
insurance
(e.g.
declarations),
etc. increases
the
effort
required
for
the
analysis
of
information
in
a
decision making
pro
-
cess.
Differe
n
t
pr
o
jects
and t
o
ols
h
av
e
pro
p
osed
strategies
to
reduce
this
complexi
t
y
b
y
classifying,
summarizing
or
annotating
the
texts.
P
artic
-
ularl
y
,
text
summary
strategies
h
av
e
pr
ov
en
to
b
e
v
ery
useful
to
pr
o
vide
a
compact
view
of
an
original
text.
H
ow
e
v
er,
the
a
v
ailable
strategies
to
generate
these
summaries
do
not
fit
v
ery
w
ell
within
the
domains
that
require
ta
k
e
i
n
to
consideration
the
tem
p
oral
dimension
of
the
text
(e.g.
a
rece
n
t
piece
of
text
in
a
medical
record
is
more
im
p
orta
n
t
than
a
pre
-
vious
one)
and
the
profile
of
the
p
erson
who
requires
the
summary
(e.g
the
medical
s
p
ecialization).
T
o
co
p
e with
these
limitations
this
pa
p
er
prese
n
ts
”GRe
A
T”
a
m
o
del
for
automatic
summary
generation
that
re
-
lies
on
natural
language
pr
o
cessing
and
text
mining
te
c
hniques
to
extract
the
most
rele
v
a
n
t
information
from
narrati
v
e
texts
and
disc
o
v
er
new
in
-
formation
from
the
detection
of
related
information. GRe
A
T
M
o
del
w
as impleme
n
ted
on
sof
tw
are
to
b
e
v
alidated
in
a
health
institution
where
it
has
sh
o
wn
to
b
e
v
ery
useful
to displ
a
y
a
preview
of
the
information
a
b
ou
t
medical
health
records
and
disc
o
v
er
new
facts
and
h
y
p
otheses
within
the
information.
Se
v
eral
tests
w
ere
executed
su
c
h
as
F
unctional
-
i
t
y
,
Usabili
t
y
and
P
erformance
regarding
to
the
impleme
n
ted
sof
t
w
are.
In
addition,
precision
and
recall
measures
w
ere
applied
on
the
results
ob
-
tained
through
the
impleme
n
ted
t
o
ol,
as
w
ell
as
on
the
loss
of
information
obtained
b
y
pr
o
viding
a
text
more
shorter than
the
original
MULTI-DOCUMENT SUMMARIZATION SYSTEM: USING FUZZY LOGIC AND GENETIC ALGORITHM IAEME Publication
In the recent times, the requirement for generation of multi-document summary has gained a lot of attention among the researchers. Mostly, the text summarization technique uses the sentence extraction technique where the salient sentences in the multiple documents are extracted and presented as a summary. In our proposed system, we have developed a sentence extraction based automatic multi-document summarization system that employs fuzzy logic and Genetic Algorithm (GA). At first, the different features are used to identify the significance of sentences in such a way that, each sentence in the documents is specified with the feature score.
UML MODELING AND SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR AGENT BASED INFORMATION RETRIEVALijcsit
In this current technological era, there is an enormous increase in the information available on web and
also in the online databases. This information abundance increases the complexity of finding relevant
information. To solve such challenges, there is a need for improved and intelligent systems for efficient
search and retrieval. Intelligent Agents can be used for better search and information retrieval in a
document collection. The information required by a user is scattered in a large number of databases. In this
paper, the object oriented modeling for agent based information retrieval system is presented. The paper
also discusses the framework of agent architecture for obtaining the best combination terms that serve as
an input query to the information retrieval system. The communication and cooperation among the agents
are also explained. Each agent has a task to perform in information retrieval.
A Proposed Security Architecture for Establishing Privacy Domains in Systems ...IJERA Editor
Information and communication technology (ICT) are becoming a natural part in healthcare. Instead of keeping patient information inside a written file, you can find all information stored in an organized database as well defined files using a specific system in almost every hospital. But those files sometimes got lost or information was split up in files in different hospitals or different departments so no one could see the whole picture from this point we come up with our idea. One of this paper targets is to keep that information available on the cloud so doctors and nurses can have an access to patient record everywhere, so patient history will be clear which helps doctors in giving the right decision. We present security architecture for establishing privacy domains in e-Health bases. In this case, we will improve the availability of medical data and provide the ability for patients to moderate their medical data. Moreover, e-Health system in cloud computing has more than one component to be attacked. The other target of this paper is to distinguish between different kinds of attackers and we point out several shortcomings of current e-Health solutions and standards, particularly they do not address the client platform security, which is a crucial aspect for the overall security of systems in cloud. To fill this gap, we present security architecture for establishing privacy domains in e-Health infrastructures. Our solution provides client platform security and appropriately combines this with network security concepts.
A Comparative Study of Recent Ontology Visualization Tools with a Case of Dia...IJORCS
Ontology is a conceptualization of a domain into machine readable format. Ontologies are becoming increasingly popular modelling schemas for knowledge management services and applications. Focus on developing tools to graphically visualise ontologies is rising to aid their assessment and analysis. Graph visualisation helps to browse and comprehend the structure of ontologies. A number of ontology visualizations exist that have been embedded in ontology management tools. The primary goal of this paper is to analyze recently implemented ontology visualization tools and their contributions in the enrichment of users’ cognitive support. This work also presents the preliminary results of an evaluation of three visualization tools to determine the suitability of each method for end user applications where ontologies are used as browsing aids with a case of Diabetes data
AN OVERVIEW OF EXISTING FRAMEWORKS FOR INTEGRATING FRAGMENTED INFORMATION SYS...ijistjournal
Literatures show that there are several structured integration frameworks which emerged with the aim of facilitating application integration. But weakness and strength of these frameworks are not known. This paper aimed at reviewing these frameworks with the focus on identifying their weakness and strength. To accomplish this, recommended comparison factors were identified and used to compare these frameworks. Findings shows that most of these structure frameworks are custom based on their motives. They focus on integrating applications from different sectors within an organization for the purpose of eliminating communication inefficiencies. There is no framework which guides application’s integrators on goals of integrations, outcomes of integration, outputs of integration and skills which will be required for types of applications expected to be integrated. The study recommended further study on integration framework especial on designing unstructured framework which will support and guide application’s integrators with consideration on consumer’s surrounding environment.
