This document discusses noise and hearing conservation. It begins by defining sound and noise, and how they are measured. It then covers topics like hearing loss, noise exposure limits, and strategies for noise control including engineering controls, administrative controls, and hearing protectors. The key aspects are measuring noise levels, understanding how excessive noise can damage hearing, and implementing controls and protections to prevent occupational hearing loss.
The OSHA standard for noise requires at-workers to receive training on how noise affects them along with the controls to protect them from exposure and monitor their hearing. If this the type of training that you require to meet your regulatory obligations, contact us at The Windsor Consulting Group, Inc. We have over 60 occupational health and safety course offering to help your workforce, public, and the environment
The OSHA standard for noise requires at-workers to receive training on how noise affects them along with the controls to protect them from exposure and monitor their hearing. If this the type of training that you require to meet your regulatory obligations, contact us at The Windsor Consulting Group, Inc. We have over 60 occupational health and safety course offering to help your workforce, public, and the environment
Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major compensable industrial disease in Australia, which has severe impact – sufferers have trouble communicating, can become socially isolated and experience a substantial reduction in their quality of life. As well as the negative affects directly associated with the individual affected, NIHL also has substantial economic costs. Exposure to excessive noise causes increased employee turnover and absenteeism as well as lowered performance.
Although NIHL is irreversible, it can prevented. In this slide deck, Kerri-Ann Jessep, Client Support Consultant and Occupational Hygienist at Medgate, teaches you how you can better protect your employees from noise induced hearing loss.
Workers can be exposed to a wide array of noise exposures doing different tasks. They also may be exposed to noise while at sporting venues or participating in variuos recreational activities. Evaluating noise exposure correctly is just as important as selecting the right controls. This presentation examines the physics of noise, how to measure it, who to include in a hearing conservation program, and what controls can be used to reduce the risk.
About 30 million workers are exposed to hazardous noise on the job. One in 4 of these workers (or 7.5 million Americans) will develop permanent hearing loss.Noise-induced hearing loss is the most common occupational hazard for American workers.Hearing loss from noise is slow and painless; you can have a disability before you notice it.If you must raise your voice to speak with someone only 3 feet away, you are in high (hazardous) noise. It is 100% preventable
This slides tells about what are the consequences of noise;hearing loss and how it affects human being;protective devices for minimizing the risk level.
Occupational noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a major compensable industrial disease in Australia, which has severe impact – sufferers have trouble communicating, can become socially isolated and experience a substantial reduction in their quality of life. As well as the negative affects directly associated with the individual affected, NIHL also has substantial economic costs. Exposure to excessive noise causes increased employee turnover and absenteeism as well as lowered performance.
Although NIHL is irreversible, it can prevented. In this slide deck, Kerri-Ann Jessep, Client Support Consultant and Occupational Hygienist at Medgate, teaches you how you can better protect your employees from noise induced hearing loss.
Workers can be exposed to a wide array of noise exposures doing different tasks. They also may be exposed to noise while at sporting venues or participating in variuos recreational activities. Evaluating noise exposure correctly is just as important as selecting the right controls. This presentation examines the physics of noise, how to measure it, who to include in a hearing conservation program, and what controls can be used to reduce the risk.
About 30 million workers are exposed to hazardous noise on the job. One in 4 of these workers (or 7.5 million Americans) will develop permanent hearing loss.Noise-induced hearing loss is the most common occupational hazard for American workers.Hearing loss from noise is slow and painless; you can have a disability before you notice it.If you must raise your voice to speak with someone only 3 feet away, you are in high (hazardous) noise. It is 100% preventable
This slides tells about what are the consequences of noise;hearing loss and how it affects human being;protective devices for minimizing the risk level.
Call Avalon Hearing Aid Center Fair Oaks (916) 365-9081
www. Hearing-Aids-Fair-Oaks-CA.com
8146 Greenback Lane, Suite 100 Fair Oaks, California, 95628
Heavy equipment, noisy machinery and gunfire all take their toll on your precious sense of hearing. So can loud music, lawn mowers, leaf blowers, power tools, hair dryers and other everyday appliances. Our modern world is noisy.
Physical hazards consists of occupational noise, vibration, inappropriate illumination, ventilation, ionizing and non ionizing radiation etc. Our hearing sensory will cause serious defects by noise and vibration
NOISE INDUCED HEARING LOSS !
