This document discusses the impacts of tourism from an economic, socio-cultural, and environmental perspective. Economically, tourism can positively contribute to foreign exchange earnings and government revenues, but also cause issues like inflation, dependency, and seasonal jobs. Socio-culturally, tourism can help preserve cultural heritage but also risks loss of authenticity and commercialization. Environmentally, tourism development can harm habitats and wildlife through pollution, overcrowding, and inappropriate construction, but tourism also raises environmental awareness and supports conservation efforts when managed sustainably.

1. TOURISM IMPACTS
grade 11

2. Types of Tourism Impacts
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

3. Economic Impacts of Tourism
POSITIVE
1. Foreign exchange earnings
2. Contribution to government
revenues
3. Generation of employment
4. Balance of payment / trade
account balance
5. Stimulation of infrastructure
investment
6. Contribution to local
economies
NEGATIVE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Inflation
Opportunity costs
Dependency
Seasonality
Leakage
Enclave tourism
Seasonal character of jobs
Prostitution and the
underground economy

4. Tourism and its Socio-Cultural
Impacts
Introduction to SocioCultural Impacts of Tourism
• sociology and culture
• the tourist culture
• elements of culture

5. ELEMENTS OF CULTURE
 HANDICRAFTS
LANGUAGE
TRADITION
 GASTRONOMY
ART AND MUSIC
HISTORY
 LOCAL WORK
ARCHITECTURE
RELIGION
 EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS
DRESS
LEISURE ACTIVITIES

6. Relevant Cultural Concepts

7. Socio-cultural Impacts of Tourism
POSITIVE/BENEFITS
• Preservation and restoration
of cultural heritage
• Revival of traditional arts and
crafts
• Cultivation of cultural pride
and sense of identity
• Cross-cultural exchange
NEGATIVE/COSTS
• Loss of cultural character
• Loss of authenticity and
meaning of traditional arts
and crafts
• Commercialization of human
relationships
• Potential misunderstandings
and conflicts between
residents and tourists

8. TOURISM & ITS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

9. TOURISM &
ENVIRONMENT
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP

10. ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
1. Environmental awareness.
2. Enhancements of local environment.
3. Protection and conservation of wildlife.

11. ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Inappropriate development
Loss of natural habitat and effects on wildlife
Pollution
Loss of spirit
Overcrowding and traffic congestion
Activities (affecting the natural environment)

12. Inappropriate development
• Tourism development may be classed as
inappropriate if it fails to be sensitive to the
natural environment.
• Long-term planning in environment terms should
be done.
• Costa del Sol – had undergone a powerful
colonization of modern kind, it had robbed the
shore of its natural features, displaced headlands
and harbors with badly made structures.
• Resorts in Pattaya, Thailand – considered to be
overdeveloped.

13. Costa del Sol

14. “Environmental Awareness Raising”
• Tourism has the
potential to increase
public appreciation of
the environment and to
spread awareness of
environmental problems
when it brings people
into closer contact with
nature and the
environment.

15. Loss of natural habitat and
effects on wildlife
• Development of facilities and subsequent
tourist use may result in rapid or more gradual
effects on habitats.
• Trampling causes disturbance to vegetation
and soil.
• Not unlike the Galapagos Island, 600 miles of
the coast of Ecuador.

16. Wildlife can be disturbed. (cheetahs in
Amboseli National Park, Kenya)

17. • The Loggerhead Turtle in the Greek Island of Zakynthos
has become endangered. The development threatens the
turtles in six ways:
1. Loss of beach nesting areas.
2. Nesting females and young turtles disoriented by
artificial illumination.
3. Noise
4. Traffic
5. Pollution
6. Activities in water

18. Deforestation
Effect of trampling
Air pollution

19. Water
Air
POLLUTION
Land (Solid
Waste)
Noise

20. Water Pollution
• Water pollution is the contamination
of water bodies such as lakes, rivers,
oceans, and groundwater.

21. Air Pollution
Air pollution is the
introduction of
chemicals, particulate
matter, or biological
materials that cause
harm or discomfort to
humans or other living
organisms, or damages
the natural
environment, into the
atmosphere.

22. Noise Pollution
Noise
pollution
(or
environmental noise) is
displeasing
human-,
animal- or machinecreated
sound
that
disrupts the activity or
balance of human or
animal life.