AN OVERVIEW OF EXISTING FRAMEWORKS FOR INTEGRATING FRAGMENTED INFORMATION SYS...ijistjournal
Literatures show that there are several structured integration frameworks which emerged with the aim of facilitating pplication integration. But weakness and strength of these frameworks are not known. This
paper aimed at reviewing these frameworks with the focus on identifying their weakness and strength. Toaccomplish this, recommended comparison factors were identified and used to compare these frameworks.Findings shows that most of these structure frameworks are custom based on their motives. They focus onintegrating applications from different sectors within an organization for the purpose of eliminating communication inefficiencies. There is no framework which guides pplication’s integrators on goals of integrations, outcomes of integration, outputs of integration and skills which will be required for
types of applications expected to be integrated. The study recommended further study on integration
framework especial on designing unstructured framework which will support and guide application’s
integrators with consideration on consumer’s surrounding environment.
CLOUD-BASED DEVELOPMENT OF SMART AND CONNECTED DATA IN HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONijdpsjournal
There is a need of data integration in cloud – based system, we propose an Information Integration and Informatics framework for cloud – based healthcare application. The data collected by the Electronic Health Record System need to be smart and connected, so we use informatica for the connection of data
from different database. Traditional Electronic Health Record Systems are based on different technologies, languages and Electronic Health Record Standards. Electronic Health Record System stores data based on interaction between patient and provider. There are scalable cloud infrastructures, distributed and heterogeneous healthcare systems and there is a need to develop advanced healthcare application. This advance healthcare application will improve the integration of required data and helps in fast interaction between the patient and the service providers. Thus there is the development of smart
and connected data in healthcare application of cloud. The proposed system is developed by using cloud platform Aneka.
Heart rate Encapsulation and Response Tool using Sentiment AnalysisIJECEIAES
Users of every system expect it to get better. Providing feedback to the owners or management was difficult but with the advent of technology, it has become handy. Users can now post their comments through online blogs, android apps and websites. Due to the enormous data piling up every second causes a problem in analyzing it. In this paper, sentiment analysis is used for analyzing comments and reviews for hospital management system are demonstrated with real time data. The tools, algorithms and methodology that could fetch accurate results is described. Experimental results indicate 90% of accuracy in proposed system. The review report generated would help the hospital management to identify the positive and negative feedback which further assists them in improving their facilities that could not only create customer satisfaction but also enhanced business processes.
A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO PREDICTING DEPRESSION: VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL INSIGHTS...hiij
While global standards have been established for diagnosing depression, the reliance on expert judgement
and observation remains a challenge. This study delves into a potential approach of efficient data
collection to increase the practicability of machine learning models in accurately predicting depression
based on a comprehensive analysis of verbal and non-verbal cues exhibited by individuals.
Health Disparities: Differences in Veteran and Non-Veteran Populations using ...hiij
Introduction: This study investigated self-reported health status, health screenings, vision problems, and
vaccination rates among veteran and non-veteran groups to uncover health disparities that are critical for
informed health system planning for veteran populations.
Methods: Using public-use data from the National Health Interview Survey (2015-2018), this study adopts
an ecologic cross-sectional approach to conduct an in-depth analysis and visualization of the data assisted
by Generative AI, specifically ChatGPT-4. This integration of advanced AI tools with traditional
epidemiological principles enables systematic data management, analysis, and visualization, offering a
nuanced understanding of health dynamics across demographic segments and highlighting disparities
essential for veteran health system planning.
Findings: Disparities in self-reports of health outcomes, health screenings, vision problems, and
vaccination rates were identified, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and policy adjustments.
Conclusion: Insights from this study could inform health system planning, using epidemiological data
assessment to suggest enhancements for veteran healthcare delivery. These findings highlight the value of
integrating Generative AI with epidemiological analysis in shaping public health policy and health
planning.
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Ontology oriented concept based clusteringeSAT Journals
Abstract Worldwide health centre scientists, physicians and other patients are accessing, analyzing, integrating and storing massive amounts of digital medical data in different database. The potential for retrieval of information is vast and daunting. The objective of our approach is to differentiate relevant information from irrelevant through user friendly and efficient search algorithms. The traditional solution employs keyword based search without the semantic consideration. So the keyword retrieval may return inaccurate and incomplete results. In order to overcome the problem of information retrieval from this huge amount of database, there is a need for concept based clustering method in ontology. In the proposed method, WorldNet is integrated in order to match the synonyms for the identified keywords so as to obtain the accurate information and it presents the concept based clustering developed using k-means algorithm in accordance with the principles of ontology so that the importance of words of a cluster can be identified. Keywords: Ontology, Concept based clustering, K-means algorithm and information retrieval.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Review and analysis of machine learning and soft computing approaches for use...IJwest
The adequacy of user models depends mainly on the accuracy and precision of information that is retrieved to the user. The real challenge in user modelling studies is due to the inadequacy of data, improper use of techniques, noise within the data and imprecise nature of human behavior. For the best results of user modelling, one should choose an appropriate way to do it i.e. by selecting the best suitable approach for the desired domain. Machine learning and Soft computing Techniques have the ability to handle the uncertainty and are extensively being used for user modeling purpose. This paper reviews various approaches of user modeling and critically analyzes the machine learning and soft computing techniques that have successfully captured and formally modelled the human behavior.
