Tools – Hand and Power10-Hour Construction OutreachPPT.docx

Tools – Hand and Power
10-Hour Construction Outreach
PPT 10-hr. Construction – Tools v.05.18.15
‹#›
Created by OTIEC Outreach Resources Workgroup
1
Introduction
Fatal Facts:
Employee killed when struck in head by a nail fired from a
powder-actuated tool.
Source: OSHA
‹#›
Fatal Facts
A 22-year-old carpenter’s apprentice was killed when he was
struck in the head by a nail fired from a powder-actuated nail
gun. The nail gun operator fired the gun while attempting to
anchor a plywood concrete form, causing the nail to pass
through the hollow form. The nail traveled 27 feet before
striking the victim. The nail gun operator had never received

training on how to use the tool, and none of the employees in
the area was wearing PPE.
2
Introduction
Tools are part of our everyday lives.
Even simple tools can be hazardous.
Source: OSHA
‹#›
Hand and power tools are a part of our everyday lives. These
tools help us to perform tasks that otherwise would be difficult
or impossible. However, even simple tools can be hazardous,
and have the potential for causing severe injuries when used or
maintained improperly. Special attention toward hand and
power tool safety is necessary in order to reduce or eliminate
these hazards.
3
Introduction
Objectives:
Identify various types of tools.
Describe types of hazards.

Describe guarding requirements.
Describe safe operation methods.
Recognize employer requirements.
‹#›
Upon successful completion of the topic, participants will be
able to:
Identify various types of tools commonly used at construction
worksites.
Describe types of hazards associated with the use of tools.
Describe guarding requirements for various types of tools.
Describe safe operation methods while working with various
types of tools.
Recognize employer requirements to protect workers from tool
hazards.
4
Types of Tools
Manually operated hand tools
Source: TEEX
‹#›
Examples:

Wrenches
Impact tools – drift pins, wedges, chisels
Hammers
Screw drivers
5
Types of Tools
Power-operated tools
Electrical
Pneumatic
Liquid fuel
Hydraulic
Powder-actuated
Source of photos: OSHA
‹#›
Examples:
Electrical – cord or battery provides electrical power;
Examples: drills, saws, grinders
Pneumatic – powered by compressed air; Examples: chippers,
drills, hammers, and sanders
Liquid fuel – powered by fuel, usually gasoline; Examples:
chainsaw, weed-eater, drills, blowers, edgers, and augers
Hydraulic – fluid provides medium for power transfer; Example:
hydraulic jacks
Powder-actuated – operates like a loaded gun; Example: nailer,
riveter, framing tool, and other fastener tools
6

Hand and Power Tool Hazards
Types of hazards
Struck-by
Electrical
Caught-in
Source: Susan Harwood Grant Number
SH-17792-08-60-F-48 by Compacion Foundation
Source: OSHA
‹#›
Hazards:
Struck-by due to flying, falling, impact, or abrasive objects
Electrical shock or electrocution
Caught-in hazards with tools that have moving parts
Photos:
Top right - shows entrance wound and thermal burns a worker
received when he was shocked by an overheated tool that he
was holding.
Bottom left – shows hazardous situation that could occur when
using powder-actuated tools to drive fasteners into materials. If
material is easily penetrated, the worker on the other side of the
wall is at risk of being struck by flying objects.
7
Harmful materials

Trips and slips
Sharp edges/protruding objects
Source: OSHA, courtesy of New Jersey Department of Health
Source: OSHA
‹#›
Hazards:
Exposure to harmful dusts, fumes, mists, vapors, or gases
Trips and slips – housekeeping issues, cords and hoses, tools
left lying around, etc.
Contact with sharp edges or protruding objects that cause cuts,
punctures, or contusions
Photos:
On left – worker cutting through cinder block is exposed to
silica dust.
On right – worker using chainsaw is potentially exposed to the
sharp edges of the cutting chain; additional hazards include
flying particles and noise.
8
Exposure to hazards due to using
Wrong tool
Tool wrong way
Source: TEEX