23. Solid Waste
Solid Waste is also referred to as rubbish,
trash, garbage, or junk depending upon the
type of material and the regional
terminology. In living organisms, waste
relates to unwanted substances or toxins
that are expelled from them.
(Caribbean Area)

24. Overcrowding and traffic congestion
• Happens when the volume of tourists exceeds
the capacity of an environment.
• Overcrowding poses an increased risk of
environmental damage through erosion and
restricts visitor appreciation of the
destination.
• Inappropriate parking
• Congestion damages vegetation, causes
erosion and adds to localized pollution.

25. Effects of activities
• Skiing/alpine tourism
- mountain ecosystems are generally fragile but many are
prone to intensive use.
- many view skiing as a damaging activity because it requires
associated development, such as lodges, resorts, roads and
cause severe erosion and deforestation.

26. Effects of activities
• Ecotourism
- while the premise of ecotourism is to assist in conservation
and well-being of local communities, it is often the case that
ecotourism-based activities lead to deterioration in
environmental quality.
- proper planning and management is needed

27. Tourism, Global
Warming and
Climate Change
• By 2050, tourism is expected to see its contribution to
greenhouse gas emissions rise from 3 to 7%.
• KYOTO Protocol, adopted in Kyoto, Japan, on 11
December 1997 and entered into force on 16 February
2005. (highlights the expected impacts of tourism in
the environment)
• Very significant because climate and temperature are
important determinants of destination selection.

28. Tourism-related companies realized
that turning green makes good
business sense. The German tourism
industry experience.
Hotel Sector
• installing
water
saving
devices;
• Abolishing
individually
wrapped food items at the
breakfast buffet;
• Using recycled paper and
reusable bottles.
Resorts
• Decreasing
automobile
traffic in resorts, clinic and
recreational
zones
by
constructing parking areas
outside of the central

29. Food should be grown in an
environmentally friendly way
•Don‘t transport food around the
world – buy local products!

30. Using nature to save
•Collects rain to flush the
toilet

31. Buying locally
•Buys food from the
local area

32. Tourism-related companies realized that
turning green makes good business sense.
• Travel Agencies
- Publication of brochure
offering tips and
information on species
protection and
environmentally proper
behavior to vacationers.

33. Tourism-related companies realized that
turning green makes good business sense.
In the house
Use of solar
energy
-Replacing regular
light bulbs for
energy-saving
bulbs.
-Promoting
bicycles for inner
city transport
-Use of rain water
• Transportation
- Use high capacity
airplanes to
reduce noise and
emissions of
pollutants and
fuel
consumption/trai
ns.
- “Garbage return
initiative” LTU
International
Airways’ ecobag.

34. Tourism-related companies realized that
turning green makes good business sense.
• Cities and Towns
- Use of solar energy
- Replacing regular light
bulbs for energy-saving
bulbs.
- Promoting bicycles for
inner city transport
- Use of rain water

35. Community
Dunedin City Council
• DCC hand out gloves and specially marked
rubbish bags to volunteers who offer to clean
up their area between August 22nd and
September 2nd for “Keep Dunedin beautiful”.
• Offer yellow lidded wheelie bins to Dunedin
households

36. References
Tourism impacts
• By Reymarie Oohlala, Lobby Ambassador at Pan
Pacific Hotel Singapore on Aug 04, 2013
http://www.slideshare.net/reymarieoohlala/chap5tourism-impacts?qid=2deaba2e-e6a5-4f47-9cf3bb17e75c41ac&v=qf1&b=&from_search=4
Comenius 2011-Sustainable Tourism in Nuremberg
• By Debreceni Bethlen Gábor Közgazdasági
Szakközépiskola on Oct 02, 2013

37. http://www.slideshare.net/dbgksz/comenius2011sustainable-tourism-innuremberg?qid=750b7567-2e11-4004-8319fb0ee0fc13d6&v=qf1&b=&from_search=12
• Energy Efficiency Dunedin City
http://www.slideshare.net/davidsonkate/responsible
-tourism-8889375?qid=0f2adbd0-34ea-4078-8054c05ba9653e88&v=default&b=&from_search=2
Responsible tourism
• By davidson kate on Aug 17, 2011
http://www.slideshare.net/davidsonkate/responsible
-tourism-8889375?qid=0f2adbd0-34ea-4078-8054c05ba9653e88&v=default&b=&from_search=2