1. The document outlines Dr. Mohammed Almuzian's process for orthodontic diagnosis, which involves gathering information from the patient's medical history, dental history, clinical examination, and diagnostic records.
2. The clinical examination includes assessing the patient's facial profile, smile, dental alignment, occlusion, and temporomandibular joint from frontal, lateral, and intraoral views.
3. Diagnostic records like dental casts, radiographs, and photographs are evaluated to aid in diagnosis, treatment planning, monitoring treatment, and for legal and teaching purposes. Storage of records for at least 11 years is recommended.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Canine Impaction and Its Importance in OrthodonticsAnalhaq Shaikh
Canine Impaction, Its Importance in Orthodontics, Etiology, Diagnosis and Management.
by Dr Analhaq Shaikh, 2nd year Postgraduate student, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka
Canine Impaction can also be termed as Shy Canine.
Effect of lacebacks in maxillary canine retraction /certified fixed orthodont...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Canine Impaction and Its Importance in OrthodonticsAnalhaq Shaikh
Canine Impaction, Its Importance in Orthodontics, Etiology, Diagnosis and Management.
by Dr Analhaq Shaikh, 2nd year Postgraduate student, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimoga, Karnataka
Canine Impaction can also be termed as Shy Canine.
Effect of lacebacks in maxillary canine retraction /certified fixed orthodont...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Cephalometric Analysis of discrepancy in Vertical planeDr. Shriya Murarka
Cephalometric is the key ingredient to the serving of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. However, compilation of all parameters, that would give the accountability of all vertical problems of a given malocclusion is rarely found. This presentation is an attempt to help students to go through all existing problems in a orthodontic patient in vertical plane at one go.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
biomechanics of space closure in orthodonticcs / fixed orthodontics coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cephalometric Analysis of discrepancy in Vertical planeDr. Shriya Murarka
Cephalometric is the key ingredient to the serving of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. However, compilation of all parameters, that would give the accountability of all vertical problems of a given malocclusion is rarely found. This presentation is an attempt to help students to go through all existing problems in a orthodontic patient in vertical plane at one go.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
biomechanics of space closure in orthodonticcs / fixed orthodontics coursesIndian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.for more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
00919248678078
Digital imaging in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Digital imaging /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
William R Proffit was respected in orthodontics. His life journey started in 1936 and ended in 2018. In between, he did lots of research work in orthodontics. He publishes around 170 research articles most of the articles are very helpful for postgraduate students. His nickname was Bill. He joined the faculty at the University of Kentucky in 1965 and served as the first chairman of the orthodontics department, and then taught at the University of Florida for 2 years.
In 1975, he returned to UNC and joined the orthodontics faculty. He served as a professor and later became chair of the department of orthodontics, a post he held for 26 years. Dr Proffit's textbook, Contemporary Orthodontics, the standard used in dental schools throughout the world, is the world's most influential orthodontic resource.
He contributed to and guided every chapter in every edition, and that is its strength and reason for its endurance.
He coauthored Contemporary Treatment of Dentofacial Deformity and 2 other books on surgical-orthodontic treatment.
Diagnosis And Treatment Planning in Fixed Prosthodontics.pptxAbhidha Tripathi
The treatment planning is based on the identification of the need of a patient, ascertaining expectations
and comparing these with the available techniques. Thereafter a sequence of treatment may be initiated
for therapy, symptomatic relief, stabilization, and follow up. This paper focuses on the importance of
properly sequenced treatment planning for fixed partial denture cases.
The mandibular second premolar is one of the most frequently impacted teeth. The recommended treatment is to extract the second primary molar with or without removing the bone along the eruption path, to uncover the tooth surgically and move it into the arch by orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this article is to review the principles of case management of soft tissue impacted second premolars mandibular and to illustrate their potential to respond well to the treatment. Although the scope of treatment may depend on a varying range of factors, this case report demonstrates the inherent potential for good treatment outcome in cases of soft tissue impactions.
