Purpose: To study the relevance of tooth contact sounds in a wave form in evaluating the quality of occlusion and to check if these sounds can be used to identify occlusal events. Methods: 42 subjects having 28 or 32 permanent teeth with Angle’s class I molar relashionship were selected . None of the teeth had any restorations . Subjects were asked to make tooth contacts in maximum intercuspation position and eccentric movements in right lateral, left lateral and protrusive positions . Tooth contact sounds were converted into wave forms by a polygraph machine .The components of the wave pattern were studied as ‘impacts’ and ‘slides’. One way ANOVA test was done to evaluate the statistical significance. Results : The wave patterns analyzed were classified into four types. Number of waves and duration of waves in the four different occlusal positions were calculated. Mean value of slides in maximum intercuspation position differed in four types and was found to be statistically significant (p<0.5).The statistically significant difference in the mean number of slides in the maximum intercuspation position in different types signified that tooth contact sounds could be used to study different qualities of occlusion. Conclusion: The study of wave pattern of ‘impacts‘and ‘slides’ in occlusal contact could help in correcting the occlusion to a stable position and this could be used as a ready reckoner to assess the quality of occlusion and also as a guide for future reference.
Purpose: To assess the amount of dental and skeletal expansion and stability after surgically assisted
rapid maxillary expansion (SARPE).
Patients and Methods: Data from 20 patients enrolled in this prospective study were collected before
treatment, at maximum expansion, at the removal of the expander 6 months later, before any second
surgical phase, and at the end of orthodontic treatment, using posteroanterior cephalograms and dental
casts.
Results: With SARPE, the mean maximum expansion at the first molar was 7.48 1.39 mm, and the
mean relapse during postsurgical orthodontics was 2.22 1.39 mm (30%). At maximum, a 3.49 1.37
mm skeletal expansion was obtained, and this expansion was stable, such that the average net expansion
was 67% skeletal.
Conclusion: Clinicians should anticipate a loss of about one third of the transverse dental expansion
obtained with SARPE, although the skeletal expansion is quite stable. The amount of postsurgical relapse
with SARPE appears quite similar to the changes in dental-arch dimensions after nonsurgical rapid palatal
expansion, and also quite similar to dental-arch changes after segmental maxillary osteotomy for
expansion.
This is an interesting orthodontic case which I treated with Invisalign. Some complex tooth movements which were managed using precision attachments.
I am sure that many of my colleagues would have used another appliance or treatment plan to correct this case.
This could have been an extraction case or even a more ortho-restorative involved case. I chose a minimally invasive approach to achieve a satisfactory result.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Journal Club On Pre-extractive Interradicular Implant Bed Preparation: Case P...Shilpa Shiv
Journal Club On Pre-extractive Interradicular Implant Bed Preparation: Case Presentations of a Novel Approach to Immediate Implant Placement at Multirooted Molar Sites, IJPRD 2013.
Purpose: To assess the amount of dental and skeletal expansion and stability after surgically assisted
rapid maxillary expansion (SARPE).
Patients and Methods: Data from 20 patients enrolled in this prospective study were collected before
treatment, at maximum expansion, at the removal of the expander 6 months later, before any second
surgical phase, and at the end of orthodontic treatment, using posteroanterior cephalograms and dental
casts.
Results: With SARPE, the mean maximum expansion at the first molar was 7.48 1.39 mm, and the
mean relapse during postsurgical orthodontics was 2.22 1.39 mm (30%). At maximum, a 3.49 1.37
mm skeletal expansion was obtained, and this expansion was stable, such that the average net expansion
was 67% skeletal.
Conclusion: Clinicians should anticipate a loss of about one third of the transverse dental expansion
obtained with SARPE, although the skeletal expansion is quite stable. The amount of postsurgical relapse
with SARPE appears quite similar to the changes in dental-arch dimensions after nonsurgical rapid palatal
expansion, and also quite similar to dental-arch changes after segmental maxillary osteotomy for
expansion.
This is an interesting orthodontic case which I treated with Invisalign. Some complex tooth movements which were managed using precision attachments.
I am sure that many of my colleagues would have used another appliance or treatment plan to correct this case.
This could have been an extraction case or even a more ortho-restorative involved case. I chose a minimally invasive approach to achieve a satisfactory result.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Journal Club On Pre-extractive Interradicular Implant Bed Preparation: Case P...Shilpa Shiv
Journal Club On Pre-extractive Interradicular Implant Bed Preparation: Case Presentations of a Novel Approach to Immediate Implant Placement at Multirooted Molar Sites, IJPRD 2013.
Treatment concept by Watted for a controlled alignment of palatally impacted ...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
It is known that maxillary canines remain impacted more often than the mandibular canines, and the inclusion can be
buccal or palatal. The treatment focuses mainly on the exposure and on the orthodontic realignment of the impacted
tooth. There are situations when canines erupt spontaneously after their surgical discovery. The present paper has the
purpose of approaching aspects related to impacted upper permanent canines by a literature review, including
localization and treatment conducts.
