ABSTRACT: The purpose of Larkin as literary artist was to convey his ultimate message that man has to transcend the gross environment for the attainment for final goal. His poem opens with important question which prompt us to scrutinize ourselves. According to Philip Larkin “when you come to talk about once duty as writer then ones can say that his duty is to write for harmony”. In this paper there an urge in Larkin’s poem to attain transcendental knowledge by which everything is known. The meaningful change in environment through literature result from the development of qualities and attitude that foster constructive pattern of human interaction through literature. In an age of highly industrialized and mechanized structure of our society where we have 'given our hearts away a sordid boon' and where all spiritual values have been thrown overboard, the relevance of selecting this topic "Spiritual Quest in Philip Larkin" becomes important. In Larkin's poetry there is invariably, an element of spiritual crises, a note of subsequent struggle to step out of it. This inner conflict to proceed forward in the path of Divine realization lends magnificence to his poetic and spiritual personality.
Part 1:
Laura (Riding) Jackson(1901-1991) was an American poet, critic, novelist, essayist and short story writer whom I came to know about in the first years of my retirement after a 50 year student-and-paid-employment life: 1949 to 1999. In 1938 W.H. Auden called her "the only living philosophical poet, and in 1939 another American poet, Robert Fitzgerald, expressed the hope that with the 1938 publication of her Collected Poems, "the authority and the dignity of truth-telling, lost by poetry to science, may gradually be regained."1
For the last two days I have spent many hours reading about this most philosophical of poets who has come onto the radar of many writers and poets since the early 1990s, partly due to the extensive publication of her work which has continued since her death in 1991. I began reading and writing poetry seriously, myself, in the early 1990s. I first heard of Laura Riding back in the 1990s, but time and circumstance, responsibilities and health issues, prevented me from taking a serious look at her life and work.
Part 1.1:
Jack Blackmore, in a paper given at The Laura (Riding) Jackson Conference in 2010 expressed the view that: "There are affinities between Riding, Coleridge, and William Blake. There is a common optimism and conviction: that one’s self, one self, through the most intense scrutiny of and engagement with language and life, can take the measure of the universe."2 Blackmore included the following quotation from Coleridge to support that poet's affinity with Riding: "The Poet is not only the man who is made to solve the riddle of the Universe, but he is also the man who feels where it is not solved and this continually awakens his feelings …"-Coleridge, Lecture on Poetry, 12 December 1811.
Blackmore went on to say that "more than any poet in recent times Laura Riding conceived of her poems as a whole work, a universe."2 And so, too, do I in relation to what has become a vast corpus, a very large personal oeuvre. There are many aspects of Riding's philosophy of poetry, her view of writing, literature and life that provide parallels with my own way of going about my literary enterprise. It is for this reason that I write this prose-poetic piece.
Part 1:
Laura (Riding) Jackson(1901-1991) was an American poet, critic, novelist, essayist and short story writer whom I came to know about in the first years of my retirement after a 50 year student-and-paid-employment life: 1949 to 1999. In 1938 W.H. Auden called her "the only living philosophical poet, and in 1939 another American poet, Robert Fitzgerald, expressed the hope that with the 1938 publication of her Collected Poems, "the authority and the dignity of truth-telling, lost by poetry to science, may gradually be regained."1
For the last two days I have spent many hours reading about this most philosophical of poets who has come onto the radar of many writers and poets since the early 1990s, partly due to the extensive publication of her work which has continued since her death in 1991. I began reading and writing poetry seriously, myself, in the early 1990s. I first heard of Laura Riding back in the 1990s, but time and circumstance, responsibilities and health issues, prevented me from taking a serious look at her life and work.
Part 1.1:
Jack Blackmore, in a paper given at The Laura (Riding) Jackson Conference in 2010 expressed the view that: "There are affinities between Riding, Coleridge, and William Blake. There is a common optimism and conviction: that one’s self, one self, through the most intense scrutiny of and engagement with language and life, can take the measure of the universe."2 Blackmore included the following quotation from Coleridge to support that poet's affinity with Riding: "The Poet is not only the man who is made to solve the riddle of the Universe, but he is also the man who feels where it is not solved and this continually awakens his feelings …"-Coleridge, Lecture on Poetry, 12 December 1811.
Blackmore went on to say that "more than any poet in recent times Laura Riding conceived of her poems as a whole work, a universe."2 And so, too, do I in relation to what has become a vast corpus, a very large personal oeuvre. There are many aspects of Riding's philosophy of poetry, her view of writing, literature and life that provide parallels with my own way of going about my literary enterprise. It is for this reason that I write this prose-poetic piece.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
biography of s.t coleridge
introduction to biographia literaria
synopsis of chap 14
critical analysis
literary devices
objections and defence
fancy and imagination
primary and secondary imagination
It is best to know the branches of literature since it evolves and involves our everyday life that connects individuals with larger truths and ideas in a society as it creates a way for people to record their thoughts and experiences that is accessible to others, through fictionalized accounts of the experience.
Goe and catche the falling stare by john donne, it includes introduction, summary, themes, analysis, literary devices, tone, conceits, metaaaphysical elements, examples and conclusion.
William Wordsworth, his biography and "Preface to Lyrical Ballads" ( Part II)Mohammad Jashim Uddin
In the preface to Lyrical Ballads, William Wordsworth explains his theory of poetry. He argues that literary tricks and devices such as personification make it difficult for writers and readers to speak simply and directly about their feelings. He hopes to combat this with his work.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
biography of s.t coleridge
introduction to biographia literaria
synopsis of chap 14
critical analysis
literary devices
objections and defence
fancy and imagination
primary and secondary imagination
It is best to know the branches of literature since it evolves and involves our everyday life that connects individuals with larger truths and ideas in a society as it creates a way for people to record their thoughts and experiences that is accessible to others, through fictionalized accounts of the experience.