~ Shri.Dr.Ch.Ramanachary Ji, MS ENT,
Professor and HOD Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences,
Karimnagar, Telangana State, India
How to Improve Hearing Loss Problem Right Now - Better Hearing Centers ankit kumar
As many as 10% of our Kentucky population suffers from hardness or hearing loss. A large part of this can be helped with hearing aids, provided that these problems quickly come to light and can be diagnosed. Unfortunately, this is not always the case in practice: the majority of these ten percent (up to 75%) do not test their hearing. The result is not only that the hardness or hearing loss continues to worsen, but also that the quality of life of that group is drastically reduced.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Governing Equations for Fundamental Aerodynamics_Anderson2010.pdf
Topic 7
1. Noise and hearing conservation
Contents of presentation:
Noise and Hearing Conservation
Sound and noise measurement
Hearing loss
Noise control and abatement
3. Sound and Noise
Sound is our sensation of very small, rapid
changes in air pressure
-Vibrations that travel through the air or another
medium and can be heard when they reach a
person's or animal's ear
Noise is any sound that you don’t want to
hear
-A sound, esp. one that is loud or unpleasant or
that causes disturbance
4. The difference between
sound and noise
• Sound is a sensation caused in the ear by the vibration of the
surrounding air or other medium. It is clearly understood from
the definition that vibrations cause the sensation called the
sound.
• Noise is an unpleasant sound especially a loud one comprising
of shouts too. Thus it is understood that there is
unpleasantness about noise whereas there is no
unpleasantness about sound.
5. How is Sound Measured?
Sound is measured in two ways:
i) Decibels
- measure the pressure of sound.
ii) Frequency
- related to sound’s pitch and is measured in units called hertz (Hz) or
cycles per second.
- the pitch of sound (how high or low it seems) – is how you perceive its
frequency
- the higher the pitch, the higher the frequency
*High-frequency sounds are generally more annoying than low-frequency
sounds and can be more harmful to hearing
6. Sound-measuring Instruments
The instruments typically used to measure sound are :
i) Sound-level meter
- measures the pressure of sound in a specific area at a moment in time.
- good for estimating noise exposure in areas where noise levels are
relatively constant and workers are not mobile.
ii) Dosimeter
- measures the noise exposure for one worker over a longer “
cumulative” time, such as an eight-hour day.
8. dBAs and dBCs
Sound-level meters and dosimeters measure decibels in
different frequency ranges, typically a dBA scale and a dBC
scale.
The dBA scale reflects measurements that emphasize higher
frequencies, closer to human hearing.
The dBC scale measures the lower frequencies in the
environment, which our ears don’t perceive as very loud.
We may not hear the lower frequencies, but we can feel
them.
9. Noise Permissible Exposure
Limits (PEL)
Utilize administrative or engineering controls when sound
levels exceed Noise Permissible Exposure Levels
Exp: 8 hours permitted duration per workday for 90 dBA
sound level.
Provide hearing protectors if above controls fail to reduce
sound levels within Permissible Exposure.
Impulsive or impact noise should not exceed 140 dB.
10. Rule of thumb
“When you feel the need to shout in order to be
heard 3 feet away, the noise levels are probably 85
dB or more and hearing protectors are
recommended.”
11. How does hearing work?
The ear has three main parts:
i) The outer ear
- the outer ear (pinna) collects sound waves and directs the into the
external auditory canal.
- the eardrum separates the auditory canal from the middle ear.
ii) Middle ear
- small bones in the middle ear transfer sound to the inner ear.
iii) Inner ear
- the inner ear contains the cochlea, the main sensory organ for hearing,
and nerve endings leading to the brain.
13. All sounds produce waves. Sound waves funnel
through the opening in your outer ear, travel down
the auditory canal, and strike the eardrum, causing it
to vibrate.
The vibrations pass the small bones of the middle
ear, which transmit them to sensory cells — called
hair cells — located in the cochlea.
The vibrations become nerve impulses and go
directly to the brain, which interprets the impulses as
sound.
14. How loud is too loud?
Because people differ in their sensitivity to sound, there’s no way to
predict who is at risk for hearing loss. Sound pressure, frequency, and
length of exposure all determine whether what you hear is harmful
or just annoying. However, the following are signs that noise may be
a problem where you work:
You have to shout to make yourself heard during work
You have ringing in your ears for several hours after you leave work
You have difficulty hearing normal sounds for several hours after you
leave work
15. *Most hearing specialists agree: You can damage your
hearing if you’re continually exposed to noise greater
than 85 decibels over eight hours.