Useful and Effectiveness of Multi Agent Systemijtsrd
A multi agent system MAS or self cooperating system is a computerized system organized of multiple interacting intelligent agents. The problems that are difficult to solve for an individual agent or a monolithic system can be solved by multi agent system easily. MAS is a loosely coupled of software agents' network that interact to solve problems that are beyond the individual capacities or knowledge of each software agent. Distributed systems with a group of intelligent agents that communicate with other agents to achieve goals are directed by their masters. MAS group aims to develop new theory and computational models of higher order social cognition between people and computer systems by producing their abilities to reason about one another automatically. More specifically, multi agent control systems are fundamental parts of a wide range of safety critical engineering systems, and are commonly found in aerospace, traffic control, chemical process, power generation and distribution, flexible manufacturing, chemical processes, power generation and distribution, flexible manufacturing, robotic system design and self assembly structures. Moe Myint Myint ""Useful and Effectiveness of Multi-Agent System"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23036.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/23036/useful-and-effectiveness-of-multi-agent-system/moe-myint-myint
Great model a model for the automatic generation of semantic relations betwee...ijcsity
The
large
a
v
ailable
am
ou
n
t
of
non
-
structured
texts
that
b
e
-
long
to
differe
n
t
domains
su
c
h
as
healthcare
(e.g.
medical
records),
justice
(e.g.
l
a
ws,
declarations),
insurance
(e.g.
declarations),
etc. increases
the
effort
required
for
the
analysis
of
information
in
a
decision making
pro
-
cess.
Differe
n
t
pr
o
jects
and t
o
ols
h
av
e
pro
p
osed
strategies
to
reduce
this
complexi
t
y
b
y
classifying,
summarizing
or
annotating
the
texts.
P
artic
-
ularl
y
,
text
summary
strategies
h
av
e
pr
ov
en
to
b
e
v
ery
useful
to
pr
o
vide
a
compact
view
of
an
original
text.
H
ow
e
v
er,
the
a
v
ailable
strategies
to
generate
these
summaries
do
not
fit
v
ery
w
ell
within
the
domains
that
require
ta
k
e
i
n
to
consideration
the
tem
p
oral
dimension
of
the
text
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a
rece
n
t
piece
of
text
in
a
medical
record
is
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im
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orta
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than
a
pre
-
vious
one)
and
the
profile
of
the
p
erson
who
requires
the
summary
(e.g
the
medical
s
p
ecialization).
T
o
co
p
e with
these
limitations
this
pa
p
er
prese
n
ts
”GRe
A
T”
a
m
o
del
for
automatic
summary
generation
that
re
-
lies
on
natural
language
pr
o
cessing
and
text
mining
te
c
hniques
to
extract
the
most
rele
v
a
n
t
information
from
narrati
v
e
texts
and
disc
o
v
er
new
in
-
formation
from
the
detection
of
related
information. GRe
A
T
M
o
del
w
as impleme
n
ted
on
sof
tw
are
to
b
e
v
alidated
in
a
health
institution
where
it
has
sh
o
wn
to
b
e
v
ery
useful
to displ
a
y
a
preview
of
the
information
a
b
ou
t
medical
health
records
and
disc
o
v
er
new
facts
and
h
y
p
otheses
within
the
information.
Se
v
eral
tests
w
ere
executed
su
c
h
as
F
unctional
-
i
t
y
,
Usabili
t
y
and
P
erformance
regarding
to
the
impleme
n
ted
sof
t
w
are.
In
addition,
precision
and
recall
measures
w
ere
applied
on
the
results
ob
-
tained
through
the
impleme
n
ted
t
o
ol,
as
w
ell
as
on
the
loss
of
information
obtained
b
y
pr
o
viding
a
text
more
shorter than
the
original
MULTI-DOCUMENT SUMMARIZATION SYSTEM: USING FUZZY LOGIC AND GENETIC ALGORITHM IAEME Publication
In the recent times, the requirement for generation of multi-document summary has gained a lot of attention among the researchers. Mostly, the text summarization technique uses the sentence extraction technique where the salient sentences in the multiple documents are extracted and presented as a summary. In our proposed system, we have developed a sentence extraction based automatic multi-document summarization system that employs fuzzy logic and Genetic Algorithm (GA). At first, the different features are used to identify the significance of sentences in such a way that, each sentence in the documents is specified with the feature score.
UML MODELING AND SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR AGENT BASED INFORMATION RETRIEVALijcsit
In this current technological era, there is an enormous increase in the information available on web and
also in the online databases. This information abundance increases the complexity of finding relevant
information. To solve such challenges, there is a need for improved and intelligent systems for efficient
search and retrieval. Intelligent Agents can be used for better search and information retrieval in a
document collection. The information required by a user is scattered in a large number of databases. In this
paper, the object oriented modeling for agent based information retrieval system is presented. The paper
also discusses the framework of agent architecture for obtaining the best combination terms that serve as
an input query to the information retrieval system. The communication and cooperation among the agents
are also explained. Each agent has a task to perform in information retrieval.
A Proposed Security Architecture for Establishing Privacy Domains in Systems ...IJERA Editor
Information and communication technology (ICT) are becoming a natural part in healthcare. Instead of keeping patient information inside a written file, you can find all information stored in an organized database as well defined files using a specific system in almost every hospital. But those files sometimes got lost or information was split up in files in different hospitals or different departments so no one could see the whole picture from this point we come up with our idea. One of this paper targets is to keep that information available on the cloud so doctors and nurses can have an access to patient record everywhere, so patient history will be clear which helps doctors in giving the right decision. We present security architecture for establishing privacy domains in e-Health bases. In this case, we will improve the availability of medical data and provide the ability for patients to moderate their medical data. Moreover, e-Health system in cloud computing has more than one component to be attacked. The other target of this paper is to distinguish between different kinds of attackers and we point out several shortcomings of current e-Health solutions and standards, particularly they do not address the client platform security, which is a crucial aspect for the overall security of systems in cloud. To fill this gap, we present security architecture for establishing privacy domains in e-Health infrastructures. Our solution provides client platform security and appropriately combines this with network security concepts.
