International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
JOURNAL CLUB ON CORONALLY ADVANCED FLAP vs THE POUCH TECHNIQUE COMBINED WITH ...Shilpa Shiv
CORONALLY ADVANCED FLAP vs THE POUCH TECHNIQUE COMBINED WITH A CONNECTIVE TISSUE GRAFT TO TREAT MILLER'S CLASS I GINGIVAL RECESSION, JCP 2014;41(4):387-395.
journal club on Combined Surgical Resective and Regenerative Therapy forAdva...Shilpa Shiv
JC on Combined Surgical Resective and Regenerative Therapy forAdvanced Peri-implantitis with Concomitant Soft Tissue Volume Augmentation: A Case Report. IJPRD 2014.
JOURNAL CLUB ON CORONALLY ADVANCED FLAP vs THE POUCH TECHNIQUE COMBINED WITH ...Shilpa Shiv
CORONALLY ADVANCED FLAP vs THE POUCH TECHNIQUE COMBINED WITH A CONNECTIVE TISSUE GRAFT TO TREAT MILLER'S CLASS I GINGIVAL RECESSION, JCP 2014;41(4):387-395.
journal club on Combined Surgical Resective and Regenerative Therapy forAdva...Shilpa Shiv
JC on Combined Surgical Resective and Regenerative Therapy forAdvanced Peri-implantitis with Concomitant Soft Tissue Volume Augmentation: A Case Report. IJPRD 2014.
Surgical v/s Non surgical periodontal therapy Achi Joshi
Both surgical and nonsurgical therapy produced improvement in the periodontal health.
Treatment approach was based on the comfort level of the practitioner.
In the late 60’s and continuing into the 70’s and 80’s, many series of longitudinal studies were conducted, aimed to document the immediate and most importantly long term clinical results following several types of periodontal therapy.
CARNOY’S SOLUTION AS A SURGICAL MEDICAMENT IN THETREATMENT OF KERATOCYSTIC O...DrKamini Dadsena
The term keratocyst was coined by Philipsen in 1956.
Unlike the other cystic lesion KOT, has got strong tendency for recurrence.
Treatment of these lesions remains controversial and has a number of dilemmas about the choice of treatment whether to use carnoys solution as an adjunct therapy after removal of the lesion.
Dr Rahul VC Tiwari - Novel Transoral Approach to the Posterolateral Maxilla and Infratemporal Region - 10th jc - DEPARTMENT OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY - SIBAR INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES, GUNTUR
Abstract—Submental intubation is a method for airway without trachiotomy. This study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the frequency, indications, and outcomes of airway management by submental intubation in maxillofacial trauma patients and comparison with tracheostomy regarding its advantages and disadvantages.40 patients with maxillofacial injuries were selected for submental intubation who required tracheostomy/ retromolar intubation in a 2 year period (2013–2015). Submental intubation permitted reduction and fixation of all the fractures without the interference of the tube during surgical procedure in all of the patients. It avoids retromolar intubation/ tracheostomy and its disadvantages.Thus,Submental intubation is a simple, safe, with low morbidity technique for operative airway management in maxillofacial trauma patients when there are fractures involving the nasal region and concomitant dental occlusion disturbances who required retromolar intubation/ tracheostomy for airway management during surgery.
Mahendra Azad et al. GAINT ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST OF MANDIBLE OPERATED UNDER LOCAL ANESTHESIA- A CASE REPORT. JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH & RESEARCH (VOL. 1, ISSUE 2, JUL - DEC 2020): 24-2
Surgical v/s Non surgical periodontal therapy Achi Joshi
Both surgical and nonsurgical therapy produced improvement in the periodontal health.
Treatment approach was based on the comfort level of the practitioner.
In the late 60’s and continuing into the 70’s and 80’s, many series of longitudinal studies were conducted, aimed to document the immediate and most importantly long term clinical results following several types of periodontal therapy.
CARNOY’S SOLUTION AS A SURGICAL MEDICAMENT IN THETREATMENT OF KERATOCYSTIC O...DrKamini Dadsena
The term keratocyst was coined by Philipsen in 1956.
Unlike the other cystic lesion KOT, has got strong tendency for recurrence.
Treatment of these lesions remains controversial and has a number of dilemmas about the choice of treatment whether to use carnoys solution as an adjunct therapy after removal of the lesion.