Goe and catche the falling stare by john donne, it includes introduction, summary, themes, analysis, literary devices, tone, conceits, metaaaphysical elements, examples and conclusion.
William Wordsworth, his biography and "Preface to Lyrical Ballads" ( Part II)Mohammad Jashim Uddin
In the preface to Lyrical Ballads, William Wordsworth explains his theory of poetry. He argues that literary tricks and devices such as personification make it difficult for writers and readers to speak simply and directly about their feelings. He hopes to combat this with his work.
“Felix Randal” is a particular individualistic poem written by Hopkins and it highly represents the Victorian poetry in its Romanticism in theme, feelings and tone. At the same time the poem can be categorized as a religious poem too. Moreover there can be seen some effects of Pre-Raphaelitism which means an attempt to reveal truths through nature. The poem is all about the relation between a spiritual healer and the sufferer- how both complement one another in the act of attaining salvation.
This presentation is about the introduction of the 19th century literature and some of the prominent authors in the period including William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Byshhe Shelley, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Matthew Arnolds.
The Metaphysical school of Poetry of the Seventeenth CenturyMohammed Albadri
There is common preservation that the term "metaphysical" is utilized to portray a gathering of seventeenth-century English artists, who wrote in a specific way affected by, or in response to, works by John Donne. The chose not many related as such are known as the metaphysical artists, and their works marked as "metaphysical poetry". Precisely what the term metaphysical refers to, or what does it define this aspect requires some explanation. As indicated by the Cambridge Dictionary, metaphysical poetry identifies with the piece of theory that is tied in with getting presence and information"; while theory then again, is "the affective reason in viewing things with the aspect of the present reality and presence. Subsequently, by suggestion, however, till this day there is no fully effective definition of metaphysical poetry, as it requires a variety of characteristics which will be presented in this paper along with the brief history behind the metaphysical poets and inspirations.
The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads is an essay, composed by William Wordsworth, for the second edition of the poetry collection Lyrical Ballads, and then greatly expanded in the third edition of 1802. It has come to be seen as a de facto manifesto of the Romantic movement.
Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic who worked as an inspector of schools. He was the son of Thomas Arnold, the famed headmaster of Rugby School, and brother to both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial administrator.
During this time Arnold wrote the bulk of his most famous critical works, Essays in Criticism (1865) and Culture and Anarchy (1869), in which he sets forth ideas that greatly reflect the predominant values of the Victorian era.
On the Use of the Causal Analysis in Small Type Fit Indices of Adult Mathemat...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Model evaluation is one of the most important aspects of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Many model fit indices have been developed. It is not an exaggeration to say that nearly every publication using the SEM methodology has reported at least one fit index. Fit is the ability of a model to reproduce the data in the variance-covariance matrix form. A good fitting model is one that is reasonably consistent with the data and doesn’t require respecification and also its measurement model is required before estimating paths in a covariance structure model. A baseline model of four constructs together with a combination of none, one, two, three or four additional constructs was constructed with latent variables: educational performance, socioeconomic label, self concept and parental authority using dichotomous digits 0 or 1 for each additional construct. 16 progressively nested models were considered starting with baseline model using the mathematics adult learners data from the modeling sample and employing some small fit indexes which are commonly used (AIC, CAIC, RMR, SRMR, RMSEA, 2 / DF among others) [1] to test the fitness of the model. The measures of model fit based on results from analysis of the covariance structure model are presented.
The Sov’reign Shrine of Veiled Melancholy- The Shadow of Consumption on La Be...QUESTJOURNAL
―Youth grows pale and spectre thin and dies‖ – John Keats, (Ode to Nightingale) Tuberculosis was one of the most misunderstood and misrepresented diseases of all times. Hailed as Consumption’s Poster Child, Keats' life, like Beethoven's, served as a pattern tor the Romantic artist. In acute distress and emotional turmoil, in 1819 masterpiece followed masterpiece. In Keats' poems we see a concreteness of description of the object he contemplates. All the senses - tactile gustatory, kinetic, organic, as well as visual and auditory combine to give the total apprehension of his experience. His experiences often accord closely with his personal, life and the disasters he had. Keats is austere in poetry and yet he keeps high colouring and variety of appeal to the senses and the mind. Tuberculosis remains with us today, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia where more than a million people die of this disease each year. It is worth recalling its history and its association with literature with special reference to John Keats and his poetry- and specially La Belle Dame Sans Merci that shows a dominant forebrooding over man's mortality from it. La Belle becomes a representation of the disease in Keats’s La Belle Dame Sans Merci and reflects the poet’s struggle with tuberculosis.