A Comparative Study of Recent Ontology Visualization Tools with a Case of Dia...IJORCS
Ontology is a conceptualization of a domain into machine readable format. Ontologies are becoming increasingly popular modelling schemas for knowledge management services and applications. Focus on developing tools to graphically visualise ontologies is rising to aid their assessment and analysis. Graph visualisation helps to browse and comprehend the structure of ontologies. A number of ontology visualizations exist that have been embedded in ontology management tools. The primary goal of this paper is to analyze recently implemented ontology visualization tools and their contributions in the enrichment of users’ cognitive support. This work also presents the preliminary results of an evaluation of three visualization tools to determine the suitability of each method for end user applications where ontologies are used as browsing aids with a case of Diabetes data
AN OVERVIEW OF EXISTING FRAMEWORKS FOR INTEGRATING FRAGMENTED INFORMATION SYS...ijistjournal
Literatures show that there are several structured integration frameworks which emerged with the aim of facilitating application integration. But weakness and strength of these frameworks are not known. This paper aimed at reviewing these frameworks with the focus on identifying their weakness and strength. To accomplish this, recommended comparison factors were identified and used to compare these frameworks. Findings shows that most of these structure frameworks are custom based on their motives. They focus on integrating applications from different sectors within an organization for the purpose of eliminating communication inefficiencies. There is no framework which guides application’s integrators on goals of integrations, outcomes of integration, outputs of integration and skills which will be required for types of applications expected to be integrated. The study recommended further study on integration framework especial on designing unstructured framework which will support and guide application’s integrators with consideration on consumer’s surrounding environment.
AN OVERVIEW OF EXISTING FRAMEWORKS FOR INTEGRATING FRAGMENTED INFORMATION SYS...ijistjournal
Literatures show that there are several structured integration frameworks which emerged with the aim of facilitating pplication integration. But weakness and strength of these frameworks are not known. This
paper aimed at reviewing these frameworks with the focus on identifying their weakness and strength. Toaccomplish this, recommended comparison factors were identified and used to compare these frameworks.Findings shows that most of these structure frameworks are custom based on their motives. They focus onintegrating applications from different sectors within an organization for the purpose of eliminating communication inefficiencies. There is no framework which guides pplication’s integrators on goals of integrations, outcomes of integration, outputs of integration and skills which will be required for
types of applications expected to be integrated. The study recommended further study on integration
framework especial on designing unstructured framework which will support and guide application’s
integrators with consideration on consumer’s surrounding environment.
CLOUD-BASED DEVELOPMENT OF SMART AND CONNECTED DATA IN HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONijdpsjournal
There is a need of data integration in cloud – based system, we propose an Information Integration and Informatics framework for cloud – based healthcare application. The data collected by the Electronic Health Record System need to be smart and connected, so we use informatica for the connection of data
from different database. Traditional Electronic Health Record Systems are based on different technologies, languages and Electronic Health Record Standards. Electronic Health Record System stores data based on interaction between patient and provider. There are scalable cloud infrastructures, distributed and heterogeneous healthcare systems and there is a need to develop advanced healthcare application. This advance healthcare application will improve the integration of required data and helps in fast interaction between the patient and the service providers. Thus there is the development of smart
and connected data in healthcare application of cloud. The proposed system is developed by using cloud platform Aneka.
Heart rate Encapsulation and Response Tool using Sentiment AnalysisIJECEIAES
Users of every system expect it to get better. Providing feedback to the owners or management was difficult but with the advent of technology, it has become handy. Users can now post their comments through online blogs, android apps and websites. Due to the enormous data piling up every second causes a problem in analyzing it. In this paper, sentiment analysis is used for analyzing comments and reviews for hospital management system are demonstrated with real time data. The tools, algorithms and methodology that could fetch accurate results is described. Experimental results indicate 90% of accuracy in proposed system. The review report generated would help the hospital management to identify the positive and negative feedback which further assists them in improving their facilities that could not only create customer satisfaction but also enhanced business processes.
A PRACTICAL APPROACH TO PREDICTING DEPRESSION: VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL INSIGHTS...hiij
While global standards have been established for diagnosing depression, the reliance on expert judgement
and observation remains a challenge. This study delves into a potential approach of efficient data
collection to increase the practicability of machine learning models in accurately predicting depression
based on a comprehensive analysis of verbal and non-verbal cues exhibited by individuals.
Health Disparities: Differences in Veteran and Non-Veteran Populations using ...hiij
Introduction: This study investigated self-reported health status, health screenings, vision problems, and
vaccination rates among veteran and non-veteran groups to uncover health disparities that are critical for
informed health system planning for veteran populations.
Methods: Using public-use data from the National Health Interview Survey (2015-2018), this study adopts
an ecologic cross-sectional approach to conduct an in-depth analysis and visualization of the data assisted
by Generative AI, specifically ChatGPT-4. This integration of advanced AI tools with traditional
epidemiological principles enables systematic data management, analysis, and visualization, offering a
nuanced understanding of health dynamics across demographic segments and highlighting disparities
essential for veteran health system planning.
Findings: Disparities in self-reports of health outcomes, health screenings, vision problems, and
vaccination rates were identified, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and policy adjustments.
Conclusion: Insights from this study could inform health system planning, using epidemiological data
assessment to suggest enhancements for veteran healthcare delivery. These findings highlight the value of
integrating Generative AI with epidemiological analysis in shaping public health policy and health
planning.
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
HEALTH DISPARITIES: DIFFERENCES IN VETERAN AND NON-VETERAN POPULATIONS USING ...hiij
Introduction: This study investigated self-reported health status, health screenings, vision problems, and
vaccination rates among veteran and non-veteran groups to uncover health disparities that are critical for
informed health system planning for veteran populations.