*As noise levels rise above 85 decibels, the safe exposure
time for unprotected ears falls dramatically. For
example, 110-decibel noise can impair hearing after just
15 minutes of exposure.
17. How does sound damage
hearing?
Very loud sounds can damage the sensitive hair cells in your inner ear. Hair
cells are the foot soldiers for your hearing.
As the number of damaged hair cells increases, your brain receives fewer
impulses to interpret as sound. When you damage hair cells, you damage
hearing.
Healthy Damaged
18. Effects of noise on
hearing
“How quickly hearing loss takes place depends
on the intensity of the noise, its duration, and
how often the exposure occurs.”
19. Effect of noise on people
Auditory effect:
i) Temporary threshold shift
-While a single exposure to loud noise can damage your hair cells, it
probably won’t destroy them.
- You may experience ringing in your ears and some sounds may be
muffled, but your hair cells will recover and so will your hearing.
ii) Permanent threshold shift
- But repeated exposures to loud noise can damage hair cells to the
point that they won’t recover.
- No treatment will restore it. When you destroy hair cells, you destroy
hearing.
20. How to know if your
hearing is damaged
Hearing loss is painless and gradual. It usually develops over several
years — you might not even notice the loss during those years.
Sometimes, overexposure to loud noise can trigger ringing or other
sounds in your ears, called tinnitus.
While tinnitus may be a symptom of damaged hearing, it can also be
caused by infections, medications, and earwax.
The only way to know for sure if noise has damaged your hearing is to
have a hearing examination by a certified audiometric technician,
audiologist, otolaryngologist, or physician.
24. Noise Induced Hearing Loss
Noise induced hearing loss stems from exposure to
loud noises.
• Constant exposure over a period of time
• Exposed to sound level over 140 dBA
• Tinnitus
Age Induced Hearing loss
• Exposure to high sound levels
• Hereditary
• Nerve damage
• Reduced neuronal response
25. Occupational/Non-Occupational
Hearing Loss
• Occupational Hearing Loss
– Results from constant exposure to sound levels above 85
dBA TWA
– Damage to hair cells in cochlea
• Non-Occupational Hearing Loss
– Results from constant exposure to sound levels above 85
dBA TWA
– Results from damage to outer, middle, or inner ear,
hereditary, ototoxic drugs
– Damage to hair cells in cochlea, damage to nerve cells
relaying sound message to brain, damage to structure of
ear
26. Types of noise
• Pitch
• Loudness
– Whisper 10 dB
– Street sound 70 dB
– Sander 85 dB
– Sporting Events 100dB
– Mowing the Lawn 101dB
– Motorcycle Riding 112dB
– Concerts 125dB
– Shooting Range 130dB
28. When is workplace noise
dangerous
There are three basic types:
Area monitoring.
Use a sound-level meter to identify areas in the workplace
that may put workers’ hearing at risk.
Personal monitoring.
Use a sound-level meter and a dosimeter to estimate an
individual’s daily noise exposure.
Engineering survey.
Measure noise levels produced by machinery in different
operating modes to find ways to eliminate or control the
noise.
32. Do you need a hearing
conservation program?
Occupational noise exposure, says that your workplace must
have a hearing conservation program when employees are
exposed to noise levels that are equal to or greater than 85
dBA averaged over eight hours.
The basic elements of a hearing conservation program include:
Exposure monitoring
Audiometric testing
Hearing protection
Employee training
Recordkeeping
Access to information
34. When other controls and
hearing protectors are required?
If your workplace has noise levels that are greater than
those shown in the table, you must use engineering
or administrative controls to reduce employee
exposures.
If these controls aren’t effective, your employees must
also use hearing protectors to reduce their exposures
to safe levels.
36. Engineering controls
When you replace a noisy machine with a quiet one, modify it
to make it quieter, or change the sound path so that the
noise never reaches the listener, you’re using an engineering
control.
You’re more likely to find a workable solution when you:
Understand what’s causing the noise
Determine how the noise is reaching the worker
Identify where to control the noise: at the source, along the
sound path, or at the worker
37. Creative engineering solutions may also be the best ones. Here
are three examples:
i) Build an enclosure
- Construction workers were using a concrete mixer to de-grease
metal parts by tumbling them in sawdust —
effective but noisy.
- To reduce the noise level to below 85 decibels, the
employer built an enclosure around the mixer with two-by
fours and an acoustic sound board, sealing the access door
with polyurethane foam.