‹#›
Exposure to hazards occur when a worker:
Uses the wrong tool for the job.
Uses a tool the wrong way.
Photos:
Worker is using a screwdriver as a pry bar, a task for which it
was not designed.
9
Damaged or broken tools
Dull tools
Source: OSHA
Source: TEEX Harwood
‹#›
Uses damaged or broken tools.
Uses tools that are dull.
Photos:
On left – cracked handle on hammer; do not use damaged tools
On right – chisel rounded on corners
10

Spark-producing tools near flammable sources
Tools not properly guarded
Tools not properly grounded
Inadequate PPE
Source: OSHA
Source: OSHA
‹#›
Uses spark-producing tools near flammable sources.
Uses tools not properly guarded.
Photos:
On left – tools that produce sparks when used, such as a
grinder, should not be used around flammable sources.
In middle – there is no guard on circular saw to prevent
exposure to cutting blade.
On right – worker is wearing proper PPE, including eye and
face protection, while grinding.
11
Guarding

Use guarding techniques for hazards
Motions: rotating, in-running nip points, reciprocating,
transversing
Actions: cutting, punching, shearing, bending
‹#›
Photos:
On left – nip points occur between rotating and fixed parts, such
as the area where the rotating abrasive wheel meets the work
rest and tongue.
On right – rotating, reciprocating, or transverse motions in
cutting actions can create hazards at the point of operation or
with flying particles.
12
Guarding
Guard
Exposed moving parts
Point of operation, in-running nip points, and rotating parts
Flying chips and sparks
Abrasive wheels and cutting blades
Never remove guards when tool is in use
‹#›

Guarding techniques:
Guard exposed moving parts of power tools.
Guard belts, gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles,
flywheels, chains, or other moving parts.
Never remove a guard when a tool is in use.
Guard the point of operation, in-running nip points, and rotating
parts.
Guard the operator and others from flying chips and sparks.
Appropriate guards must be in place to prevent operator from
coming in contact with saw blades.
Guard an abrasive wheel so that the minimal amount of the
wheel is exposed, and ensure the guard is properly aligned with
the wheel.
Photos:
On left – portable circular saw with upper and lower guards in
place.
On right – hand-held grinder with guard.
13
Guarding
Properly guarded blower
Source: OSHA
‹#›
14

Precautions for Safe Use
General hand and power tool safety practices
Keep tools clean and well-maintained.
Use the right tool and use it the right way.
Follow manufacturer’s instructions.
Wear proper PPE
Source: OSHA
‹#›
Basic hand and power tool safety practices:
Always keep tools in good condition with regular maintenance.
Use the right tool for the job. Use the tool that was designed for
the job and use it the right way.
Examine each tool for any damage before using it and, if the
tool is damaged, don’t use it.
Follow manufacturers’ instructions when using tools and use
them the right way. This includes using the guards that are part
of a tool.
Always wear the right PPE and use it properly.
Photo: select appropriate PPE for the task, such as footwear,
hand protection, head and face protection, eye protection,
hearing protection, and respiratory protection.
15
Practice good housekeeping.
Keep work areas well lit.
Inspect tools; remove from service if needed.

Keep all cutting tools sharp
Source: OSHA
‹#›
Precautions for all hand and power tools
Keep the floors in the work clean and free from any debris that
could cause tripping or slipping.
Keep work areas well lit.
Inspect all tools for defects and remove any broken or damaged
tools from service.
Photo:
On left - worker wearing full-face respiratory protection, hard
hat, and protective clothing while operating a portable electric
reciprocating saw.
On right - both hand tools and power tools need to be well-
maintained, inspected, and removed from service if damaged.
16
Precautions for power tools
Disconnect from power source.
Keep people at safe distance.
Secure work.
Source: OSHA

‹#›
Precautions for power tools:
Disconnect tools from power source when not in use, before
servicing and cleaning them, and when changing accessories
such as blades, bits, and cutters.
Keep all people not involved with the work at a safe distance
from the work area.
Secure work with clamps or a vise so that both hands are free to
operate the tool.
Photo: shows vice mounted on a three-legged stand.
17
Avoid accidental start-ups.
Fit with guards and safety switches.
Maintain good footing and balance.
Wear proper clothing for task.
Safeguard exposed moving parts
Source: OSHA
‹#›
Precautions for power tools:
Avoid accidental starting; do not hold fingers on the switch
button while carrying a tool that is still attached to its power
source.
Power tools must be fitted with guards and safety switches.