Recruitment Practices And Staff Performance In Public Universities: A Case St...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Recruitment, as a human resource management function, is one of the activities that impact most critically on the performance of any organization irrespective of its size and location. Public Universities, known to train professionals that exhibit transformative leadership and successfully run blue-chip companies have equally suffered from rampart industrial unrest and human resource malpractices across Kenya. Could it be a unique trend of organizational deviance that could be reflecting absence of a well executed staff recruitment practice? While it is understood and accepted that poor recruitment decisions continue to affect organizational performance and limit goal achievement, knowledge about this aspect in Public Universities remains scanty. The aim of this study was to address this gap by evaluating how recruitment practices affect performance of administrative staff in Public Universities using Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya as a case reference. A cross-sectional survey design was employed while sampling strategy was a blend of multiphase, stratified and purposive sampling. A sample size of 124 out of 1150 comprised mainly of administrative staff was used and that a questionnaire was the principal tool of data collection. Results were analyzed using frequency tables, mean, standard deviation and simple linear regression. The study found that a recruitment policy existed at Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya and that both external and internal recruitment practices were used to recruit employees at the University. However, it was noted that most of the university employees are recruited through media advert, internal advertisement, through transfers and promotions. The results of the regression indicated that recruitment practices are a significant predictor of employee performance, which was explained by 32% of variance and a moderate relationship captured by beta weight value of 0.57. On effectiveness of the recruitment policy, only 30% rated it as effective while 62% were indifferent and 8% rated it ineffective. The study concluded that although a significant relationship between recruitment practices and employee performance existed, it’s effectiveness and therefore positive impact on employee performance depended on employees’ positive perception and rating. It’s recommended that the Universities should avoid biasness in the recruitment process as this will negatively impact on employee performance.
Pesse Na Siri’ Budgetary System: A Historiography Study of Luwu Kingdom in Is...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to explore the budgetary system of pesse na siri’ at Luwu kingdom in the Islamic period of 1593 to 1945. Through the historiography method, it showed the base existence of the spiritual sense sensitivity, i.e., pesse (empathy) and siri’ (shame) and Islamic law in budgetary system. In the resources management, it was carried out in four stages, namely planning, implementation, reporting, and evaluation. Operationally, the pesse na siri’ budgetary system on the mobilization mechanism of resources or budget (balanca) through the top down system (i.e., known as balanca pole riwawo) and bottom up system (i.e., known as balanca pole riawa). The top down system was a mobilization resource form from agricultural products of the king’s land (i.e., known in Buginese language as Tanana datue) and the palace logistic. Meanwhile, the bottom up came from the resource offer–i.e., known as makkasiwiyang–mechanism, consisting of makkasiwiyang lili’ (the lower government level), makkasiwiyang ale (personal/individual), and makkasiwiyang reso (labor). One of the Islamic impacts in this system was to direct the budgetary system based on the Shari’a or Islamic law.
Fabrication of Complete Dentures for A Patient with Resorbed Mandibular Anter...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The loose and unstable lower complete denture is one of the most common problems faced by denture patients with highly resorbed ridge. The management of such highly resorbed ridges has always posed a difficulty to the prosthodontist.Obtaining consistent mandibular denture stability has longbeen a challenge for dental profession. The simplest approach often is to extend the denture base adequately for proper use of all available tisues.To achieve this goal impression of the resorbed mandibular ridge is very important. The objective is to develop a physiologic impression with maximum support of both hard and soft tissues.In such cases, an innovative technique of impressionmaking by using a close fitting tray and anelastomeric impression material tomake a proper impression to achieve maximum retentionand stability.This article describes an impression technique used for highly resorbed mandibular ridge using an all green impression technique, to gain maximum retention andstability
Steganographic Technique Using Instant Messaging Conversation DynamicsQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT : Steganography is considered to be not only the science but also the art of hiding secret messages into other innocuous and non-secret media of different types. History of steganography started with the history of civilization and algorithms of data hiding have been constantly developed with the rise of mankind's knowledge. Some of steganographic algorithms are so close connected to the use of digital media, computers and information technology, that those algorithms do not have analogy in non-digital world. It is possible to see the use of hard disk drives (HDD), solid state discs (SSD) and file systems for the purpose of steganography, or steganography in TCP/IP networks as the example. In this paper we are concentrating on such algorithm and we are examining the possibility of the use of dynamics of conversation realized with the use of instant messaging services, which are very popular standalone services or are part of widely used social networks like Facebook. The paper discusses the possibility of hidden message encoding by the use of different parameters of conversation dynamics and introduces new algorithm and its program implementation. The last part of the paper summarizes results of its experimental use.
Simple Obfuscation Tool for Software ProtectionQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the issue of source code obfuscation and also the creation of a tool for automatic obfuscation of source code written in C language. The result is a tool that performs both data flow and control flow obfuscation and allows the user to configure the applied transformation algorithm. For easier and better usability the tool provides a graphical user interface, which brings possibility to control and configure transformation process.
Block Hybrid Method for the Solution of General Second Order Ordinary Differe...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: We consider the construction of block hybrid method for the solution of general second order ODEs. Derivation of the method was based on the use of hermite polynomial as basis function. The main method and its additional equations are obtained from the same continuous formulation via interpolation and collocation procedures. The method is then applied in block form as simultaneous numerical integrator, this approach eliminates requirement for starting values, and it also reduces computational effort. The stability properties of the method is discussed and the stability region shown. Two numerical experiments were given to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the new method.
Modeling – Based Instructional Strategy for Enhancing Problem Solving Ability...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The modeling-based instructional framework accommodates the physics modeling mechanism in which the learner apply the fundamental principles in physics and develop an idealized physics model of the real world situation by means of assumptions and approximations. The present study was intended to find out the effectiveness of Modeling-based instructional strategy for enhancing physics problem solving ability of students at secondary school level. The investigator adopted a quasi-experimental method with two group pretest post-test design for the study. The sample selected for the study consisted of 242 IX standard students from three different schools of Palakkad district. The tools used for collecting the data were the Problem Solving Ability Test in Physics, lesson designs based on Modeling-based instructional strategy and activity oriented method. The findings of the study concluded that the Modeling-based instructional strategy enhanced the problem solving ability of students of secondary school level. And also the strategy scaffolded the formation of mental models of problem representations with in the cognitive structure of the learner.