- The cost was minimal and the design was effective; it
lowered noise levels to a safe 78 decibels.
38. ii) Increase the distance
- When you double the distance between the worker and
the sound source, you decrease the sound pressure level
by six decibels. For example, a hazardous 96-decibel noise
source at five feet is a safe 84 decibels at 20 feet as shown
in the table below.
When engineering or administrative controls are
required
39. Administrative controls
Unlike engineering controls, which keep hazardous noise from reaching a
worker, administrative controls change workers’ activities to lower their
exposure.
Closely related to administrative controls are work-practice controls,
which emphasize safe practices.
Administrative and work-practice controls are usually less expensive than
engineering controls because there is no cost in changing or modifying
equipment.
However, administrative and work-practice usually aren’t as effective as
engineering controls because they don’t control the noise.
Noisy machines are still noisy and the exposure is still present.
40. Examples of administrative controls:
i) Administrative controls
- Reduce the time workers spend in noisy areas; rotate two
or more workers so that each is exposed to noise less than
85 decibels, averaged over an eight-hour day.
- Shut down noisy equipment when it’s not needed for
production.
41. ii) Work-practice controls
- Maintain equipment so that it runs smoothly and quietly.
- Ensure that workers know how to perform their tasks and
operate equipment at safe noise levels.
- Use warning signs to identify work areas where noise
exceeds safe levels.
42. Hearing protectors
If an administrative control won’t reduce employee exposures to safe levels,
you’ll need to consider a third noise-control tool (hearing protectors).
There are two types of hearing protectors:
i) Earplugs
- Fit in the outer ear canal.
- To be effective, they must totally block the ear canal with an airtight
seal.
- They’re available in different shapes and sizes and can be custom
made.
- An earplug must be snugly fitted so that it seals the entire
circumference of the ear canal.
- An improperly fitted, dirty, or worn-out plug will not seal and can
irritate the ear canal.
43. ii) Earmuffs
- Fit over the entire outer ear — they won’t fit properly over eyeglasses
or long hair — and are held in place by an adjustable headband.
- The headband must hold the earmuff firmly around the ear.
44. Hearing Protection Devices
(HPD)
• Employers shall provide to employees exposed
to 8 hr TWA of 85 dB at no cost.
• Employers shall ensure being worn:
– by employees exposed to 8 hr TWA of 90dB or
greater
– by employees exposed to 8 hr TWA of 85dB or
greater and:
• Whose baseline audiogram has not been established
• Who have experienced a threshold shift
45. Hearing Protection Use
• Voluntary Use
– Exposed to an 8 hr TWA of 85 dB
• Mandatory Use
– Exposed to an 8 hr TWA of 90 dB
– Exposed to an 8 hr TWA of 85 dB but have not had
a baseline hearing test
– Employees who have suffered STS hearing loss
and are exposed to an 8 hr TWA of 85 dB
46. Effectiveness
Better earplugs and earmuffs are about equal in sound reduction, though
earplugs are more effective for reducing low-frequency noise and
earmuffs for reducing high-frequency noise.
Using earplugs and muffs together increases protection against higher
noise levels (above 105 decibels) than either used alone.
Selecting hearing protectors
Focus on the three Cs: comfort, convenience, and compatibility.
Employees won’t wear hearing protectors that are uncomfortable or
difficult to use or that interfere with their work.
They should be able to choose, with the help of a person trained in fitting
hearing protectors, from among a variety of appropriate types and sizes.
47. Purpose of Hearing Protectors
Reduction of sound waves traveling to the inner ear.
48. Instructions on Selection, Fitting,
Use, and Care of Hearing Protectors
• Ear plugs
– Keep clean and free of materials
• Wash in mild liquid detergent and warm water
• Squeeze excess water and air dry
– Discard plugs when hardened or do not re-expand
• Ear Muffs
– Keep clean and free of debris
• Clean cushions with warm soapy water
– Do not tamper with the acoustic seal between the cushions and the
headband
– Do not modify the ear muffs in any way
– Do not stretch or abuse the headband
49. Employee Responsibility
• Understand the need for hearing protection
devices.
• Wear HPDs and seek replacements.
• Encourage co-workers to wear HPDs.
• Communicate problems to supervisors
50. Management Responsibility
• Provide occupational noise training.
• Provide hearing protection devices.
• Demonstrate commitment – wear HPDs.
• Enforce the use of HPDs.
• Keep up to date with HPD selection and use.
• Encourage questions and resolve problems.