Be sure to maintain good footing and balance when operating
power tools.
Wear proper clothing for the task; do not wear loose clothing,
ties, or jewelry when working in an area or a tool that has
moving parts.
Safeguard exposed moving parts of power tools, including belts,
gears, shafts, pulleys, sprockets, spindles, drums, flywheels,
chains, or other reciprocating, rotating, or moving parts of
equipment.
Photo: shows reciprocating saw with deadman switch.
18
Electrical tools:
Remove from service and tag damaged tools
Protect against shock
Never remove third prong
Source: OSHA
Source: NIOSH
‹#›
Electric tools safety practices:
Electric tools that are damaged must be removed from service
and tagged “Do Not Use.”
To protect a worker from shock, electrical tools must:
have a three-pronged plug that is used with a grounded
receptacle;
be double-insulated; or

be powered by a low-voltage isolation transformer
Never remove the third prong (grounding pin) from a three-
prong plug. An adapter may be used to accommodate a two-
prong receptacle, but it must be attached to a known ground.
Photos:
On left: Shows use of grounded electrical device (receptacle and
3-prong plug).
On right: Shows stamp of a double-insulated electric power
tool.
19
Protect cords
Store properly
Use GFCI or AEGC
Source: OSHA
Source: NIOSH
‹#›
Electric tools safety practices:
Do NOT:
pull cords to disconnect tool from outlet
use cords to hoist or lower tools
carry portable tools by the cord
run cords across walkways and traffic areas
Keep cords and hoses away from heat, oil, and sharp edges.
Store electrical tools in a dry place and do NOT use in damp or
wet locations, unless they are approved for that purpose.

Use Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) or Assured
Equipment Ground Conductor (AEGC) program.
Photos:
On left – shows electric power tool being carried improperly by
cord.
On right – shows portable GFCI.
20
Abrasive wheels and tools
Equip with guards.
Before mounting, inspect and test.
Follow manufacturer recommendations for operating speeds.
‹#›
Precautions with abrasive wheels and tools:
Equip with guards that:
cover the spindle end, nut, and flange projections;
maintain proper alignment with the wheel; and
do not exceed the strength of the fastenings.
Before an abrasive wheel is mounted:
inspect it for damage; and
sound- or ring-test it to ensure that it is free from cracks or
defects.
Follow manufacturer recommendations for operating speeds.

Photos:
On left – abrasive wheel equipped with guards and work rest.
In middle – ring test abrasive wheel before mounting:
1910.215(d)(1)
Inspection. Immediately before mounting, all wheels shall be
closely inspected and sounded by the user (ring test) to make
sure they have not been damaged in transit, storage, or
otherwise. The spindle speed of the machine shall be checked
before mounting of the wheel to be certain that it does not
exceed the maximum operating speed marked on the wheel.
Wheels should be tapped gently with a light nonmetallic
implement, such as the handle of a screwdriver for light wheels,
or a wooden mallet for heavier wheels. If they sound cracked
(dead), they shall not be used. This is known as the "Ring Test".
1910.215(d)(1)(i)
Wheels must be dry and free from sawdust when applying the
ring test, otherwise the sound will be deadened. It should also
be noted that organic bonded wheels do not emit the same clear
metallic ring as do vitrified and silicate wheels.
On right – maximum speed as indicated by manufacturer on
abrasive wheel.
21
Accelerate wheel to operating speed before beginning task.
Do not stand in front of grinding wheel as it comes up to speed.
Properly adjust
(1/8” opening) and use work rest.
Source: OSHA

‹#›
Precautions with abrasive wheels and tools:
Allow the abrasive wheel to accelerate to operating speed
before beginning grinding or cutting work to prevent
disintegration or explosion during start-up.
Do not stand in front of the grinding wheel as it comes up to
speed; use eye and/or face protection.
Properly adjust the work rest on grinding tools and use it to
support the work and prevent it from being jammed. “Work
rests shall be kept adjusted closely to the wheel with a
maximum opening of one-eighth inch” [1910.215(a)(4)].
Photo: Shows proper guarding of wheel and correctly adjusted
work rest on bench grinder.
22
Pneumatic tools
Use same precautions with air hose as with electric cords
Securely fasten air hose to tool and safeguard with a positive
locking device
Source: OSHA
‹#›
Precautions for safe use of pneumatic tools:
Use same precautions with air hose as with electric cords.