Key words: Impacted canine, periodontal, surgical-orthodontic treatment.
Assessment of lingual nerve injury using different surgical variables for man...DrKamini Dadsena
Assessment of lingual nerve injury using different surgical variables for mandibular third molar surgery
The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of sensory impairment of the lingual nerves following lower third molar surgery and to compare the outcome with various operative variables.
Factors that predicted lingual nerve injury were lingual flap retraction, tooth sectioning, and buccal guttering.
Long treatment duration has been a major drawback of the conventional fixed orthodontic treatment. Cyclic Loading (Vibrations within physiological limits) has proved to be effective in accelerating the rate of tooth movement.
Objective: To evaluate the role of age as a moderator of bone regeneration patterns and
symphysis remodeling after genioplasty.
Method: Fifty-four patients who underwent genioplasty at the end of their orthodontic treatment
were divided into three age groups: younger than 15 years at the time of surgery (group 1), 15 to
19 years (group 2), and 20 years or older (group 3). Twenty-three patients who did not accept
genioplasty and had a follow-up radiograph 2 years after the end of their orthodontic treatment
were used as a control group. Patients were evaluated at three time points: immediate preoperative
(T1), immediate postoperative (T2,) and 2 years postsurgery (T3).
Results: The mean genial advancement at surgery was similar for the three age groups, but the
extent of remodeling around the repositioned chin was greater in group 1, less in group 2, and still
less in group 3. Symphysis thickness increased significantly during the 2-year postsurgery interval
for the three groups, and this increase was significantly greater in group 1 than in group 3.
Remodeling above and behind the repositioned chin also was greater in the younger patients. This
was related to greater vertical growth of the dentoalveolar process in the younger patients. There
was no evidence of a deleterious effect on mandibular growth.
Conclusion: The outcomes of forward-upward genioplasty include increased symphysis
thickness, bone apposition above B point, and remodeling at the inferior border. When indications
for this type of genioplasty are recognized, early surgical correction (before age 15) produces a
better outcome in terms of bone remodeling.
This presentation describes the occlusion evaluation, its role in periodontal disease and occlusal therapy. Various diagnostic options and treatment options opted for occlusal correction.
Treatment concept by Watted for a controlled alignment of palatally impacted ...Abu-Hussein Muhamad
It is known that maxillary canines remain impacted more often than the mandibular canines, and the inclusion can be
buccal or palatal. The treatment focuses mainly on the exposure and on the orthodontic realignment of the impacted
tooth. There are situations when canines erupt spontaneously after their surgical discovery. The present paper has the
purpose of approaching aspects related to impacted upper permanent canines by a literature review, including
localization and treatment conducts.
Key words: Impacted canine, periodontal, surgical-orthodontic treatment.
Assessment of lingual nerve injury using different surgical variables for man...DrKamini Dadsena
Assessment of lingual nerve injury using different surgical variables for mandibular third molar surgery
The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of sensory impairment of the lingual nerves following lower third molar surgery and to compare the outcome with various operative variables.
Factors that predicted lingual nerve injury were lingual flap retraction, tooth sectioning, and buccal guttering.
Long treatment duration has been a major drawback of the conventional fixed orthodontic treatment. Cyclic Loading (Vibrations within physiological limits) has proved to be effective in accelerating the rate of tooth movement.
Objective: To evaluate the role of age as a moderator of bone regeneration patterns and
symphysis remodeling after genioplasty.
Method: Fifty-four patients who underwent genioplasty at the end of their orthodontic treatment
were divided into three age groups: younger than 15 years at the time of surgery (group 1), 15 to
19 years (group 2), and 20 years or older (group 3). Twenty-three patients who did not accept
genioplasty and had a follow-up radiograph 2 years after the end of their orthodontic treatment
were used as a control group. Patients were evaluated at three time points: immediate preoperative
(T1), immediate postoperative (T2,) and 2 years postsurgery (T3).
Results: The mean genial advancement at surgery was similar for the three age groups, but the
extent of remodeling around the repositioned chin was greater in group 1, less in group 2, and still
less in group 3. Symphysis thickness increased significantly during the 2-year postsurgery interval
for the three groups, and this increase was significantly greater in group 1 than in group 3.
Remodeling above and behind the repositioned chin also was greater in the younger patients. This
was related to greater vertical growth of the dentoalveolar process in the younger patients. There
was no evidence of a deleterious effect on mandibular growth.
Conclusion: The outcomes of forward-upward genioplasty include increased symphysis
thickness, bone apposition above B point, and remodeling at the inferior border. When indications
for this type of genioplasty are recognized, early surgical correction (before age 15) produces a
better outcome in terms of bone remodeling.
This presentation describes the occlusion evaluation, its role in periodontal disease and occlusal therapy. Various diagnostic options and treatment options opted for occlusal correction.