The purpose of this article is to review the principles of case management of soft tissue impacted second premolars mandibular and to illustrate their potential to respond well to the treatment. Although the scope of treatment may depend on a varying range of factors, this case report demonstrates the inherent potential for good treatment outcome in cases of soft tissue impactions
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
1. UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY
Orthodontic Diagnosis
Dr. Mohammed Almuzian
B.D.S. (Hons), M.Sc.Orth. (Distinction), D.Clin.Dent.Orth. (UK), M.Sc. HCA (Merit) (USA), MFDS RCS (Edinburgh), MFD RCS
(Ireland), MJDF RCS (England), MFDS RCPS (Glasgow), MRCDS Orth. (Sydney), M.Orth. RCS (Edinburgh), FIADFE (USA),
IM.Orth. RCS (England/Glasgow)
1/1/2015
.
2. Dr. Mohammed Almuzian, Lecturer., University of Sydney, 20151
Orthodontic Diagnosis
Diagnosis is the definition of the problem. Treatment planning is based on
diagnosis and is the process ofplanning changes needed to eliminate the
problems. Treatment is execution of the plan. (Arnnett 1993)
The database information sources
1. Questions of the patient (written and oral),
2. Clinical examination of the patient
3. Evaluation of diagnostic records, including dental casts, radiographs and
photographs.
Questionnaire/Interview
1. Chief Complaint
It usually started by this question:
‘’Tell me whatbothers you aboutyour face or your teeth’’
This will influence the treatment plan in case of:
1. Treatment approach. For example: Is the patient bothered by the appearance or
function of an anterior open bite or is it the long face or the gummy smile that are
the main concern? This may strongly influence the choice between Young Kim
type orthodontic mechanics and a Le Fort osteotomy.
2. Expectation of the patients
3. Dr. Mohammed Almuzian, Lecturer., University of Sydney, 20152
3. Decision in the borderline case. Forexample: Is the patient bothered by the
prominent upper teeth or also by the receding chin? This may profoundly affect
the chosen plan in cases of borderline skeletal severity.
2. Medicalhistories
1. Has the child been hospitalized? This help to evaluate history of trauma
2. Immunization update? Since soft tissue injuries increased in orthodontic
appliance wearer.
3. Allergy to medication or other thing? Specially to medication or latex, nickel
4. Infectious disease?Infection control
5. Heart diseases?Forantibiotic cover
6. Arthritis? Mandibular growth
7. Cancer?Evaluate radiation or chemotherapy which affect growth and need good
OH and orthodontic treatment is preferable to be postponed until curing
8. Tonsiland adenoid and sinus? AOB
9. Diabetis?Good OH
10.Epilepsy? Trauma by braces and need good OH due to hyperplasia
11.Growth problem? May be patient took growth pills which affect growth
modification appliance.
12.Long-term medication of any type, and if so, for what purpose. This may
reveal systemic disease or metabolic problems that the patient did not report in
any other way. Chronic medical problems in adults or children do not
4. Dr. Mohammed Almuzian, Lecturer., University of Sydney, 20153
contraindicate orthodontic treatment if the medical problem is under control, but
special precautions may be necessary , In adults being treated for arthritis or
osteoporosis, high doses ofprostaglandin inhibitors or resorption-inhibiting
agents may impede orthodontic tooth movement
3. Dental history
1. GDP attendance?Motivation and awareness
2. Complication following any dental treatment? To avoid it
3. Number of brushing and diet control? To controlit before orthodontic
treatment.
4. Previous orthodontic treatment? Increased risk for OIIRR
5. Any x-ray taken? To reduce unnecessary repeat
6. Dental family problem? Like hypodontia or class III.
7. Trauma to teeth or jaw? Traumatized teeth resorb faster or TMJ fracture may
affect growth.