Dr Rahul VC Tiwari - Novel Transoral Approach to the Posterolateral Maxilla and Infratemporal Region - 10th jc - DEPARTMENT OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY - SIBAR INSTITUTE OF DENTAL SCIENCES, GUNTUR
Abstract—Submental intubation is a method for airway without trachiotomy. This study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the frequency, indications, and outcomes of airway management by submental intubation in maxillofacial trauma patients and comparison with tracheostomy regarding its advantages and disadvantages.40 patients with maxillofacial injuries were selected for submental intubation who required tracheostomy/ retromolar intubation in a 2 year period (2013–2015). Submental intubation permitted reduction and fixation of all the fractures without the interference of the tube during surgical procedure in all of the patients. It avoids retromolar intubation/ tracheostomy and its disadvantages.Thus,Submental intubation is a simple, safe, with low morbidity technique for operative airway management in maxillofacial trauma patients when there are fractures involving the nasal region and concomitant dental occlusion disturbances who required retromolar intubation/ tracheostomy for airway management during surgery.
Mahendra Azad et al. GAINT ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST OF MANDIBLE OPERATED UNDER LOCAL ANESTHESIA- A CASE REPORT. JOURNAL OF DENTAL HEALTH & RESEARCH (VOL. 1, ISSUE 2, JUL - DEC 2020): 24-2
Management of compound fracture tibia in children with titanium elastic nailsApollo Hospitals
Tibia fractures in the skeletally immature patient can usually be treated without surgery. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of flexible titanium nails in the open fracture tibia that requires operative stabilization.
Temporary Splinting in secondary trauma from occlusion followed by vestibular...dbpublications
Background: A 27 year old female patient presented with the chief complaint of pain and mobility in mandibular anterior teeth. An extremely shallow vestibule with less width of attached gingiva was observed with marginal gingival recession in 31, 32 and 41. Secondary trauma from occlusion was observed clinically with respect to 31. Methods: After adequate oral prophylaxis, the trauma from occlusion on 31 was relieved by selective grinding. The mobile mandibular anterior teeth were splinted with a temporary splint material (26 gauge stainless steel wire). The mandibular labial vestibule was extended using the lip switch procedure or the Edlan-Mejchar technique. Results: The procedure yielded a considerable gain in the width of the attached gingiva, which maintained itself even 9 months after the surgical procedure. Mobility was reduced with complete resolution of injury to the supporting tissues leading to improved function of the mandibular anterior teeth. Conclusion: Patients presenting with secondary trauma from occlusion and a shallow vestibule, treatment options such as oral prophylaxis, selective grinding, splinting combined with Edlan-Mejchar technique leads to complete resolution of mobility along with maintenance of the width of the attached gingival for a considerable period of time.
Stability of Orthopedic and Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion Over ...Maen Dawodi
At the present time no reports are available on the stability between orthopedic and surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion.
This study was designed to examine and compare the dental and skeletal changes over time for both orthopedic maxillary expansion and surgically assisted palatal expansion.
Bonded hyrax expansion appliances were fabricated for both groups
Same dental technician
Consistent materials and thickness of each hyrax appliance
Same operator, materials, adhesives used for bonding
Activation: once a day; 3-4 weeks
Retention:
“Removable Maxillary Hawley Appliance Retainer”
Worn 24 hours/day for 1year before undergoing any additional orthodontic treatment
**Inactivated mx expansion appliance was removed for a minimum of 2-3mos before debonding
Activation: 4x at a time of surgery and then once a day; 2-3 weeks
Retention: Transpalatal Arch
**Soldered to maxillary molar bands during the 1 year post expansion period
All surgeries performed by means of LE FORT 1 OSTEOTOMY without Down Fracture
Involved freeing up the maxilla from buttress and tuberosity areas
- To facilitate the effect of orthopedic appliances.
The hyrax appliance was expanded four turns during the surgical procedure to verify the extent and symmetry of the expansion.