Clinical study of impacted maxillary canine in the Arab population in IsraelAbu-Hussein Muhamad
The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of impacted maxillary canine in patients in Arabs
Community in Israel (ARAB48,Israel) visiting our Center For Dentistry,Research & Aesthetics,Jatt,Almothalath,Israel,
4250 patients . This study comprises data from patients who attended the O.P.D.2200 patients between Jun. 2006 to Dec
2013. Patients were examined in order to detect the impacted maxillary canines by intraoral examination, palpation, dental
records and followed by radiographs. It was found that the prevalence of canine impaction was 0,8 % (N=4250), 1,6
(N=2200), 43,9 (N-82) in males and 1,1% (N=4250), 2,1 (N=2200), 56,1 (N-82) in females suggesting that prevalence of
impacted maxillary canines is more in females than males and it is statistically significant. The overall prevalence for
maxillary impacted canines was found to be 3,7 % (N=2200) which suggested that it is much higher than previous studies.
The results of this study were slightly different than other studies, while the dissimilarities may be attributed to the sample
selection, method of the study and area of patient selection, which suggest racial and genetic differences.
Clinical study of impacted maxillary canine in the Arab population in IsraelAbu-Hussein Muhamad
The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of impacted maxillary canine in patients in Arabs Community in Israel (ARAB48,Israel) visiting our Center For Dentistry,Research & Aesthetics,Jatt,Almothalath,Israel, 4250 patients . This study comprises data from patients who attended the O.P.D.2200 patients between Jun. 2006 to Dec 2013. Patients were examined in order to detect the impacted maxillary canines by intraoral examination, palpation, dental records and followed by radiographs. It was found that the prevalence of canine impaction was 0,8 % (N=4250), 1,6 (N=2200), 43,9 (N-82) in males and 1,1% (N=4250), 2,1 (N=2200), 56,1 (N-82) in females suggesting that prevalence of impacted maxillary canines is more in females than males and it is statistically significant. The overall prevalence for maxillary impacted canines was found to be 3,7 % (N=2200) which suggested that it is much higher than previous studies. The results of this study were slightly different than other studies, while the dissimilarities may be attributed to the sample selection, method of the study and area of patient selection, which suggest racial and genetic differences.
orthodontic epidemiological indices
Occlusal Feature Index (Poulton & Aaronson, 1961)
Index of Tooth Position (Massler & Frankel, 1951)
Malalignment Index (Van Kirk & Pennel, 1959)
The Bjork Method (1964)
Summers’ Occlusal Index (1971)
The FDI method (Baume et al, 1973)
Little’s Irregularity Index (1975)
Handicapping Labio-lingual Deviation index (HLD) (Draker, 1960, 1967)
Swedish Medical Board Index (SMHB 1966; Linder Aronson, 1974, 1976)
Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI) (Cons et al, 1986)
Index of Orthodontic treatment Need (IOTN) (Brook & Shaw, 1989)
Index of Complexity, Outcome & Need (ICON) (Daniel & Richmond, 2000)
Peer Assessment Rating Index (PAR) (Richmond et al, 1992)
Management of impacted teeth /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian d...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Traumatic dental injuries, incidence, classification, and treatment. This seminar is made to help establish the proper diagnosis and management of traumatic dental injuries based on evidence and international guidelines
On the Use of the Causal Analysis in Small Type Fit Indices of Adult Mathemat...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Model evaluation is one of the most important aspects of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Many model fit indices have been developed. It is not an exaggeration to say that nearly every publication using the SEM methodology has reported at least one fit index. Fit is the ability of a model to reproduce the data in the variance-covariance matrix form. A good fitting model is one that is reasonably consistent with the data and doesn’t require respecification and also its measurement model is required before estimating paths in a covariance structure model. A baseline model of four constructs together with a combination of none, one, two, three or four additional constructs was constructed with latent variables: educational performance, socioeconomic label, self concept and parental authority using dichotomous digits 0 or 1 for each additional construct. 16 progressively nested models were considered starting with baseline model using the mathematics adult learners data from the modeling sample and employing some small fit indexes which are commonly used (AIC, CAIC, RMR, SRMR, RMSEA, 2 / DF among others) [1] to test the fitness of the model. The measures of model fit based on results from analysis of the covariance structure model are presented.
The Sov’reign Shrine of Veiled Melancholy- The Shadow of Consumption on La Be...QUESTJOURNAL
―Youth grows pale and spectre thin and dies‖ – John Keats, (Ode to Nightingale) Tuberculosis was one of the most misunderstood and misrepresented diseases of all times. Hailed as Consumption’s Poster Child, Keats' life, like Beethoven's, served as a pattern tor the Romantic artist. In acute distress and emotional turmoil, in 1819 masterpiece followed masterpiece. In Keats' poems we see a concreteness of description of the object he contemplates. All the senses - tactile gustatory, kinetic, organic, as well as visual and auditory combine to give the total apprehension of his experience. His experiences often accord closely with his personal, life and the disasters he had. Keats is austere in poetry and yet he keeps high colouring and variety of appeal to the senses and the mind. Tuberculosis remains with us today, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia where more than a million people die of this disease each year. It is worth recalling its history and its association with literature with special reference to John Keats and his poetry- and specially La Belle Dame Sans Merci that shows a dominant forebrooding over man's mortality from it. La Belle becomes a representation of the disease in Keats’s La Belle Dame Sans Merci and reflects the poet’s struggle with tuberculosis.