8. Pain or clicking in TMJ? Need to be address and reported to avoid potential
legal action
9. Habit? Aetiology of malocclusion and stability of results
4. PhysicalGrowth Evaluation
This can be done by:
1. Questioning about how rapidly the child has grown recently, whether clothes or
shoes sizes have changed,
5. Dr. Mohammed Almuzian, Lecturer., University of Sydney, 20154
2. Evaluating the signs of sexual maturation
3. Height weight growth chart
4. Cervical maturity
5. Hand wrist technique
6. Dental development
5. Behavioural Evaluation
Asking, “Do you think you need braces which can do this?” This will help to
determine:
1. Patient expectation
2. Patient concern
3. Type of motivation whether internal or external motivation.
4. The degree of cooperation
Clinical Evaluation
Frontal View
Facialtype Facialindex 1.3:1
Bizygomatic facialwidth 70% of TFH
Bitemporal width 60 % of TFH
Bigonialwidth 50% of TFH
6. Dr. Mohammed Almuzian, Lecturer., University of Sydney, 20155
Vertical heights TFH (190-210mm) is one-tenth of
standing height
upper third from
hairline (trichion) to
glabella,
Equal (62-70 mm for each)
middle third from
glabella to subnasale,
lowerthird from
subnasale to softtissue
menton
Upper lip 19-22mm
Lower lip and chin 42-48mm
Interlabial gap 1-5mm
Symmetry
assessment
Facialmidline Middle of philtrum of upper lip
(Cupid’s bow) and glabella
centre of the nasal bridge to
Middle of philtrum of upper lip
vertical perpendicular from
glabella
‘Rule of fifths’. Each fifth =width of an eye=
34mm
7. Dr. Mohammed Almuzian, Lecturer., University of Sydney, 20156
Mouth width=distance between
the medial iris margins=65mm
Alar base width=intercanthal
distance= one fifth=34mm
Skeletalbase
assessment
Mandibular assessment Chin-Jawline
parallel to interpupillary line
Maxillary assessment Orbital rim
Cheek contour
sclera show
Paranasal hollowing/flatness
Lip assessment Vertical lip lines level Lower lip cover incisal third of
U1.
U1 exposure at rest 2–4 mm
Lip activity Normal
Hypo or hyper
Lip morphology Vermilion show of lower lip
12mm, upper lip 9mm.
Lip position competent
incompetence
Potentially competent
8. Dr. Mohammed Almuzian, Lecturer., University of Sydney, 20157
Rolled blind upper lip
Smile analysis The smile arc Ui slightly touch vermilion
borderof L lip
Width of smile Visible U4
Posedsmile 70-100% exposure of incisors 7-
8mm
Maximum smile 100% exposure of incisors 9-
11mm +4mm gingival show
Dentoalveolar
assessment
Overbite 3mm or 1/3-1/2 of the Li height
Occlusalplane (Upper,
lower, anterior posterior)
parallel to interpupillary line
Maxillary dental midline Coincident with FML and LML
Mandibular dental
midline
Coincident with FML and UML
Profile View
Totalprofile analysis
1. Soft tissue nasion to FH Maxilla should be approximately 2-3 mm in
9. Dr. Mohammed Almuzian, Lecturer., University of Sydney, 20158
(Sandler 2006) front, and the softtissue pogonion should lie 2
mm behind this facial plane.
2. Steiner_Kole technique
3.
It is used to determine the convexity of the
dentofacial complex by using SN-MP angle
which is 32 degree.
The face can be classified into divergent,
convergent or normal
Angle of convexity (facial
convexity or facialangle)
Burstone
Glabella-subnasale-pog 11-30 degree
Powellanalysis Nasofrontal angle 160 degree
Nasofacial angle 40 degree
Nasomental angle (Totalfacial angle)160 degree
Mentocervical angle 100 degree
Analysis of the high midface
Soft tissue glabella 2mm ahead of the soft tissue nasion
Orbital rim 2mm posterior to the eye globe
10. Dr. Mohammed Almuzian, Lecturer., University of Sydney, 20159
Check bone contour. smoothly convex from the outer canthus of the
eye through the sub-pupil area to end in the alar
base
Analysis of the maxillary area
Nasalbase Subnasale is on 0 degree Meridian line
Nasalprojection Distance from tip of the nose to TVL 22m
AP lip position The upper lip normally touch the True Vertical
Line TVL
The upper lip should be 4 mm behind E line
The lips should touch S line
H line should touch U lip & bisect the nose.