An Evaluation of Short Term Success and Survival Rate of Implants Placed in F...DrHeena tiwari
An Evaluation of Short Term Success and Survival Rate of Implants Placed in Fresh Extraction Socket Post Prosthetic Rehabilitation- A Prospective Study
Gingival prosthesis: an efficient solution to severe gingival recessions in a...Premier Publishers
Clinical attachment loss in periodontal disease may lead to gingival recessions, elongation of the crowns, black triangles and unaesthetic appearance of maxillary anterior. For these problems surgical procedures may not have acceptable results in case of severe gingival recessions. Thus, non-surgical methods, like gingival prostheses/veneers, should be considered as an alternative treatment approach in such cases. It is an easy constructed and practical device to optimize the esthetic and functional outcome after the control of periodontal disease. This case report of young female patient illustrates treatment for an advanced tissue loss in a maxillary anterior area using a removable gingival prosthesis/veneers. This treatment modality offered a good optional solution and optimum esthetic patient satisfaction with a 2-year follow-up.
Peri implantitis treatment with regenerative approachajayashreep
This study evaluates the clinical results and compare reentry hard tissue measurements following regenerative surgery after strict implant decontamination peri-implantitis cases.
2 Stage Crown Lengthening VS 1 Stage Journal PresentationDr. B.V.Parvathy
This randomized controlled trial aimed to assess the efficacy of a two-
stage crown lengthening intervention (SCL) in the aesthetic zone
compared with a one-stage crown lengthening procedure (CCL).
omfs journal club ppt on bone ridge augmentationAkhil Sankar
This is a journal club to start with for new omfs pgs . This is correctly criticized and cross-checked ppt. Also, it is a relevant topic in day to day preactise
Biofunctional Prosthetic System in AlbaniaQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The median age of the population contingent of patients wearing full removable dentures is rising. We are dealing with a situation where jawbones are more and more atrophied. In order to construct an efficient total prosthesis we were based on the Biofunctional System, elaborated by U.Stuttgen. The preparation process of these dentures was built on the principles of Guided Functional Movement. The aim of our study was to construct a full removable prosthesis according to bilateral balanced occlusion with no alterations,interferences,deformities and to compare it to conventional prosthesis in terms of stability, function, achievement of balanced occlusion, strength, mechanical resistance, decubitus, sore and aesthetics. As a study material,we included 245 patients treated by us, who observed in 6 year long period. We divided patients into two groups: in the first one 133 patients treated by using biofunctional prosthesis, and 112 patients were part of the second group treated using conventional dentures. Based on the check up immediately after putting on the dentures and 6 years later, we concluded and compared the results of the prosthesis systems in both groups. As a result, we concluded that biofunctional prosthesis had a high advantage compared to the conventional ones in all terms.
The Use of Three Different Suturing Techniques for Wound Closure of Mucoperio...Ziad Hazim Delemi
The Use of Three Different Suturing Techniques for Wound Closure of Mucoperiosteal Flaps After Surgical Removal of Impacted Lower Wisdom Teeth (Comparative Study)
Similar to International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) (20)
The Use of Three Different Suturing Techniques for Wound Closure of Mucoperio...
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)
1. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 6718, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 670X
www.ijpsi.org Volume 3 Issue 1‖ January 2014‖ PP.46-50
Efficacy of Lateral Pedicle Graft in the Treatment of Isolated
Gingival Recession Defects
1
1,
Dr. Junima Rajkarnikar
Lecturer, Department of Periodontics and Implantology, College of Dental Sciences and Hospital- Nepal
Medical College (CODSH- NMC), Attarkhel , Nepal
ABSTRACT: Gingival recession is the most common mucogingival deformity and should be treated at its
earliest detection. Exposed root surfaces are more likely to develop root sensitivity and root caries and pose
esthetic problems. Among various procedures, laterally positioned pedicle graft (LPG) is widely used
successfully to cover Miller’s class-I and Class-II recession defects. The main advantages of the laterally
positioned pedicle graft are that it is relatively easy and not time-consuming, it produces excellent esthetic
results and no second surgical site is involved for donor harvesting. Thus the present study was undertaken to
understand the efficacy of lateral pedicle grafts in various grades of gingival recession defects.
KEY WORDS: gingival recession, laterally positioned pedicle graft, mucogingival surgery, root coverage
I.
INTRODUCTION:
Gingival recession is defined as the displacement of the gingival margin apical to the cementoenamel
junction. It implies the loss of periodontal connective tissue fibers along with root cementum and alveolar bone.