Recruitment Practices And Staff Performance In Public Universities: A Case St...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Recruitment, as a human resource management function, is one of the activities that impact most critically on the performance of any organization irrespective of its size and location. Public Universities, known to train professionals that exhibit transformative leadership and successfully run blue-chip companies have equally suffered from rampart industrial unrest and human resource malpractices across Kenya. Could it be a unique trend of organizational deviance that could be reflecting absence of a well executed staff recruitment practice? While it is understood and accepted that poor recruitment decisions continue to affect organizational performance and limit goal achievement, knowledge about this aspect in Public Universities remains scanty. The aim of this study was to address this gap by evaluating how recruitment practices affect performance of administrative staff in Public Universities using Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya as a case reference. A cross-sectional survey design was employed while sampling strategy was a blend of multiphase, stratified and purposive sampling. A sample size of 124 out of 1150 comprised mainly of administrative staff was used and that a questionnaire was the principal tool of data collection. Results were analyzed using frequency tables, mean, standard deviation and simple linear regression. The study found that a recruitment policy existed at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya and that both external and internal recruitment practices were used to recruit employees at the University. However, it was noted that most of the university employees are recruited through media advert, internal advertisement, through transfers and promotions. The results of the regression indicated that recruitment practices are a significant predictor of employee performance, which was explained by 32% of variance and a moderate relationship captured by beta weight value of 0.57. On effectiveness of the recruitment policy, only 30% rated it as effective while 62% were indifferent and 8% rated it ineffective. The study concluded that although a significant relationship between recruitment practices and employee performance existed, it’s effectiveness and therefore positive impact on employee performance depended on employees’ positive perception and rating. It’s recommended that the Universities should avoid biasness in the recruitment process as this will negatively impact on employee performance.
Pesse Na Siri’ Budgetary System: A Historiography Study of Luwu Kingdom in Is...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to explore the budgetary system of pesse na siri’ at Luwu kingdom in the Islamic period of 1593 to 1945. Through the historiography method, it showed the base existence of the spiritual sense sensitivity, i.e., pesse (empathy) and siri’ (shame) and Islamic law in budgetary system. In the resources management, it was carried out in four stages, namely planning, implementation, reporting, and evaluation. Operationally, the pesse na siri’ budgetary system on the mobilization mechanism of resources or budget (balanca) through the top down system (i.e., known as balanca pole riwawo) and bottom up system (i.e., known as balanca pole riawa). The top down system was a mobilization resource form from agricultural products of the king’s land (i.e., known in Buginese language as Tanana datue) and the palace logistic. Meanwhile, the bottom up came from the resource offer–i.e., known as makkasiwiyang–mechanism, consisting of makkasiwiyang lili’ (the lower government level), makkasiwiyang ale (personal/individual), and makkasiwiyang reso (labor). One of the Islamic impacts in this system was to direct the budgetary system based on the Shari’a or Islamic law.
Fabrication of Complete Dentures for A Patient with Resorbed Mandibular Anter...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The loose and unstable lower complete denture is one of the most common problems faced by denture patients with highly resorbed ridge. The management of such highly resorbed ridges has always posed a difficulty to the prosthodontist.Obtaining consistent mandibular denture stability has longbeen a challenge for dental profession. The simplest approach often is to extend the denture base adequately for proper use of all available tisues.To achieve this goal impression of the resorbed mandibular ridge is very important. The objective is to develop a physiologic impression with maximum support of both hard and soft tissues.In such cases, an innovative technique of impressionmaking by using a close fitting tray and anelastomeric impression material tomake a proper impression to achieve maximum retentionand stability.This article describes an impression technique used for highly resorbed mandibular ridge using an all green impression technique, to gain maximum retention andstability
Steganographic Technique Using Instant Messaging Conversation DynamicsQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : Steganography is considered to be not only the science but also the art of hiding secret messages into other innocuous and non-secret media of different types. History of steganography started with the history of civilization and algorithms of data hiding have been constantly developed with the rise of mankind's knowledge. Some of steganographic algorithms are so close connected to the use of digital media, computers and information technology, that those algorithms do not have analogy in non-digital world. It is possible to see the use of hard disk drives (HDD), solid state discs (SSD) and file systems for the purpose of steganography, or steganography in TCP/IP networks as the example. In this paper we are concentrating on such algorithm and we are examining the possibility of the use of dynamics of conversation realized with the use of instant messaging services, which are very popular standalone services or are part of widely used social networks like Facebook. The paper discusses the possibility of hidden message encoding by the use of different parameters of conversation dynamics and introduces new algorithm and its program implementation. The last part of the paper summarizes results of its experimental use.