Do not use hose to hoist or lower tools.
Do not carry portable tools by the hose.
Do not run hose across walkways and traffic areas.
Keep away from heat, oil, and sharp edges.
Check that the tool is fastened securely to the air hose to
prevent them from being disconnected and use a positive
locking device as an added safeguard.
Photo: pneumatic tool
23
Equip tool with device to keep fasteners from accidently being
ejected.
Use screens to protect nearby workers.
No not use compressed air for cleaning off clothing.
‹#›
Precautions for safe use of pneumatic tools:
Pneumatic tools that shoot nails, rivets, staples, or similar
fasteners must be equipped with a special device to keep
fastener from being accidently ejected.
Screens must be set up to protect nearby workers from being
struck by flying fragments.
Do not use compressed air for cleaning off clothing and never
point compressed air guns at anyone.
Photos:

On left – pneumatic nailer
On right – air compressor
24
Fuel-powered tools
Handle, transport, and store gas or fuel
in approved containers.
Shut down and allow engine to cool before refilling fuel tank.
Use ventilation and respiratory protection as needed.
Source: OSHA
Source: TEEX
‹#›
Precautions for safe use of fuel-powered tools:
Handle, transport, and store gas or fuel in approved flammable
liquid containers only.
Shut down the engine and allow it to cool before refilling a
fuel-powered tool tank.
Provide satisfactory ventilation or appropriate respiratory
protection when using these tools inside a closed area.
Photo:
On left – fuel-powered blower
On right – workers may be exposed to toxic gases (carbon
monoxide, nitrogen oxides, or diesel exhausts) when operating
portable equipment with internal combustion engines in
enclosed or confined spaces.

25
Powder-actuated tools
Treat with extreme caution
Must be trained
Only employees trained in the operation of the particular tool in
use shall be allowed to use
Wear suitable PPE
Source: TEEX
‹#›
Precautions with powder-actuated tools:
Need to be treated with extreme caution, like a loaded gun
Must be trained Wear suitable ear, eye, and face protection.
Photo: powder-actuated nail gun, nails, and powder
26
Select appropriate powder level for tool and task
Test tool to ensure safety devices work
Inspect tool
Do not use defective tools
Source: TEEX

‹#›
Select either a high-velocity or low-velocity powder level that
is appropriate for the tool and task without applying excessive
force.
Test the tool each day before loading to ensure the safety
devices are working properly.
Inspect tool before each use to make sure that it is clean, the
moving parts operate freely, the barrel is free from obstructions,
and the proper shield, guard, and attachments are in place.
Immediately remove from service any defective tool and do not
use until properly repaired.
Photo: powder-actuated tool
27
Do not load tools until just prior to use
Never point tool at anyone
Keep hands clear of open barrel end
Never leave loaded tool unattended
Do not drive fasteners into materials that are very hard, brittle,
or easily penetrated
Do not drive fastener into a spalled area
Use manufacturer-recommended shields, guards, or attachments.
Store unloaded in a locked box.
‹#›

Do not load tools until just prior to use.
Never point the tool (loaded or empty) at any employee.
Keep hands clear of the open barrel end.
Never leave loaded tools unattended.
Do not drive fasteners into very hard or brittle materials; and,
avoid driving into easily penetrated materials unless they are
backed by an impenetrable backing.
Do not drive fastener into a spalled area.
Do not use tools in an explosive or flammable atmosphere.
Use manufacturer-recommended correct shield, guard, or
attachment on tools.
Store tool unloaded and in a locked box.
28
Employer Requirements
Comply with OSHA standards
Training
Inspection
Comply with manufacturer’s requirements and recommendations
‹#›
29
Identify Hazards
Hand-held sander with exposed wires should not be used.
Source: NIOSH

‹#›
30
Identify Hazards
This three-prong grounding plug has the ground prong broken
off.
Source: NIOSH
‹#›
31
Identify Hazards
Grinder guard removed to accommodate larger wheel.
‹#›