The most significant factors causing gingival recession are considered to be periodontal disease and improper
oral hygiene measures; along with some predisposing factors such as thin gingiva, a prominent root surface,
bony dehiscences, abnormal tooth position, frenal pull, mechanical trauma caused by tooth brushing, and
iatrogenic factors such as faulty restorations or uncontrolled orthodontic movement of teeth. 1The term
„periodontal plastic surgery‟(PPS), first suggested by Miller (1988), is defined as „surgical procedures
performed to prevent or correct anatomical, developmental, traumatic or plaque disease-induced defects of the
gingiva, alveolar mucosa, or bone‟ (The American Academy of Periodontology 1996)2. One of the most
frequent indications of PPS is the treatment of buccal gingival recessions. This treatment has mainly been
justified by the patient‟s wish to improve the aesthetic appearance when there is an exposed root. Occasionally,
there is an indication for surgical treatment when the exposed root is associated with dental hypersensitivity
and/or root caries. Moreover, these defects should also be treated in situations where there is an unfavorable
contour of the gingival margin that limits proper plaque control and fails to respond to adequate oral hygiene
measures.A variety of periodontal plastic surgeries have been suggested for root coverage. These surgical
procedures can be classified as pedicle soft tissue grafts, free soft tissue grafts or a combination of both. The
pedicle graft was the first periodontal plastic surgery procedure proposed in 1956 for root coverage by Grupe
and Warren1 as a laterally repositioned full thickness flap. Pedicle grafts are based on the simple concept of
moving donor tissue laterally to cover an adjacent defect. It provides sufficient esthetic result. At first it was
described as the "lateral sliding flap." The procedure was then modified and named as the “laterally positioned
flap”. The "oblique rotational flap", the "rotation flap", and the "transpositioned flap" are modifications in
incision design.2 When the lateral movement is both mesial and distal to the defect, the flap is called a double
papilla flap.3
II.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
18 systemically healthy patients attending the Department of Periodontology, CODSH-NMC, with the
chief complaint of receding gums were chosen for the study during the period of 1 st January 2013 to 30th August
2013. The following criteria were included for the procedure: aged 30 years and above, otherwise healthy
individuals with good oral hygiene, gingival sulcus depth of 2 mm or less and no presence of bleeding on
probing. Exclusion criteria were uncontrolled diabetic mellitus patient, increased risk of bacterial endocarditis,
pregnant and lactating women, smokers, patient with poor oral hygiene and conditions that contraindicate minor
surgical procedure. Informed consent was taken from each patient before the surgical procedure.
A comprehensive treatment was planned, which included: phase I therapy and surgical therapy. Phase I
therapy in the form of oral prophylaxis and root planing with oral hygiene instructions and chemical
antimicrobial therapy in the form of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate as mouthwash.Baseline gingival recession
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2. Efficacy Of Lateral Pedicle Graft In The Treatment…
height was measured with Williams probe and grouped as group 1 (3-4mm), group 2 (5-7mm) and group 3
(>=8mm).Surgical Procedure: After local anesthesia (2% lignocaine hydrochloride with 1:80,000 epinephrine),
firstly a V shaped incision was made in the gingival recession area making a wide external bevel incision on
mesial aspect & internal bevel on distal aspect. Then the V shaped gingiva was removed & beveled for flap
adaptation. The adjacent partial thickness pedicle flap was reflected from the donor area, leaving about 1 mm of
marginal gingiva intact, the width of which was more than 1½ times the area of gingival recession. The pedicle
flap was then covered over the recipient site and finger pressure was applied with a gauze piece until the graft
was firmly seated. It was then carefully secured with 3-0 non- resorbable sling sutures without tension. Cutback incision was given if it precluded stable positioning of the flap to the recipient site. Good adaptation of the
flap to the underlying tissues is essential for adequate diffusion. Periodontal dressing was given thereafter.
Fig 1: Pre operative gingival recession in 31
Fig 2: Sutures placed after lateral pedicle graft
Fig 3: Periodontal dressing placed
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3. Efficacy Of Lateral Pedicle Graft In The Treatment…
Fig 4: Post up recession coverage
The patient was discharged with postoperative instructions and NSAIDs as medications for 3 days to avoid
postoperative pain and to reduce inflammation. The patient was recalled after 7 days. The periodontal dressing
along with sutures were removed and thoroughly irrigated with normal saline. The surgical site was examined
for uneventful healing. The defect created at the donor site healed by secondary intention. The patient was
instructed to use soft toothbrush for mechanical plaque control in surgical area. Again measurements were taken
from the marginal gingival towards the CEJ. Oral hygiene instructions were re- instructed.The patient was
monitored regularly postoperatively, to ensure good oral hygiene in the surgical area. Re-evaluation was done at
3 month follow up, during which the site was re-examined for the recession height.Statistical analysis was
carried out using SPSS version 16 using Chi- square test and paired T-test wherever applicable.