Simple Obfuscation Tool for Software ProtectionQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the issue of source code obfuscation and also the creation of a tool for automatic obfuscation of source code written in C language. The result is a tool that performs both data flow and control flow obfuscation and allows the user to configure the applied transformation algorithm. For easier and better usability the tool provides a graphical user interface, which brings possibility to control and configure transformation process.
Block Hybrid Method for the Solution of General Second Order Ordinary Differe...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: We consider the construction of block hybrid method for the solution of general second order ODEs. Derivation of the method was based on the use of hermite polynomial as basis function. The main method and its additional equations are obtained from the same continuous formulation via interpolation and collocation procedures. The method is then applied in block form as simultaneous numerical integrator, this approach eliminates requirement for starting values, and it also reduces computational effort. The stability properties of the method is discussed and the stability region shown. Two numerical experiments were given to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the new method.
Modeling – Based Instructional Strategy for Enhancing Problem Solving Ability...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The modeling-based instructional framework accommodates the physics modeling mechanism in which the learner apply the fundamental principles in physics and develop an idealized physics model of the real world situation by means of assumptions and approximations. The present study was intended to find out the effectiveness of Modeling-based instructional strategy for enhancing physics problem solving ability of students at secondary school level. The investigator adopted a quasi-experimental method with two group pretest post-test design for the study. The sample selected for the study consisted of 242 IX standard students from three different schools of Palakkad district. The tools used for collecting the data were the Problem Solving Ability Test in Physics, lesson designs based on Modeling-based instructional strategy and activity oriented method. The findings of the study concluded that the Modeling-based instructional strategy enhanced the problem solving ability of students of secondary school level. And also the strategy scaffolded the formation of mental models of problem representations with in the cognitive structure of the learner.
Exploring the Effectiveness of the Arabic LanguageTeaching Methods in Indones...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The aim of this research work is to identify the effectiveness of the Arabic language teaching methods in Indonesia(National University of Malang for Sample)in terms of making use of Arabic as a medium of communication among the students in the light of the modern approaches in teaching and learning of Arabic language. This research is methodologically characterized as a descriptive, analytical, evaluative and field research work. In order to arrive at the purpose of this study, a questionnaire has been designed and carried out on a specimen from the teachers of the concerned university. Eventually, the study has arrived into a finding that the method used in the university is the Eclectic Method (i.e. Selective Method), except that translation is utilized extensively with it, and it might influentially cause the depreciation of the communication skill of the students, and the major intermediary language for the Arabic language teaching is the Indonesian language. However, its uncontrolled over-usage in the Arabic language teaching procedure may negatively cause the weakness of the students in the listening and speaking skills, since they could not get enough opportunity to practice them during language learning, in addition to the fact that the teachers might be employed as Arabic language teachers on the basis of their high conversance with the grammatical rules of Arabic language and not on their skills in the Arabic language communication medium.
The Teller & The Tales: A Study of The Novels of Amitav GhoshQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The paper re-visit the plot and setting of the novels of Amitav Ghosh. The paper has two parts – (i)The Teller & (ii) The Tales. In the first section the text tries to give a brief sketch of the life of Amitav Ghosh to chornicle the life of the visionary commentator of life and the social anthroplogist , the most prominent among the Indian writers of English. In the second part the theme and storyline of the novels were revisted along with characters and narrative technique. The first section has been introduced to give an overview of the prolificness of the author and the second part is the testimony of his logocentricism. The paper aims to present the plot and theme of all Ghosh’s novels
ABSTRACT: The purpose of Larkin as literary artist was to convey his ultimate message that man has to transcend the gross environment for the attainment for final goal. His poem opens with important question which prompt us to scrutinize ourselves. According to Philip Larkin “when you come to talk about once duty as writer then ones can say that his duty is to write for harmony”. In this paper there an urge in Larkin’s poem to attain transcendental knowledge by which everything is known. The meaningful change in environment through literature result from the development of qualities and attitude that foster constructive pattern of human interaction through literature. In an age of highly industrialized and mechanized structure of our society where we have 'given our hearts away a sordid boon' and where all spiritual values have been thrown overboard, the relevance of selecting this topic "Spiritual Quest in Philip Larkin" becomes important. In Larkin's poetry there is invariably, an element of spiritual crises, a note of subsequent struggle to step out of it. This inner conflict to proceed forward in the path of Divine realization lends magnificence to his poetic and spiritual personality.