Methods: Using public-use data from the National Health Interview Survey (2015-2018), this study adopts
an ecologic cross-sectional approach to conduct an in-depth analysis and visualization of the data assisted
by Generative AI, specifically ChatGPT-4. This integration of advanced AI tools with traditional
epidemiological principles enables systematic data management, analysis, and visualization, offering a
nuanced understanding of health dynamics across demographic segments and highlighting disparities
essential for veteran health system planning.
Findings: Disparities in self-reports of health outcomes, health screenings, vision problems, and
vaccination rates were identified, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and policy adjustments.
Conclusion: Insights from this study could inform health system planning, using epidemiological data
assessment to suggest enhancements for veteran healthcare delivery. These findings highlight the value of
integrating Generative AI with epidemiological analysis in shaping public health policy and health
planning.
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
BRIEF COMMENTARY: USING A LOGIC MODEL TO INTEGRATE PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATICS ...hiij
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a watershed moment in public health surveillance, highlighting the
crucial role of data-driven insights in informing health actions and policies. Revisiting key concepts—
public health, epidemiology in public health practice, public health surveillance, and public health
informatics—lays the foundation for understanding how these elements converge to create a robust public
health surveillance system framework. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, this integration was
exemplified by the WHO efforts in data dissemination and the subsequent global response. The role of
public health informatics emerged as instrumental in this context, enhancing data collection, management,
analysis, interpretation, and dissemination processes. A logic model for public health surveillance systems
encapsulates the integration of these concepts. It outlines the inputs and outcomes and emphasizes the
crucial actions and resources for effective system operation, including the imperative of training and
capacity development.
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
AUTOMATIC AND NON-INVASIVE CONTINUOUS GLUCOSE MONITORING IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTShiij
Glycated haemoglobin does not allow you to highlight the effects that food choices, physical activity and
medications have on your glycaemic control day by day. The best way to monitor and keep track of the
immediate effects that these have on your blood sugar levels is self-monitoring, therefore the use of a
glucometer. Thanks to this tool you have the possibility to promptly receive information that helps you to
intervene in the most appropriate way, bringing or keeping your blood sugar levels as close as possible to
the reference values indicated by your doctor. Currently, blood glucose meters are used to measure and
control blood glucose. Diabetes is a fairly complex disease and it is important for those who suffer from it
to check their blood sugar (blood sugar) periodically throughout the day to prevent dangerous
complications. Many children newly diagnosed with diabetes and their families may face unique challenges
when dealing with the everyday management of diabetes, including treatments, adapting to dietary
changes, and the routine monitoring of blood glucose. Many questions may also arise when selecting a
blood glucose meter for paediatric patients. With current blood glucose meters, even with multiple daily
self-tests, high and low blood glucose levels may not be detected. Key factors that may be considered when
selecting a meter include accuracy of the meter; size of the meter; small sample size required for testing;
ease of use and easy-to-follow testing procedure; ability for alternate testing sites; quick testing time and
availability of results; ease of portability to allow testing at school and during leisure time; easyto- read
numbers on display; memory options; cost of meter and supplies. In this study we will show a new
automatic portable, non-invasive device and painless for the daily continuous monitoring (24 hours a day)
of blood glucose in paediatric patients.
INTEGRATING MACHINE LEARNING IN CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMShiij
This review article examines the role of machine learning (ML) in enhancing Clinical Decision Support
Systems (CDSSs) within the modern healthcare landscape. Focusing on the integration of various ML
algorithms, such as regression, random forest, and neural networks, the review aims to showcase their
potential in advancing patient care. A rapid review methodology was utilized, involving a survey of recent
articles from PubMed and Google Scholar on ML applications in healthcare. Key findings include the
demonstration of ML's predictive power in patient outcomes, its ability to augment clinician knowledge,
and the effectiveness of ensemble algorithmic approaches. The review highlights specific applications of
diverse ML models, including moment kernel machines in predicting surgical outcomes, k-means clustering
in simplifying disease phenotypes, and extreme gradient boosting in estimating injury risk. Emphasizing
the potential of ML to tackle current healthcare challenges, the article highlights the critical role of ML in
evolving CDSSs for improved clinical decision-making and patient care. This comprehensive review also
addresses the challenges and limitations of integrating ML into healthcare systems, advocating for a
collaborative approach to refine these systems for safety, efficacy, and equity.
BRIEF COMMENTARY: USING A LOGIC MODEL TO INTEGRATE PUBLIC HEALTH INFORMATICS ...hiij
The COVID-19 pandemic has been a watershed moment in public health surveillance, highlighting the
crucial role of data-driven insights in informing health actions and policies. Revisiting key concepts—
public health, epidemiology in public health practice, public health surveillance, and public health
informatics—lays the foundation for understanding how these elements converge to create a robust public
health surveillance system framework. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, this integration was
exemplified by the WHO efforts in data dissemination and the subsequent global response. The role of
public health informatics emerged as instrumental in this context, enhancing data collection, management,
analysis, interpretation, and dissemination processes. A logic model for public health surveillance systems
encapsulates the integration of these concepts. It outlines the inputs and outcomes and emphasizes the
crucial actions and resources for effective system operation, including the imperative of training and
capacity development.
INTEGRATING MACHINE LEARNING IN CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMShiij
This review article examines the role of machine learning (ML) in enhancing Clinical Decision Support
Systems (CDSSs) within the modern healthcare landscape. Focusing on the integration of various ML
algorithms, such as regression, random forest, and neural networks, the review aims to showcase their
potential in advancing patient care. A rapid review methodology was utilized, involving a survey of recent
articles from PubMed and Google Scholar on ML applications in healthcare. Key findings include the
demonstration of ML's predictive power in patient outcomes, its ability to augment clinician knowledge,
and the effectiveness of ensemble algorithmic approaches. The review highlights specific applications of
diverse ML models, including moment kernel machines in predicting surgical outcomes, k-means clustering
in simplifying disease phenotypes, and extreme gradient boosting in estimating injury risk. Emphasizing
the potential of ML to tackle current healthcare challenges, the article highlights the critical role of ML in
evolving CDSSs for improved clinical decision-making and patient care. This comprehensive review also
addresses the challenges and limitations of integrating ML into healthcare systems, advocating for a
collaborative approach to refine these systems for safety, efficacy, and equity.
Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ)hiij
Healthcare Informatics: An International Journal is a quarterly open access peer-reviewed journal that Publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the health care.
The journal focuses on all of aspect in theory, practices, and applications of Digital Health Records, Knowledge Engineering in Health, E-Health Information, and Information Management in healthcare, Bio-Medical Expert Systems, ICT in health promotion and related topics. Original contributions are solicited on topics covered under the broad areas such as (but not limited to) listed below:
The Proposed Guidelines for Cloud Computing Migration for South African Rural...hiij
It is now overdue for the hospitals in South African rural areas to implement cloud computing technologies in order to access patient data quickly in an emergency. Sometimes medical practitioners take time to attend patients due to the unavailability of kept records, leading to either a loss of time or the reassembling of processes to recapture lost patient files. However, there are few studies that highlight challenges faced by rural hospitals but they do not recommend strategies on how they can migrate to cloud computing. The purpose of this paper was to review recent papers about the critical factors that influence South African hospitals in adopting cloud computing. The contribution of the study is to lay out the importance of cloud computing in the health sectors and to suggest guidelines that South African rural hospitals can follow in order to successfully relocate into cloud computing.The existing literature revealed that Hospitals may enhance their record-keeping procedures and conduct business more effectively with the help of the cloud computing. In conclusion, if hospitals in South African rural areas is to fully benefit from cloud-based records management systems, challenges relating to data storage, privacy, security, and the digital divide must be overcome.
SUPPORTING LARGE-SCALE NUTRITION ANALYSIS BASED ON DIETARY SURVEY DATAhiij
While online survey systems facilitate the collection on copious records on diet, exercise and other healthrelated data, scientists and other public health experts typically must download data from those systems
into external tools for conducting statistical analyses. A more convenient approach would enable
researchers to perform analyses online, without the need to coordinate additional analysis tools. This
paper presents a system illustrating such an approach, using as a testbed the WAVE project, which is a 5-
year childhood obesity prevention initiative being conducted at Oregon State University by health scientists
utilizing a web application called WavePipe. This web application has enabled health scientists to create
studies, enrol subjects, collect physical activity data, and collect nutritional data through online surveys.
This paper presents a new sub-system that enables health scientists to analyse and visualize nutritional
profiles based on large quantities of 24-hour dietary recall records for sub-groups of study subjects over
any desired period of time. In addition, the sub-system enables scientists to enter new food information
from food composition databases to build a comprehensive food profile. Interview feedback from novice
health science researchers using the new functionality indicated that it provided a usable interface and
generated high receptiveness to using the system in practice.
AN EHEALTH ADOPTION FRAMEWORK FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEWhiij
#Health #clinic #education #StaySafe #pharmacy #healthylifestyle
call for papers..!
-----------------------------
Health Informatics: An International Journal (HIIJ)
ISSN : 2319 - 2046 (Online); 2319 - 3190 (Print)
Here's where you can reach us : hiij@aircconline.com
visit us on : https://airccse.org/journal/hiij/index.html
**************
published articles..!
AN EHEALTH ADOPTION FRAMEWORK FOR
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
https://aircconline.com/hiij/V10N3/10321hiij01.pdf
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Adaptive synchronous sliding control for a robot manipulator based on neural ...IJECEIAES
Robot manipulators have become important equipment in production lines, medical fields, and transportation. Improving the quality of trajectory tracking for
robot hands is always an attractive topic in the research community. This is a
challenging problem because robot manipulators are complex nonlinear systems
and are often subject to fluctuations in loads and external disturbances. This
article proposes an adaptive synchronous sliding control scheme to improve trajectory tracking performance for a robot manipulator. The proposed controller
ensures that the positions of the joints track the desired trajectory, synchronize
the errors, and significantly reduces chattering. First, the synchronous tracking
errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
tracking error dynamics are determined. Third, a robust adaptive control law is
designed,the unknown components of the model are estimated online by the neural network, and the parameters of the switching elements are selected by fuzzy
logic. The built algorithm ensures that the tracking and approximation errors
are ultimately uniformly bounded (UUB). Finally, the effectiveness of the constructed algorithm is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results.
Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller is effective with small synchronous tracking errors, and the chattering phenomenon is
significantly reduced.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
TOWARDS A STANDARD OF MODELLING ANNOTATIONS IN THE E-HEALTH DOMAIN
1. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.10, No.4, November 2021
DOI : 10.5121/hiij.2021.10401 1
TOWARDS A STANDARD OF MODELLING
ANNOTATIONS IN THE E-HEALTH DOMAIN
Zayneb Mannai1
, Anis Kalboussi2
and Ahmed Hadj Kacem3
1
ReDCAD Research Laboratory and Faculty of Economics and management,
Universityof Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
2
ReDCAD Research Laboratory and Higher Institute of computer science and
Management, University of Kairouan, Tunisia
3
Faculty of Economics and management, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
ABSTRACT
A large number of annotation systems in e-health domain have been implemented in the literature. Several
factors distinguish these systems from one another. In fact, each of these systems is based on a separate
paradigm, resulting in a disorganized and unstructured vision. As part of our research, we attempted to
categorize them based on the functionalities provided by each system, and we also proposed a model of
annotations that integrates both the health professional and the patient in the process of annotating the
medical file.