Relationshipof upper lip to
nose
Naso-labial angle
85–120
Analysis of the mandibular area
AP lip position The lower lip 0.5mm-2mm behind TVL
The lower lip 2 mm behind E line
11. Dr. Mohammed Almuzian, Lecturer., University of Sydney, 201510
The lower lip should touch or 1mm ahead of S
line
Relationshipof lowerlip to
chin
Labiomental angle
110–130
AP chin position Bass aesthetic line touch softtissue Pog
Soft tissue pog should be 0 ± 2 mm to Zero
Meridian
Holdaway angle (n-pog-ls) 15 degree
Z angle (FH-pog-ls or li) 71-89 degree
Relationshipof chin to
submental plane
Lip-chin-submental plane angle: average 90–110
Submental plane length 40mm
1. Dental Appearance: Micro-Esthetics.
1. ToothProportions
Golden Proportion
Height-Width Relationships
Gingival Heights, Shape and Contour
2. Connectors and Embrasures
3. ToothShade and Color
12. Dr. Mohammed Almuzian, Lecturer., University of Sydney, 201511
Functional analysis
1. Evaluation of TMJ
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Joint noises
Discomfort with jaw movement / muscle tenderness
Amount of opening and lateral excursion in mm. Opening is usually > 40 mm and
lateral excursion > an upper incisor width.
2. Evaluation of swallowing
Normal swallowing process includes:
Lip seals
Tip of tongue moved upward to touch the palate
Teeth are contacted slightly
Floor of mouth elevated
In abnormal adaptive behaviour one of the scenarios might occur:
Tongue to lower lip swallow (Cl2 d1 and AOB)
Lower lip to palate (CL2d1 with normal incomplete OB)
Tongue to upper lip (CLIII)
Mandibular posturewith lip to lip seal (mod CL2D2)
13. Dr. Mohammed Almuzian, Lecturer., University of Sydney, 201512
3. Dynamic occlusionassessment
Assessment of functional occlusion including (canine guidance, group function
and incisor guidance)
Assessment of ICP and RCP (sometime the patient has habitual CR in order to
help to achieve oral seal, or due to respiratory needs, or for aesthetic
camouflaging (to camouflage underlying skeletal problem) or to decrease load on
incisor in cl3)
Path of closure: either deviation or displacement. The displacement can occur
backward with Cl2d2 or forward in cl3 or laterally in crossbite.
Intraoral examination
1. Evaluation of Oral Health
1. Count number of teeth
2. Caries
3. Any other pathology
4. PD examination
Using WHO probe, examine all first molars and upper right and lower left central
incisor with a force of 20-25gm.
Code0: healthy (need no treatment)
Code1: bleeding no probing (OHI)
Code2: bleeding + calculus or overhang (OHI+scalling)
14. Dr. Mohammed Almuzian, Lecturer., University of Sydney, 201513
Code3: bleeding + probing 3.5-5.5mm (OHI+sclling+ RP)
Code4: more than 6mm probing (surgery)
2. Static occlusalassessment
Labial segments (crowding , spacing, inclination, angulation, rotation and
malposition)
Buccal segments (crowding , spacing, inclination, angulation, rotation and
malposition)
OJ
OB
CL
Crossbite
COS
Evaluation of diagnostic records, including dental casts, radiographs and
photographs.
Orthodontic diagnostic records help in:
1. Diagnosis
2. TP
3. Monitor treatment and growth changes
4. Presentation for patient
15. Dr. Mohammed Almuzian, Lecturer., University of Sydney, 201514
5. Mediolegal
6. Teaching
7. Audit and research
Storage:
Their use is widespread but is associated with several problems, mainly storage,
breakage and loss. For medico-legal purposes, the British Dental Association
suggests that records should be kept for a minimum of 11 years after completion
of treatment. Sometime, digital study model can be used with reasonable degree
of reproducibility compared to plaster study model. Noar, 2012
Gold standard records
1. Study model: Han and Vig 1991showed that in class II cases, the study model
alone in a majority of cases (55%), provided adequate information for treatment
planning, and incremental addition of information from other types of diagnostic
records made small differences.
2. Cephalometric: Nijkamp 2008, that cephalometrics are not required for
orthodontic treatment planning, as they did not influence treatment decisions for
patient with class II malocclusion.
Articulating the study model:
Ellis and Benson 2013, Articulation of the study models did not affect the
treatment planning decisions in a meaningful manner.