The Influence of Religiosity on Marital Satisfaction and Stability AmongChris...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Various studies indicate that religious couples are more likely to enjoy stable and happy marriages. They are also less likely to experience conflict and violence, or to divorce perhaps because religion offers couples theologically grounded guidelines on how to handle marital conflicts when they arise. The present qualitative study was conducted using face to face interviews with nine participants in Kenya who had been identified as practicing Christians. The aim of the study was to explore how religiosity impacted the participant’s marital satisfaction. Results indicated that specific attributes related to religiosity like individual and partner prayer, reading the Bible, church attendance, impacted participants and their spouses lives positively and in turn their experiences in marriage. Engaging in religious practices was reported by the participants as eliciting qualities like perseverance, forgiveness and humility which in turn assisted them in keeping their marriages stable and thus resulting in marital satisfaction
The SA0 Group Reservoir ’S Compositive Evaluation In The Central Developing P...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Using the data from logging in a net of high density, the sand core from a airtight well, and the testing data for oil and gas , and then according to the experiment of exploitation, we studied the deposit visage in macroscopical way, the physical characteristics of the reservoir, and the partition of the oil and gas’s border. It is clear that the zero group of Sa’s oil floor is mainly deposit in the foreside of a delta under the background of lake incursion, and the ventro-delta express a character that there were some sandstones which was transited for two times. Make a certain that the oil and gas’s border of zero group in Sa is maybe 600m underground, and demarcated the maximal square is 26.8km2 about this reservoir, and tell us that it lies in the top of the anticline. Of course, this production can be used in the designing of the zero group of Sa’s exploitation
Down the Purgatory of Memories:The Pain of Remembering in M alayalam Naxal Ci...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:Keralam, the southern most state in India is known for its cinema and politics. It is in Kerala that Communist Party came to power through Parliamentary election process for the first time in history. The political consciousness nurtured by the Communist movement found its reflections in Malayalam (language being spoken by the people of Keralam) Cinema as well. As a result films produced during the formative years of Malayalam Cinema were characterized by their political content. Having said this it should also be added that since those films are produced within the dominant production system with a view to garner profit they fail to politically stimulate the audience. But the situation had been changed after the Naxalite (radical left movement ideologically inclined to Maoism) uprising in 1969 during which both the feudal/bourgeois value orientations and the alleged degeneration of the Communist Party were challenged by the educated radical youths who fought for an immediate revolution. The state promptly intervened and contained Naxalite uprising with an iron fist. The repressive machinery of the state intervened whenever instances of resistance occurred. The Emergency declared in 1975 exposed the inhuman face of government that unleashed series of tortures against its citizens. The post -1980 political films, otherwise called as Naxalite films, try to recapture the tormenting experience of being political during the time of such mass oppression. Those movies resort to memory to expose the stark experience of the past.Remembering is a way of representing the past with all its nuances as it situates the remembering subject at close proximity with the past. At the same time Naxalite movies explored the possibility of forgetting also to unveil the subtle complexities of individual's relationship with the past. Here I consider two Malayalam films-AmmaAriyan(1986) directed by John Abraham and Margam (2003) directed by Rajeev Vijayaraghavan- to investigate how memory and oblivion are meticulously used by the filmic narratives to politicize a society already under the grip of political amnesia.
Professional Competences: An Integrative Approach for Defining The Training C...QUESTJOURNAL
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2. Tooth Contact Sounds-Can It Evaluate Occlusion?
*Corresponding Author: Sajani Ramachandran1
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also influence the length of clinical procedures and lab procedures since it could be done while the patient is
present and perhaps negate the need to do so on articulator.
II .OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was
To check relevance of tooth contact sounds in a wave form in evaluating occlusion
To evaluate if these sounds could be used to identify occlusal events.
III. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The subjects fulfilling the following criteria were selected at random
1. There should be intact dentition of 28 or 32 permanent teet
2. Angle’s class I molar relashionship
3. Absence of any restorations or orofacial pain
4. Absence of any removable or fixed prosthesis
5. No history of orthodontic treatment or extraction of permanent teeth
42 subjects aged between 18-27 years were selected out of these 28 were females and 14 were males .
Informed consent was obtained from all the subjects and clearance from the ethics committee was obtained prior
to the study.The subjects were made to sit back comfortably with the feet resting on a wooden surface. A highly
sensitive microphone (Nihon Kohden Corporation ,Japan) stabilized with an adhesive tape (DNP
Enterprise,Ahmedabad) was attached to the forehead of the subjects. The microphone was connected to
polygraph system (Nihon Kohden Corporation, Japan) which was adjusted so that the thermo sensitive recording
paper moved at a speed of 200metres/second. Prior to recording, the subjects were trained to bite in the
respective positions without interruption .To maintain a uniformity in recording, the subjects were trained to bite
two times per second in maximum intercuspation , and the eccentric movements at one bite per second .Subjects
were made to make eight tooth contacts in maximum intercuspation position and two cycles of eccentric
movements in right lateral, left lateral and protrusive positions. The lateral contact was to be made until
maxillary and mandibular canines came into edge to edge contact. The protrusive movements were made until
the maxillary and mandibular central incisors came into edge to edge contact. The tooth contact sounds were
converted to wave form by a polygraph machine (Fig1).In order to avoid any inter operator as well as intra
operator bias the equipments were handled by the same operator who was a trained technician .The subjects
were trained by the investigator prior to the recording . The components of the wave pattern were studied
as’impacts ‘ and ‘slides’ .High amplitude waves were considered as impacts (Fig 2)and low amplitude waves as
slides (Fig 3)The wave pattern of sounds were evaluated for slides and impacts in different occlusal positions.