KEYWORDS
e-health, annotation system, classification, health record, healthcare professional
1. INTRODUCTION
The annotative activity, which involves attaching a note to a text, is frequently employed in a
variety of professions, including medicine. Indeed, doctors annotate their patients ‘files, which
include episodes of disease and treatment paths. Given the importance of medical annotation in
patient monitoring and multidisciplinary cooperation, the researchers put out the necessary
effort to convert traditional pencil annotation to digital annotation. They subsequently developed
annotation systems to help professionals annotate medical record. [1,2]
How many healthcare professionals have struggled to share information with colleagues or
transmit it to their patients?
Who among the patients have trouble transmitting their digital medical record data from one
doctor to another?
By asking these questions, we can underline the difficulty of interoperability between systems.
[3] In fact, there is a communication breakdown among the numerous stakeholders in the digital
medical record, limiting both the doctor’s and the patient’s mobility. Furthermore, each of the
medical record annotation systems ‘attributes are conceptualized using a specific model, making
these systems understandable by information systems. However, the cited models do not match
the semantic annotation requirements.
The goal of this study is to provide an organized overview of numerous annotation systems by
categorizing them according to their functions and proposing a standard model of annotation that
2. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.10, No.4, November 2021
2
incorporates both professionals and patients in medical record annotation.
The following is how the paper is organised: the classification of annotation systems based on
their functionalities is highlighted in section 2. The proposed model’s conception is presented in
section 3. Section 4 closed with a conclusion and some future reflections.
2. ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORD AND MEDICAL ANNOTATION SYSTEM
2.1. Electronic Medical Record
The computerized medical record is an electronic record that incorporates all textual exchanges
between health providers, as well as the synthesis of treatments, diagnoses, and patient follow-
ups. In this regard, we can state that the electronic patient file ensures that the treatment protocol
is followed, that it contributes to improving the quality of medical treatments, that ensures data
security, and that it facilitates coordination amongst interveners by facilitating data access.
Furthermore, the patient’s access to his medical records enables him to provide clear information
regarding his illness and treatment. We can say that the professional’s and the patient’s interests
are intertwined.
2.2. Annotation Systems
There are several definitions of annotation in the literature. They vary depending on the research
fields:
[7] defines annotation as “the process of making remarks on a text in order to explain or
comment on it”.
In the context of Human-Machine interactions research, the annotation is defined as a
comment concerning a perceived object that is distinguishable both for the commentator and
for the reader who interprets it. [8]
In semantic web research, the W3C indicates that annotation can take the form of metadata
because it generates data in addition to other data. [9]
The annotation is the result of an active reading of the data on the web. In fact, it is usedto
identify the points that appear important to the reader in order to aid his comprehension of the
text. [10]
An annotation is used in the field of medical biology to define the functions and different
coding regions of the genome. It is utilized to explain the significance of the genomes.[11]
The medical annotation is a type of annotation used by healthcare professionals of various
specialities to mark data pertaining to a specific patient. [1]
2.3. Type of Medical Annotation Object
Annotation can be divided into two categories: [12]
Cognitive annotation: this annotation has an observable form on the document. It is used by
human agents and thus necessitates a cognitive and mental effort to comprehend.
Computational annotation: also known as ‘meta-data’. Software agents are in charge of
treating and manipulating it. The metadata allows us to annotate. Computer resources to
make them easier for the machine to utilise.
3. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.10, No.4, November 2021
3
2.4. Categories of Computer Annotation Activitie
To begin the annotative activity, select the anchor and annotation shape from the annotation
software toolbar. The annotation must finally meet all of the required properties by being fixed to
a well-defined target. This annotation procedure consists of three forms: [12]
Manual form: the entire annotation process is solely the user’s responsibility. He selects the
shape of the annotation, then the anchor and finally the annotation. This type of annotative
activity is comparable to that done on paper.
Automatic form: the machine is programmed to carry out the entire annotation process
without the need for human intervention. The annotations are aided by the use of context
sensors and pattern recognition techniques.
Semi-automatic form: the user initiates the annotating process. Once the user has chosen an
annotation mode, the system automatically generates annotations based on a model
developed with rules in development. At this level, the user merely enters to confirm and
refine the rules. No human assistance is required after a certain stage.
2.5. Annotation Systems Status
Plug-in: is small complementary program that adds new features. It is used in many
programs and apps.
Web-site: is a collection of web pages and resources. Some websites are designed to annotate
resources that users consult.
Application: it is program or set of software used to complete a task. The annotation can be
carried out by an application which offers certain functionalities.
2.6. Annotation Systems Functionalities
Annotation systems come with a variety of features. We divide them into three groups:
memorization features, reuse features and sharing. [1,13]
Sharing features:
F1: Annotation export: the annotator wishes to send all or a portion of the annotations that
have been written on a document.
F2: Annotation import: the user can receive annotations. This feature enables him to add new
annotations to a document as if it had been annotated by two different annotators.
Memorization features:
F3: Reading and browsing the document: access to the document should be granted to the user. If
that’s the case, the reader opens the annotation system and chooses an existing document. He can
use the mouse, keyboard arrows, and the elevator to navigate to the next and previous pages, as
well as the beginning on finish of each page.
F4: Annotation creation: there are two methods for creating annotations:
Tool/object mode: the annotator chooses a type of annotation and applies it to the content.
Object/tool mode: the annotator chooses a target and then executes an annotation
command.
4. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.10, No.4, November 2021
4
F5: Annotation modification: the annotator has the ability to change all of the annotation’s
parameters (shape, colour, content etc.).
F6: Delete of annotation: the annotation can be removed without being archived.
F7: Visualization of the annotation in the document: the annotations are scatteredthroughout the
main document.
Reuse features:
F8: Filtering: the reader is looking for one or more annotations that meet certain requirements.
F9: Visualization of the annotation outside the document: annotations are displayed in adifferent
location than the primary document.
F10: Sorting definition: the reader organizes the list of displayed annotations by sorting them
based on their attributes.
F11: Merging of annotated documents: This tool lets the user build a report with annotated
documents. Based on the annotation, the merging produces a summary of the patient’s condition.
This process enables experts to share documents.