III.
RESULTS:
61.1% of the age group for the study was in the range of 30-45 years and the remaining 38.9% were
more than 45 years. 16.7% of the 30-45 years group had loss of attachment of more than 1 mm after surgical
procedure, whereas 25% of more than 45 years group had loss of attachment of more than 1mm after the
procedure.(Fig. a)Gingival recession was graded according to Miller‟s classification. 4Among the cases done,
50% had Miller‟s grade I, 33.3% had grade II and 16.7% had grade III recession.(Fig. b) When initial grades of
recession was compared with recession coverage, 88.9% of group 1 had complete coverage or minimal loss of
attachment and 66.6% in group 3 had complete coverage or minimal loss of attachment which was not
statistically significant. (Table 2)As stated earlier, baseline gingival recession height was measured with
Williams probe and grouped as group 1 (3-4mm), group 2 (5-7mm) and group 3 (>=8mm). 100% in group 1 had
complete coverage or minimal loss of attachment whereas 71.5% in group 2 had complete coverage or minimal
loss of attachment which was also not statistically significant. (Table 3)Results showed that out of all the cases
done, the mean LOA after the surgical procedure was 0.833± 0.707 which was statistically significant. (Table 4)
However LOA in 3 months follow up was seen to be 1.333± 0.485 which was not found to be statistically
significant. (Table 5) This clearly indicates that statistically significant esthetic root coverage was obtained in 1
week follow up.
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4. Efficacy Of Lateral Pedicle Graft In The Treatment…
Table 1- Association of age with recession coverage
Gingival recession
grades
30-45 years
>45 years
Loss of attachment after surgical procedure
None
1mm
>1mm
36.4%
54.5%
9.1%
28.6%
42.9%
28.6%
*p value from Chi- square test
p value*
0.663
Table 2- Association of recession coverage with grades of recession
Gingival recession
grades
Grade I
Grade II
Grade III
Loss of attachment after surgical procedure
None
1mm
33.3%
55.6%
33.3%
50.0%
33.3%
33.3%
p value*
>1mm
11.1%
16.7%
33.3%
0.944
*p value from Chi- square test
Table 3- Association of recession coverage with recession height
Baseline gingival
recession height
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Loss of attachment after surgical procedure
None
1mm
40%
60%
28.6%
42.9%
0%
0%
p value*
>1mm
0%
28.6%
100%
0.165
*p value from Chi- square test
Table 4- Recession coverage after the surgical procedure
Mean
1.500
0.833
Baseline gingival recession
LOA after surgical procedure
Std. deviation
0.618
0.707
p value*
0.001
*p value from paired T-test
Table 5- Recession coverage in 3 months follow up
Baseline gingival recession
LOA after surgical procedure
Mean
Std. deviation
1.500
0.618
1.333
0.485
*p value from paired T-test
IV.
p value*
0.187
DISCUSSIONS:
Laterally positioned pedicle graft, a technique which was introduced by Grupe and Warren in 1956,
represents one of the first in the series of procedures of mucogingival surgery designed to cover exposed root
surfaces.1 In 1966, Grupe modified the lateral pedicle technique using submarginal incision at the donar site so
that no denuded osseous surfaces would be created.3 This technique was evaluated by many investigators
(McFall, 19675, Smukler, 19766), and the success of this root coverage procedure was found to be in the range
of 69% to 72%. Other modifications of lateral pedicle grafts are given by Staffelino in 1964 who did split
thinkness flap to minimize recession at donor site, Corn in 1964 did a cutback incision at the base of the flap and
Knowles and Ramfjord in 1971 did a free graft to cover the donor area.7Indications for lateral pedicle grafts are
sufficient width, length, thickness of keratinized tissue, coverage limited to 1-2 teeth, sufficient depth of
vestibule and narrow mesio-distal dimension of recession. Contraindications are insufficient width, length,
thickness of keratinized tissue, presence of fenestration or dehiscence at donor site, extremely protrusive teeth,
deep PDL pockets, loss of interdental bone and narrow oral vestibule.The advantage of lateral pedicle graft is its
simplicity, presence of only one surgical site and good vascularity of pedicle. Whereas its disadvantages are that
the amount of keratinized attached gingival that is the pre requisite, probable recession at donor site, dehiscence
or fenestration at donor and its limitation to only 1-2 teeth.Often times there might be cases of failure to cover
the denuded surface and the reasons for that could be attributed to tension at base of distal incision, too narrow
pedicle, full thickness flap to cover might lead to exposure of bone which leads to bone loss and poor
stabilization & mobility of the graft.