Exploring the Effectiveness of the Arabic LanguageTeaching Methods in Indones...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The aim of this research work is to identify the effectiveness of the Arabic language teaching methods in Indonesia(National University of Malang for Sample)in terms of making use of Arabic as a medium of communication among the students in the light of the modern approaches in teaching and learning of Arabic language. This research is methodologically characterized as a descriptive, analytical, evaluative and field research work. In order to arrive at the purpose of this study, a questionnaire has been designed and carried out on a specimen from the teachers of the concerned university. Eventually, the study has arrived into a finding that the method used in the university is the Eclectic Method (i.e. Selective Method), except that translation is utilized extensively with it, and it might influentially cause the depreciation of the communication skill of the students, and the major intermediary language for the Arabic language teaching is the Indonesian language. However, its uncontrolled over-usage in the Arabic language teaching procedure may negatively cause the weakness of the students in the listening and speaking skills, since they could not get enough opportunity to practice them during language learning, in addition to the fact that the teachers might be employed as Arabic language teachers on the basis of their high conversance with the grammatical rules of Arabic language and not on their skills in the Arabic language communication medium.
The Teller & The Tales: A Study of The Novels of Amitav GhoshQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: The paper re-visit the plot and setting of the novels of Amitav Ghosh. The paper has two parts – (i)The Teller & (ii) The Tales. In the first section the text tries to give a brief sketch of the life of Amitav Ghosh to chornicle the life of the visionary commentator of life and the social anthroplogist , the most prominent among the Indian writers of English. In the second part the theme and storyline of the novels were revisted along with characters and narrative technique. The first section has been introduced to give an overview of the prolificness of the author and the second part is the testimony of his logocentricism. The paper aims to present the plot and theme of all Ghosh’s novels
The Influence of Religiosity on Marital Satisfaction and Stability AmongChris...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Various studies indicate that religious couples are more likely to enjoy stable and happy marriages. They are also less likely to experience conflict and violence, or to divorce perhaps because religion offers couples theologically grounded guidelines on how to handle marital conflicts when they arise. The present qualitative study was conducted using face to face interviews with nine participants in Kenya who had been identified as practicing Christians. The aim of the study was to explore how religiosity impacted the participant’s marital satisfaction. Results indicated that specific attributes related to religiosity like individual and partner prayer, reading the Bible, church attendance, impacted participants and their spouses lives positively and in turn their experiences in marriage. Engaging in religious practices was reported by the participants as eliciting qualities like perseverance, forgiveness and humility which in turn assisted them in keeping their marriages stable and thus resulting in marital satisfaction
The SA0 Group Reservoir ’S Compositive Evaluation In The Central Developing P...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Using the data from logging in a net of high density, the sand core from a airtight well, and the testing data for oil and gas , and then according to the experiment of exploitation, we studied the deposit visage in macroscopical way, the physical characteristics of the reservoir, and the partition of the oil and gas’s border. It is clear that the zero group of Sa’s oil floor is mainly deposit in the foreside of a delta under the background of lake incursion, and the ventro-delta express a character that there were some sandstones which was transited for two times. Make a certain that the oil and gas’s border of zero group in Sa is maybe 600m underground, and demarcated the maximal square is 26.8km2 about this reservoir, and tell us that it lies in the top of the anticline. Of course, this production can be used in the designing of the zero group of Sa’s exploitation
Down the Purgatory of Memories:The Pain of Remembering in M alayalam Naxal Ci...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:Keralam, the southern most state in India is known for its cinema and politics. It is in Kerala that Communist Party came to power through Parliamentary election process for the first time in history. The political consciousness nurtured by the Communist movement found its reflections in Malayalam (language being spoken by the people of Keralam) Cinema as well. As a result films produced during the formative years of Malayalam Cinema were characterized by their political content. Having said this it should also be added that since those films are produced within the dominant production system with a view to garner profit they fail to politically stimulate the audience. But the situation had been changed after the Naxalite (radical left movement ideologically inclined to Maoism) uprising in 1969 during which both the feudal/bourgeois value orientations and the alleged degeneration of the Communist Party were challenged by the educated radical youths who fought for an immediate revolution. The state promptly intervened and contained Naxalite uprising with an iron fist. The repressive machinery of the state intervened whenever instances of resistance occurred. The Emergency declared in 1975 exposed the inhuman face of government that unleashed series of tortures against its citizens. The post -1980 political films, otherwise called as Naxalite films, try to recapture the tormenting experience of being political during the time of such mass oppression. Those movies resort to memory to expose the stark experience of the past.Remembering is a way of representing the past with all its nuances as it situates the remembering subject at close proximity with the past. At the same time Naxalite movies explored the possibility of forgetting also to unveil the subtle complexities of individual's relationship with the past. Here I consider two Malayalam films-AmmaAriyan(1986) directed by John Abraham and Margam (2003) directed by Rajeev Vijayaraghavan- to investigate how memory and oblivion are meticulously used by the filmic narratives to politicize a society already under the grip of political amnesia.