F12: Comparison of annotations: this comparison seeks to determine whether or nottwogiven
annotations have the same meaning.
F13: Redefinition of an annotation: the practitioner manually traces any annotation, andthen
the machine automatically intervenes to retrace it.
F14: Annotation extraction: an annotation can be saved in a variety of formats (text, XML,
etc.).
F15: Linking the annotation to an external source: annotated content is a link to an external
source, and the annotation is a link to that source.
F16: Localization of the annotation and calculation of the area of the annotated zone: this
functionality allows the user to specify the coordinates of the anomalous component(sick) and
determine its interface by locating the annotation and calculating the area of the annotated zone.
Table 1. Features of annotation systems
Name of
annotation
system
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16
Automatic
annotator [14]
* * * * * * * * * *
Octane [15] * * * * * * * * *
CUPP [16] * * * * * * * * *
SS [17] * * * * * * * *
RIL-
CONTOUR[18]
* * * * * *
RITAN [19] * * * * * *
RNAmod
[20]
* * * * * * * *
Medip [21] * * * * * * * * * *
Epivizr [22] * * * * * *
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5
Crowd flower[23] * * * * * * *
IOG Gran [24] * * * * * * *
Sonto [25] * * * * * * * *
RIL-
CONTOUR[26]
* * * * * * * * *
ROMEDI [27] * * * * * *
QA [28] * * * * * * * *
CB13 [29] * * * * * *
Med3D [30] * * * * * * * * *
Image annotator
[31]
* * * * * * * *
3DBIONOTE
S[32]
* * * * * * * * *
LERUDI [33] * * * * * * *
Micro MD [34] * * * * * *
BestSlice [35] * * * * * * * * *
Verdant [36] * * * * * *
2017:
PRETEXT[37]
* * * * * *
SIFR BIOPORTA
L[38]
* * * * * *
ODMSummary
[39]
* * * * * * *
GIDAC [40] * * * * * * * *
VCFminer [41] * * * * * * *
CART [42] * * * * * *
Lead tools[43] * * * * * * *
3. PROPOSED MODEL
Our contribution consists of giving a formal model of annotation to aid in the solution of the
interoperability challenge. Various annotation record models have been proposed in the literature.
We will use as examples: HL7 (Health Level Seven) [44], CDA (Clinical Document
Architecture) [45], XDS (Cross Enterprise Document Sharing) [46], DICOM (Digital Image
6. Health Informatics - An International Journal (HIIJ) Vol.10, No.4, November 2021
6
Communication in Medicine) [47] and SNOMED (Systematized Nomenclature of medicine)
[48].In this regard, we can also quote the work of [49], who suggested an annotation model that
considers the semantics of the annotation but overlooks some details. Only healthcare
professionals are included in the annotation of medical files in this model, whereas, as previously
stated, the patient has the right to access his file, as well as documents relating to the diagnoses
and treatments that concern him, and can also make annotations in his own personal space of
expression.
The strategy of annotation may change based on the healthcare professional’s speciality as well
as the patient’s degree of learning. By using this strategy, the patient must be able to comprehend
his treatment regimen at all phases of the care cycle, including the required prescriptions and the
doctor’s recommendations. To carry out our quest and achieve our targeted goals of ensuring
systems interoperability, we obviously select the advantages of the models mentioned and
attemptto overcome their limitations. By including the patient in the annotation of his or her own
record, building a healthcare cycle, and encouraging annotation semantics, our research proposes
a novel architecture for the many components of annotation in the electronic medical record.
The proposed model (figure 1) contains the following concepts:
Visual aspect: represents how the annotation appears in the document.
Anchor: represents the annotation’s location in the document.
Content: the annotator’s mental representation as it has evolved.
Target: it is the foundation of the annotation that can be (a set of documents, a single
document or a part of document).
Environmental aspect: encompasses all aspects of interaction with environment.
Spatial-temporal framework: designates the date and location of the act of annotation.
Tool: the hardware instrument that was utilized to make the annotation.
Validity: specifies the date on which a task begins, ends or all cycle date.
Semantic aspect: refers to the features that allow the annotation to be tailored to
Its intended use.
Annotation theme: designates the annotation’s communication object.
Annotation objective: reveals the annotator’s aims through his annotation act.
Reading objective: indicates the reader’s expectations based on his reading
and comprehension of the information.
Reading domain: this is the domain in which the user reads the content and annotates it.
Stakeholders: anyone who has the patient’s permission to see and annotate the patient’s
file.
Collection of documents: the target of the annotation can be a collection of documents, a
document or a section of a document.
Healthcare professional: An individual who is qualified and permitted to give healthcare
services to patients and who is associated with a particular specialty or profession. Aside
from that, he is a stakeholder with the capability of annotating a patient's health record..
Patient: The patient has the right to access and annotate his medical file based on his level
of learning, specific needs, and, ultimately, his profile.
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Treatment course: the purpose of the integrated care path is to give each patient with
individualized medical monitoring, medical file management, and prevention. There are
three stages to the therapeutic experience (discovery, examination, follow-up and control).
Figure 1. proposed annotation model
4. CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, it is clear that this research has demonstrated a consistent and coherent
classification of digital health annotation systems. This classification, which is based on the
features supplied by each annotation system, makes it easier to identify constraints and potential
issues in the medical annotation systems field. In light on this, we developed a new ontological
model that engages the patient in the annotation of his medical records which helps to develop a
more sophisticated annotation system. Our research will now go on to developing an
annotation system based on the proposed model.
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8
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank all members of ReDCAD Research Laboratory, Sfax, Tunisia.
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AUTHORS
Zayneb Mannai: Phd student in Faculty of Economics and management, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
Anis Kalboussi: Associate professor in Higher Institute of computer science and Management, University
of Kairouan, Tunisia.
Ahmed Hadj Kacem: Professor in Faculty of Economics and management, University of Sfax, Sfax,
Tunisia.