The duration of impacts and slides present in the tooth contact were measured .The slides could be either before
or after the impact. The measurement was made between the point of commencement of the wave pattern and
the point at which the wave pattern changed from high amplitude to low amplitude .The number of waves
present in each slide and impact were calculated.
IV. RESULTS
Out of the 42 subjects of the study 33% were males and 67% were females .The sounds of tooth
contact were converted into wave pattern and the components of the wave pattern were studied as impacts and
slides .When there was a stable tooth contact it was represented as an impact which is a wave with increased
amplitude. If tooth contact was not stable smaller amplitude vibrations appear before or after the main peaks
suggesting there was a slight element of slide. The wave patterns analysed were classified into four types
Impact (I) , Slide –Impact (S-I), Impact –Slide(I-S) and Slide-Impact–Slide (S-I-S) .Out of the 42 subjects
selected for the present study the number of subjects who had only Impact in wave pattern were 2.Slide
followed by impact was shown by 16 subjects ,impact followed by slide were in 8 subjects and first a slide then
an impact followed by another slide was shown by 16 subjects (Table1). The number of waves in the maximum
intercuspation position, right lateral, left lateral and protrusive positions were analyzed. Some of the wave
patterns in maximum intercuspation position had only impacts whereas others had a combination of impacts
and slides .Slide 1 was the slide before an impact and slide 2 was a slide seen after an impact .It was seen that
right lateral, left lateral and protrusive movements had only slides and no impacts. Duration of each wave was
measured in milliseconds . The mean values of the slides in maximum intercuspation position for all the groups
showed that it differed in the four groups. It was found to be statistically significant with 95% level of
confidence (p<0.05) (table2). Mean value of impacts in maximum intercuspation position for all the types were
found to be similar and was not found to be statistically significant p>.05 (Table3).The distribution of mean
values slides and impact were evaluated to find the statistical significance with regard to the different
types.(Table 4).In the maximum intercuspation position the groups were dissimilar with regard to the number of
slide1 and slide2 and the difference was found to be statistically significant( p<0.05) but the groups were similar
3. Tooth Contact Sounds-Can It Evaluate Occlusion?
*Corresponding Author: Sajani Ramachandran1
18 | Page
with regard to the number of impact and were not found to be statistically significant (p>0.05). In right lateral
position the groups were different with respect to the number of slides (p<0.05).In the left lateral and
protrusive position there was no statistically significant difference in the mean values of slide in four groups
(Table5). The lateral and protrusive movements had only slide and no impacts .The mean duration of slide 1 and
slide 2 in milliseconds differed in four different groups in maximum intercuspation position and was found to be
statistically significant (p<.05) .Statistically significant difference was not found between the four types in the
duration of impacts in maximum intercuspation position (p>0.05) The mean duration of slides in right lateral
and left lateral position differed in the four groups and was found to be statistically significant ( p<0.05).But the
mean duration of slides in protrusive position was not different in the four groups and hence not statistically
significant (p>.05).
V. DISCUSSION
In this study, the gnathosonic concept was used to study the quality of occlusion and to check the
influence of these sounds in identifying occlusal events. The tooth contact sounds were recorded in four occlusal
positions namely maximum intercuspation, left lateral, right lateral and protrusive positions. The duration of
sounds of tooth impact between individuals and between different occlusal positions in the same individual was
studied by David M Watt 1,7
.He studied the tooth contact sounds by recording them in three different occlusal
positions namely, edge to edge in anterior teeth ,centric occlusion and lateral occlusal position. When
gnathosonic sounds were recorded the patients’ head should be held upright, as change in head position would
alter the occlusion and would affect the sounds of tooth contact. The analysis of wave pattern in our study
showed that they could be classified into 4 types. On examination of a large number of records of tooth
contacts, a classification of sounds of tooth contact was put forward by David M Watt 1,7
as follows
Class A: All the sounds are impacts of short duration (less than 30 milli seconds indicate that all tooth contacts
are stable.
Class B: Some sounds are short and some are prolonged indicating some stable and some unstable tooth
contacts
Class C: All the sounds are prolonged over 30 milli seconds indicating that all the tooth contacts are unstable.
Measurement of impacts was made from the commencement of high amplitude wave to the point at which it
transformed into low amplitude wave .Slides were measured from low amplitude waves which appeared either
before the impact or after the impact and in some cases both before and after the impact. The subjects were
classified according to the wave pattern and the maximum number of subjects belonged to slide –impact and
slide-impact –slide group and minimum number in impact group. From this we could derive that 5% of the
subjects had stable tooth contact and 95% of subjects had unstable tooth contact in maximum intercuspation
position .This was in conformation with the study of tooth sounds by David M Watt stating that the duration of
sound of tooth contact in maximum intercuspation was found to be related to the quality of occlusion. Unstable
contacts produced sounds of longer duration than stable contacts A study investigating the relationship between
the tooth contact sound ,its wave pattern and the relationship of the components of wave pattern was done
earlier. The gnathosonic parameter used in the study was reliable and could be used in the study of quality of
occlusion 8.