Professional Competences: An Integrative Approach for Defining The Training C...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This paper offers an integrative proposal for Business Administrationcurricular programs. For that purpose, we have carried out a survey with teachers from upper Business Administration courses so as to select a group of key competences for the contemporary Administrator, which has allowed us to elaborate an integrative proposal of curricular program for the Business Administration scholars in Brazil. As a qualitative research, it consists of a multiple case study with empirical approach and a triangular analysis based on Moraes (2014).Its main objective has been to analyze the curricular programs from five higher education institutions in the state of Rio Grande do Sul and two other foreign institutions in South America. At first, we have asked ourselves the following question: How to adapt the Business Administration curricular program to the contemporary needs as far as the vocational training competences of Administrators are concerned?In order to answer it, we have analyzed the National Curriculum Guidelines (DCN) and the Political-Educational Projects of Business Administration Courses (PPC/CSA). After that, we have compared the Curricular Components (CC) of the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) under analysis. After performing the triangular textual analysis of the DCN, PPC/CSA and CC of all HEIs under study, we have carried out a survey with 35 teachers from Business Administration upper courses through a computerized online questionnaire.We have sent a Survey Monkey link for a total of 40 teachers, however, only 35 answered it (87.5%); we have considered 100% valid answers. Previously, based on the doctrine of competences and curriculum according to the most renowned authors – suchas Vygostsky, Freire, Sacristán, Piaget, Saviani, Bloom, Libâneo (curriculum); Fleury & Fleury, Zarifian, Perrenoud, Lisboa (competences), among others – wehave concluded that implementing the integrative proposal will providemore well-prepared graduates from the Business Administration course right to the competitive and globalized labor market.
Resisting Total Marginality: Understanding African-American College Students’...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This article explores collegiate Black identity development when African American students attend predominantly White institutions (PWIs) in the United States, considering the overall impact of total marginality. The term “total marginality” is used to describe the myriad, chronic, and often inescapable ways that African American college students attending PWIs are marginalized in a college setting. The focus of this paper is the impact of total marginality on Black identity development for those African American collegians who successfully complete their university studies at a PWI.
Alternative dispute resolution and civil litigation barriers to access to jus...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: Civil law is the predominate system of law in the world. Civil law as a legal system is often compared with common law. The main difference that is usually drawn between the two system is that common law drawn abstract rules from specific cases, whereas civil law with abstract rules which judges must then apply to the various cases before them. Civil law has its roots in Roman law, Common law and the Enlightenment, alongside influence from other religious laws such as Islamic Law. The legal system in many civil law countries are based around one or several codes of law which set out the main principles that guide the law. On the other hand, Criminal Law as offences and prescribes punishment for them. It not only precludes or prevents crimes but also punish the offender. It is necessary for the maintenance of law, order and peace within state. In criminal cases, it is the state which initiates proceeding against the offender. Laws relating to the Civil Proceeding as the Code of Civil Procedure 1908; the Civil Courts Act 1887; the Suit Valuation Act 1887; the Limitation Act 1908; the Registration Act 1908; & the Specific Relief Act 1877.
Corporate Reputation And Earnings Quality of Listed Firms in NigeriaQUESTJOURNAL
Purpose: There is contention in financial reporting literature on the nature of relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality of firms. The differences in findings on the relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality linkage are empirically traceable to firm characteristics and capital market. To our knowledge, the association between corporate reputation and earnings quality is limited in Nigeria, Thus, we examine the nature relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: The expo facto design was adopted for this study on 21 listed firms selected from the consumer sector, manufacturing sector and financial sector on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. The primary estimation method for the regression equation is pooled-OLS. Finding: We found that corporate reputation has no significant positive association with earnings quality of listed firms in Nigeria. Originality/ Value: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the relationship between corporate reputation and earnings quality across three sectors in Nigeria. The result has implication on capital market, firm reputation, auditor type and earnings quality. Thus, this study will be useful to capital market regulators, standard setters and future researchers.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
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2. Harmony in Philip Larkin’s Poems
*Corresponding Author: *Dr. Pallavi Upadhyay 2 | Page
comments on life and people are both sympathetic and stimulating. His skillful craftsmanship enables him to
build up a firm structure in his poems and to portray the realistic details of the contemporary scenes in a
language that has a recognizable rhythm and a consistent polish. The extra qualification he has is his technical
ability, a power to compose sequence of words that express fully and adequately, the human situation.
II. FROM MATERIALISM TO SPIRITUALISM
There is a perennial urge in mankind for spiritual realization and attainment of peace - peace that
passeth all understanding. It would not be out of place to say that the socio-political chaos and other
disturbances of the modern age are so ugly, crude and horrible that the poets have tried much to shift their
attention from the gross material life to the spiritual life of love, peace, harmony and ecstasy.The creativity of
new poets is flowered by their spiritual insight and experience. The new poets have a large vision to grasp the
spiritual truth which enables them to conclude that lack of spiritual faith which is the root cause of all types of
crises. In the present world there is a breakdown of all moral values.
With the loss of moral values, Philip Larkin has always thought about the brutality that entered into the mind of
human beings. As a champion of his age, Larkin significantly stands apart in his crystallized vision of man in
quest, which teaches one how to save oneself from the narrow worldly affrications, sorrows and sufferings. In a
nutshell this marks the Divine path and the consummation of spiritualism.Larkin has shown great concern with
the contrasting theme of materialism and spiritualism. Submerged in spiritual chaos, the contemporary
civilization has threatened Church with extinction and Larkin is compelled to mediate over the gradual loss of
faith. In the poem Church Going the protagonist is bycling aimlessly, he enters the Church just like a casual
visitor devoid of any religious feeling and convictions.