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5. Efficacy Of Lateral Pedicle Graft In The Treatment…
Limitation of the present study is the number of subjects taken and lack of control group for
comparisons. As such there is insufficient recent research on studies done on lateral pedicle grafts. One study by
Ricci et al. presenting a comparison of connective tissue graft (CTG) and LPG showed no statistically
significant differences with regard to mean recession change (CTG 2.64 mm, SD 1.82, LPF 2.47 mm, SD
1.82).8A study done by Verma PK showed esthetic root coverage of Miller's Class II recession with laterally
positioned flap in the lower anterior region.9Similarly, Chopra DK et. al, did LPG for the treatment of adjacent
Class-III gingival recession defect in mandibular anterior area in which root coverage was obtained with no
change in the position of gingiva at the donor site.10Similarly, Nirwal A, et al. did a case report on frenectomy
combined with a laterally displaced pedicle graft in which he gained successful coverage of the denuded root
along with esthetic results. He also confirmed that the attached gingiva in midline may have a bracing effect
which helps in prevention of orthodontic relapse.11Another study was undertaken by Martins et al. in which they
had done laterally positioned flap along with subepithelial connective tissue graft for coverage of isolated
gingival recession in which postoperative assessment showed complete root coverage, an increased keratinized
gingival band, absence of dentin hypersensitivity, and an excellent esthetic outcome. 12
V.
CONCLUSION:
In the present study a laterally positioned flap with submarginal incision was used to cover Millers
recession defects in various maxillary and mandibular anterior regions. This technique has been demonstrated to
be a reliable and predictable treatment modality for obtaining root coverage in recession defects for complete or
partial root coverage. However careful case selection and surgical management is critical if a successful
outcome is to be achieved.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Special Thanks To Dr Jemish Acharya, Lecturer, Department of Community Dentistry, CODSHNMC, Attarkhel, Nepal.
REFERENCES
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Grupe H, Warren R. Repair of gingival defect by sliding flap operation. Periodontol 1956; 27:92-95.
Roccuzzo M, Bunino M, Needleman I, Sanz M. Periodontal plastic surgery for treatment of localized gingival recessions: A
systematic review. J Clin Periodontol 2002; 29:17894.
Grupe H. Modified technique for the sliding flap operation. Periodontol 1966 37:491-495.
Miller Jr PD. A classification of marginal tissue recession. Int J Periodontol Rest Dent 1985;18: 44-53.
McFall W Jr. The laterally repositioned flap. Periodontics 1967; 5:89-95.
Smukler H. Laterally positioned mucoperiosteal pedicle grafts in the treatment of denuded roots. Periodontol 1976; 47:590-595.
Goldstein M, Brayer L and Schwartz Z. A Critical Evaluation of Methods for Root Coverage. Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med. 1996; 7; 87
Ricci G., Silvestri M., Tinti C., Rasperini G. A clinical/statistical comparison between the subpedicle connective tissue graft method
and the guided tissue regeneration technique in root coverage. International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry 1996;
16, 538–545
Verma PK. Esthetic root coverage of Miller's Class II recession with laterally positioned flap. Univ Res J Dent 2012;2:75-8
Chopra DK, Kaushik M, Kochar D, Malik S. Laterally Positioned Flap - A Predictable and Effective Periodontal Procedure for the
Treatment of Adjacent Class-III Gingival Recession Defect - Case Report. JIDA, Vol. 5, No. 6, June 2011: 725-727
Nirwal A, Dr. Chaubey K.K., Arora V, Thakur RK., Zafri Z, Narula IS. Frenectomy combined with a laterally Displaced pedicle
graft. Indian Journal of Dental Sciences, Vol .2, Issue 2 March 2010: 47-51.
Martins TM, Bosco AF, Gazoni GG, Garcia SF. Laterally positioned flap associated with subepithelial connective tissue graft for
coverage of isolated gingival recession. RSBO. 2011 Oct-Dec;8(4):464-8
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