This was in support of our study of tooth contact sounds in determining the quality of occlusion. On
analyzing the wave pattern in our study it was observed that maximum intercuspation position had impacts and
slides whereas other occlusal positions had only slides. Moreover, duration and mean number of slides in
maximum intercuspation position was found to be lesser than in other occlusal positions..Hence the study of
tooth contact sounds in wave pattern could be used to differentiate between maximum intercuspation position
and other occlusal positions .Correction of occlusion is mainly done with articulating paper and also depended
on the patient’s opinion that the occlusion is comfortable. The patients’ opinions are often subjective and at
times unreliable. If there is an easy and reliable technique to determine if a stable occlusion has been attained
without any high points on the prosthesis it would be very satisfying. Further studies need to be done to
determine if these tooth contact sounds could be used as a reliable aid in the diagnosis of occlusal
abnormalities.Although the concept of gnathosonics ,was explored quite long ago, it is still to become popular as
elaborate equipments are required to convert the sounds of tooth contact into wave form. Further studies need to
be done to decode the sounds of tooth contact and this concept could be used to develop a software which can be
made easily available to dentists to use it in everyday dental practice.
VI. TABLES
Table 1
Classification of wave pattern of tooth contact sounds
TYPE OF WAVE NUMBER PERCENTAGE
I 2 5
I-S 16 38
S-I 8 19
4. Tooth Contact Sounds-Can It Evaluate Occlusion?
*Corresponding Author: Sajani Ramachandran1
19 | Page
S-I-S 16 38
Table2
Mean number of slides in maximum intercuspation position in the four types
TYPE OF WAVE NUMBER OF SLIDES
I 0
S-I 5.13
I-S 2.4
S-I-S 7.3
Table 3:
Mean number of impacts in maximum intercuspation position in four types
TYPES OF WAVE NUMBER OF IMPACTS
I 3.0
S-I 3.4
I-S 3.5
S-I-S 3.69
Table 4:
Duration of mean number of slides and impacts in 4 different types of waves in different occlusal positions
Type Means1 Mean
Impact
Means2 Rt Lateral Lt Lateral Protrusive
I 0 3
0
4.5 5.5 6.5
S-I 5.13 3.44 0 11.13 11.81 11.19
I-S 0 3.5 2.38 8.5 9.38 9.65
S-I-S 4.06 3.69 3.25 11.63 11 11.13
P<.05 P>.05 P<.05 P<.05 P>.05 P>.05
Table 5:
Duration Of Mean Values Of Slides And Impacts In Four Types In Different Occlusal Positions
Types Means1 Mean Impact Mean S2 Rt Lateral Lt Lateral Protrusive
I 0 52.5 0 175 125 175
S-I 104.69 104.69 0 184.38 223 221.88
I-S 0 51.25 30.63 131.25 168.75 175
S-I-S 66.5 68.75 51.56 225 221.88 231.25
P<.05 P>.05 P<.05 P<.05 P<.05 P>.05
Figures
Figure 1 .Polygraph machine
5. Tooth Contact Sounds-Can It Evaluate Occlusion?
*Corresponding Author: Sajani Ramachandran1
20 | Page
Figure 2 High amplitude waves
Figure 3. Low amplitude waves
VII. Conclusion
The study was done to evaluate the wave pattern of tooth contact sounds in different occlusal positions
namely maximum intercuspation, right lateral ,left lateral and protrusive positions. The studied subjects could be
classified into four groups depending on the wave pattern obtained.95% of the subjects had slides in maximum
intercuspation position and 5% belonged to the group without slides which was considered to be stable
occlusion . When there were lesser slides the occlusion could be considered to be stable .Mean number and
duration of slides in maximum intercuspation position in four different groups were found to be different and
the variation was found to be statistically significant .The duration and the number of slides in eccentric
positions were found to be more than that in maximum intercuspation position.This study suggested that we
might get a particular wave form for a person when the teeth contact is made before a prosthesis is placed .This
wave pattern may be used to compare with the wave form which could be got after the prosthesis is placed
.Further studies need to be done to know how this wave pattern could be used in correction of occlusion. The
study of wave pattern of impacts and slides in occlusal contact could help in correcting the occlusion to a stable
position and this could be used as a ready reckoner to assess the quality of occlusion and also as a guide for
future reference for the dentist.
Acknowledgements
1.Dr Shyam SinghFormer Principal,Professor and Head Department of Prosthodontics Mahatma Gandhi Post
graduate Institute Of Dental Sciences Pondicherry
2.Dr Y Mahadev Shastry Former Faculty,Department of Prosthodontics Mahatma Gandhi Post graduate
Institute of Dental sciences Pondicherry
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