“When Churches fall completely
out of use
Shall we avoid them as
unlucky places”
(Poem No. 97)
Nothing is more ironic than the fact that the visitor thinks of the futility of such places in a
complete atheistic age. Thus for Larkin religion is an experience and realization instead of visiting Church and
attending the sermons. All creative thinkers and writers inherited the tendency to look within. One could get
peace and bliss only by retiring to one's own self. This quest for spiritual awakening is explicitly expressed in
Philip Larkin's poem Faith Healing:
“Their heads are clasped abruptly then exiled
Like losing thoughts they go in silence”
(Poem No. 126)
Here Larkin is in the process of knowing and communicating Divine truth:
“As if a kind of dumb
An idiot child within them still survives
To re-awake at kindness, thinking a voice
At last calls them alone that hands have come
To lift and lighter; and such joy arrives”
(Poem No. 126)
The outside world in this poem becomes important in relation to the stationary person inside.
According to Doan Morrise "Composition of good and great literature is possible only by discovering the
spiritual truth" [1]
. Larkin tries to probe into the minds of those who try faith-healing at the hands of a preacher.
Larkin understood that nothing could cure except love - a scarce commodity in the modern world. Larkin's
satirical comment upon the modern ways of living awakens our dormant sleeping soul which has forgotten its
divine centre.
In the poem Mr Bleaney:
“That how we live measures our own nature
And at this age having no more to show”
(Poem No. 102)
Mr. Bleaney may be said to be an Everyman in his old age in the modern world. To quote Ted
Hugnes: “Looking through the lens of this poem, it seems we could see every detail of any situation this man
could ever get into” [2]
.
Pure poetry enables the reader to be free from the tyranny of continuous anxiety caused by the
ignorance and worldly desires. Larkin's poetry, as revealed in these pages, paves the way towards spiritual
3. Harmony in Philip Larkin’s Poems
*Corresponding Author: *Dr. Pallavi Upadhyay 3 | Page
freedom. It is well to start by distinguishing the poet who not only changed the possibilities of the art for
practitioners and readers, but they are significant in terms of the human awareness they promote, the awareness
of the possibilities of life. So said F.R. Leavis, “Indeed among the major poets Larkin's position has remained
unrivalled” [3]
.
In these circumstances many writers believed that literature was useless if it does not serve a definite social and
political purpose, and those who failed to share this conviction were thought to be mere literary artists. The
writings of the 1050's however, were as much preoccupied with the condition of the whole world for air-travel
had made the world appears as small, a place as Britain a century before, and humanitarian hopefulness has been
displaced by partisan propaganda which offered some political doctrine, as a means to world salvation.
Literature was permeated by a spirit of non-violent humanitarianism.
III. FROM DISHARMONY TO HARMONY
Larkin's uniqueness lies mainly in his technical ability, his power to compromise sequences of words
that express fully and adequately the human situation. He writes poem after poem, which one waits for the dying
fall. Behind the veils of ignorance and falsehood Larkin has achieved success in perceiving the rays of the inner
soul. We are thankful to Larkin who helps us to eliminate the gross and the negative aspects of our being.
Needless to say that his poem act as a catharsis and purify us.
Larkin presents the theme of Harmony, Eternity and spiritualism in his poems and thereby he
emphasizes the necessity of self introspection and the discovery of the self. According to him the goal of human
life is the liberation from the worldly attractions. The attainment of this goal requires rigorous preparation of
body, mind and the intellect. So his poems are giving a call to the whole humanity to come forward to realize
soul.
“His poetry is notable for its melancholy,
bitterness and stoic wit [4]
Larkin's utilitarian and skeptical views were the cause of over mechanism in his day. His influence was far
reaching in effect; he has given new turn to the modern thought. In the poem Reason for Attendance he talks
about the real happiness:
“But not for me, now I for them; and so
with happiness. Therefore I stay outside,
Believing this; and they maul to and fro
Believing that; and both are satisfied"
(Poem No. 80)
A very meaningful point of view which is sought to be emphasized here is the importance of true
happiness. The human mind is composed not only by the rational powers but also by the emotional and the
instinctive elements which feel the presence of certain truths, which Larkin emphasizes adequately. His use of
symbols by any object from man's perception reality that suggests and comes to stand for something that is not
palpable in the real world, here something eternal is symbolized. Thus the Divine vision is possible only when
we will cross the dustiest road of material existence. According to Leonard Lief : “In England the better poets
after World War II (Thomas, Betjeman and Larkin) used unconventional forms in their art, through Thomas
work seems more impassioned then does the wry, intellectual poetry of Betjeman and Philip Larkin" [5]
.
Thus the universe is nothing but the Absolute beheld through the channels of human perception. In this attempt
to bring the temporal and eternal together, the poem I have started to say presents a picture of divine perfection
commingled with human sufferings:
“All that's left to happen
In some deaths (my own included)
Their order, and their manner
Remain to be learn”.
(Poem No. 185)
Here we see that people are afraid of war, disease and death; thus they are afraid of living as well
as dying. Larkin's poem presents that we have gone too far from ourselves to remember that we came to live in
joy, to serve a higher purpose, to manifest the pure light of consciousness. By his poems Larkin is willing to
share the secrets by which the world can be changed and the positive energy can be transmitted to liberate
humanity from the forces of destruction. Larkin wanted to share the power of this transformation to rediscover
our spiritual power which can lead us to self awareness. As Peschmann says, “What links Larkin with the
movement is its fundamental honesty to experience a clear-eyed, view of contemporary living and its problems
Larkin presents a world of here and now.” The poems which we are concerned here, try to bring ultimate
solution. As the social structure is breaking down, the sensitive individual will have to take the initiative for the
4. Harmony in Philip Larkin’s Poems
*Corresponding Author: *Dr. Pallavi Upadhyay 4 | Page
reconstruction of his own inner spiritual life. This is high time for us to rise from the state of stagnation and to
proceed forward to have self-awakening.
Larkin's poetry comes to us as a message to review our choice. A change in our whole outlook is sure
to come. Every event reflects a Universal condition and does not stand as an element abstracted from the whole.
The concern of Larkin‟s work covers a variety of subjects. It also deals with human consciousness and human
life. Poetry was not only important part of his writings, but an important part of his life for which he was ready
to sacrifice almost everything else. According to R.L. Brett, “Poetry was a psychological necessity which
allowed him to express his emotions and at the same time to control and give form to them" [6]
.
The poems provided a means of relieving his fears and anxieties. A greater liberation of mind came
which allowed him to express his feelings. The expressed aim of Larkin was a revolution against all the
restraints on the free function of the human mind and psyche. Poetry was a field of new experimentation of
them. The exploration of inner self sounds vague and ambiguous for many readers. By inward groping Larkin
tried to spread a message that man will do better if he withdraws from the material world and steps forward in
the final path of soul. He must strengthen, cure and purify his inner self before doing or saying anything for the
welfare of the society.
IV. FROM EPHEMERAL TO ETERNAL
Larkin‟s poetry is much less an expression of man‟s attitude to the life and directly phrased summary
of lifetime experience. His general outlook of life was very gloomy and bleak; and his poetry is deeply colored
by his pessimistic outlook. When he attained the age of sixty, Anthony Thwaile brought out a book in which
various persons paid their tributes to him. But one of the contributors, Alan Bennett thus commented upon his
gloomy outlook on life, “Apparently he is sixty, but when was he anything else. He has made a habit of being
sixty; he has made a profession of it. Like lady Dumbleton he has been sixty for the last twenty-five years. On
his own admission these was never a boy Larkin, no young lad Philip, let alone Phil, ever”
A great writing that is transcends in its own time and remains relevant for future generations. That doesn‟t
means that the poet sets out to write about vague immortal subjects in a remote and artificial language. What is
meant is whatever subject he deals he is able through the strength of his own feelings and powers of expression
to make us far away from him in time and space share his feelings. This is what means by universality of a great
poets work. The internal is what matters finally – not the external, shown in the poem The Trees
“Yet still the unresting castles thresh
In fullgrown thickness every May
Last year is dead, they seem to say,
Begin afresh, afresh, afresh”.
(Poem No. 166)
Larkin does not take a pessimistic view of life and existence. He has an evolutionary and idealistic
approach towards life and its problem. The sweetest song of life, the portrait of human feeling through poetry,
interpretation of truth accompanied by mystical touch-inclined altogether to the religious bliss, all have clustered
in his poems [7]
. There was Larkin‟s increasing fame as a poet, something which depressed and even frightened
him. He accepted and enjoyed some of the honors sometimes, but found it an inhibiting burden too. And these
gradually began those ills of age that he so much dreaded premonitions as they were of „The only end of age‟.
As a thinker Larkin was a deep observer too. He just expresses his points of solution, choice of words which has
deep ideas. His words convey his mind. One attempt to confront Larkin‟s poetry occurs in Davie Thomas,
Hardy and British Poetry (1972) in this same volume Davie argues that the merit of Fisher‟s collected Poems,
(1968), Larkin was facing urban scene, smothers both its vulgarity and warmth in his own dejection. He
employed an elevated style and philosophical images, written chiefly on the eternal themes of life and death.
Larkin has arrived at a luminous perception of reality and this perception has plunged him into the state of
creative excitement which has enabled him to light upon the words. An inspired utterance enables us to see the
sunbeam through the rainbow which has brought into being. We live in a state of spiritual squalor, forgetting the
splendor and the beauty that are everywhere around us. There is the example in the poem Who called love
conquering
“Who called love conquering
When its sweet flower
So easily dries among the sour
Lanes of the living”
(Poem No. 45)
Perception of this kind results in a new view of God, Nature or Man. It reveals in a flash, as it were the
situations which confront man, the character which Larkin has developed, the sentiments he experiences or the
5. Harmony in Philip Larkin’s Poems
*Corresponding Author: *Dr. Pallavi Upadhyay 5 | Page
moods and modes of life through which he passes. There are poems about country, moss covered barns,
cottages. What takes Larkin to countryside is the desire to turn away from the contemporary reality lies and
suffering. Nature is tranquilizing pill. He resorts to nature as a daydream to escape the reality much like the
Decadents. The following lines are from the poem Gathering Wood which is the representative of typically
insipid verse.
On short, still days
At the shut of the year
We search the pathways
Where the coverts were”
(Poem No. 91)
Clarity of perception and strong emotional vigor distinguish his poetry from the verse of other modern
poets. The very spirit of English countryside is expressed through this poem. Nature presents psychological
subtleties and an inner tension. It is for this reason that unlike the other modern poets Larkin achieves an
unpretentious, yet dignified humanity in his poetry. The View is the poem of withdrawal and retreat but with its
enchanted world it shines out by its honesty and truth. The quality of Spirituality can be best illustrated from his
poem –
“And drops away in mist.
The view does not exist.
Where has it gone, the lifetime?
Search me what’s left is drear”.
(Poem No. 195)
By subtle „verbal music‟ Larkin can create an atmosphere of idyllic tranquility or one of distant
forebodings. The magic of his words can suddenly transform an object or scene and cast a hypnotic spell. This
happens in most of his poems. Throughout the dreams and charms that Larkin‟s poetry weaves we continue to
get glimpses of the disquietude sorrow „heats vacancy‟ and „anguished sigh‟. These far from being the weakness
of his poetry are his strength. Philip Larkin once confessed that “The lotion of expressing sentiments in short
lines, having similar sounds at their ends, seemed to me as remote as mangoes on the moon” [8]
. Larkin‟s
emphasizes on the sadness of human condition, most of his poems are about the old age Other themes in his
poetry are failure, the fragility of human choices, the importance of vocation in life, the horrifying reality of
death, the struggles of the common people and the universality of human misery and sadness. According to
Terry Whalen, “Larkin is not only an analyst of human mind but also a romantic deeply concerned with the
spiritual health of human beings” [9]
. And we may add the man‟s alienation from this world and his sense of
isolation from his environment from nature and from things in general is also a prominent theme in Larkin‟s
poetry.
V. CONCLUSION
Every poem of Larkin gives some serious and striking message. Thou it is really a difficult task to trace
through poems, his ideas of developing spiritualism. A pervading thread of divine consciousness in the poems of
Larkin offers a temping subject for the literary investigation. Larkin propitiates moral, ethical and spiritual
values for a peaceful and meaningful life. But the attitude of conscientious objections also impressed him.
Larkin who always hoped for Godliness but never objected on the religious ground. The idea that all his poems
uphold with unanimity is detachment from ephemeral world to remain unaffected by pairs of opposites. Larkin
transcend the opposites in life and accepts all on equal footing. These are the qualities universally acknowledged
as the ultimate goal of spiritual endeavor. He gives the impression of being friendly, sensible person whose
comments on life and people are both sympathetic and stimulating [10]
.
Larkin emphasizes on the dilemmas of our own times - our relationship to our fellow human beings. As
the expression of human spirit he presented the selection capture the eternal joys. Yet the modern writers' quest
for identity, purpose and meaning in life remains" [11]
.
Larkin's exorcism played a part in producing some of the best poems of second half of this century. Slowly the
new age movement brought Larkin more into focus. But for years there was uneasiness and some amount of
scorn associated with the unshaven look and excessive gullibility. Modern poetry is free from both mystical and
logical compulsions and empirical in its attitude to all that comes. Larkin's poem is known for its real rather that
ideological honesty. Larkin suggests that an escape from the horrors of the present into the transcendental realm
alone can save mankind in general. The acceptance of this truth not be merely for academic research and
discussion, but has to be the foundation of the life of each and everyone. It is the moral responsibility of poets
and revolutionaries to reconstruct the whole structure of society. There is an intense consciousness of death and
immortality in Larkin's poetry. The spiritual insight of Larkin is different from the mystical aspirations of
6. Harmony in Philip Larkin’s Poems
*Corresponding Author: *Dr. Pallavi Upadhyay 6 | Page
Wordsworth. In his poem we can find traces of his deeply spiritual nature. As a poet Larkin wants to serve
whole humanity. It is surprising that Larkin reconciles himself by the feelings which cannot be cured, must be
endured. Larkin has explored the different dimensions of his spiritual faith by his poems. He was always
reluctant to discuss his poetry and never lectured on it in the University. This “area was a Holy - of Holies,
which he alone entered”. This may seem an extravagant way of putting it, but he himself always spoke of his
poetry as a gift which came from outside and which he could not explain [12]
. So his visionary approach to the
inner world gives him a different identity among the movement poets. He inspires us to rise above the gross
reality for reunion with the Eternal Force.
The forgoing analysis has underlined the "Spiritual Quest" in the Poems of Philip Larkin. A sober
regard for truth has lent his poems the stamp of authenticity, which other modern poets could not achieve. Over
and above this we can observe a measure of self-discipline in Larkin's poetry, which amounts to a fine spiritual
awareness.
REFERENCES
Books:
[1]. Doan Morrise, Modern Poets Four (Edited by Jim Hunter, London, 1997), p. 40.
[2]. Four Conversation, (The London Magazine, Vol. 4, 1998), p. 8.
[3]. Frank Raymond Leavis, Philip Larkin 1922-1985, A Tribute, (London, 1995), p. 41.
[4]. Catherine Soanes, The Compact Oxford Reference Dictionary (Oxford University Press, 2003), p. 471.
[5]. F. Light James and Leonard Lief, Modern Age Literature, (Dollas, New York, 1981), p. 383.
[6]. R.L. Brett, 'Philip Larkin: A Psycho Literary Sketch? (Through INternet), p. 5.
[7]. Terry Whalen, Philip Larkin and English Poetry, (London, 1989), p. 15.
[8]. Janice Rossen, Philip Larkin: His Life's Work, (London, 1985), p. 38.
[9]. Ibid, p. 41.
[10]. Prof. Bal Krishnan and S.N. Arora, Five Modern English Poets and their poetry, (Students Store, Bareilley, 1997), pp. 23-24.
[11]. Leonard Lief, The Modern Age Literature, (Dollas, New York, 1981), p. 383.
[12]. R.L. Brett, 'Philip Larkin: A Psycho Literary Sketch? (Through INternet), p. 5.
*Dr. Pallavi Upadhyay. "Harmony in Philip Larkin‟s Poems." Quest Journals Journal of
Research in Humanities and Social Science 5.8 (2017): 01-06.