32
Identify Hazards
Working in street with power cords potentially exposed to
traffic.
Guard removed from saw blade.
Power take-off guard is missing.
‹#›
33
Knowledge Check
Which of the following is an example of an unsafe practice
regarding the use of tools?
Keeping cutting tools sharp
Wearing eye and face protection while operating a grinder
Using a screwdriver to carve or cut wood
Following manufacturer’s instructions when using a tool
c. Using a screwdriver to carve or cut wood

‹#›
34
Knowledge Check
Which term describes a tool that is powered by compressed air?
Hydraulic
Powder-actuated
Electrical
Pneumatic
d. Pneumatic
‹#›
35
Knowledge Check
Which of the following actions may expose workers to electrical
shock hazards and should be avoided?
Removing the grounding pin on a three-prong plug
Using double-insulated tools
Using a grounded adaptor to accommodate a two-prong
receptacle
Removing damaged tools from service and tagging them “Do
Not Use”
a. Removing the grounding pin on a three-prong plug

‹#›
36
Knowledge Check
Which of the following statements about guarding techniques is
true?
Guard the point of operation, in-running nip points, and rotating
parts of tools.
Remove guard from tool while it is in use, then replace when
the job is completed.
Adjust guard on abrasive wheel to allow maximum exposure of
the wheel surface.
Wear PPE because guards will not protect operator from flying
chips and sparks or moving parts of tool.
a. Guard the point of operation, in-running nip points, and
rotating parts of tools.
‹#›
37
Knowledge Check
Employers must satisfy all of the following requirements,
except:
Provide PPE necessary to protect employees who are operating
hand and power tools and are exposed to hazards.
Comply with OSHA training and inspection standards related to

hand and power tools.
Determine which manufacturer’s requirements and
recommendations for a tool shall be followed or ignored.
Do not issue or permit the use of unsafe hand tools.
c. Determine which manufacturer’s requirements and
recommendations for a tool shall be followed or ignored.
‹#›
38

Alternative Width (in)
Height
(in)
Number
of Bars
Bar
Size
#1 12 24 3 #9
#2 15 15 6 #8
#3 10 24 4 #8
#4 10 23 3 #8
#5 11 26 5 #7
#6 12 30 6 #6
#7 12 19 3 #10
#8 10 30 8 #5
Table 2: US Rebar Size Chart
Bar
Size
Unit Weight
(lb/ft)
Nominal Diameter

(in)
Nominal Area
(in2)
#2 0.167 0.250 0.50
#3 0.376 0.375 0.11
#4 0.668 0.500 0.20
#5 1.043 0.625 0.31
#6 1.502 0.750 0.44
#7 2.044 0.875 0.60
#8 2.670 1.000 0.79
#9 3.400 1.128 1.00
#10 4.303 1.270 1.27
#11 5.313 1.410 1.56
#14 7.650 1.693 2.25
#18 13.60 2.257 4.00
Problem 2 (5 points)
In your statics analysis class, you have established the
following set of equilibrium equations:
0.286�� − 0.428�� + 0.707�� = 0
−0.428�� − 0.286�� + 0.385�� = 0
−0.857�� − 0.857�� − 0.923�� +
0.707�� = 0
You are told that �� = −1000��. Use Excel to
determine the value of the remaining three unknowns.

In your solution, report the value of each unknown to 3 decimal
places.
Figure 1. Problem 3 sketch.
Vertical tanks with a conical base are often used for storing
solids such
as grain, salt, and gravel. The sloping sides prevent plugging as
the
material is withdrawn. The height of the tank is ℎ, and the
height of the
conical section is ℎ��. The diameter of the tank is �� and the
radius of the
conical section is ��. The angle of the conical section is ��.
For this
example, assume that this angle is 35 ��.
If the height of the solid in the tank is less than the height of
the conical
section, ℎ��, then the volume is computed using the formula
for the
volume of a cone.
�� =
1
3
��2ℎ

However, if the tank is filled to a depth greater than ℎ��, the
volume is
the sum of the conical section and the volume of the cylinder.
The volume of the cylinder section is
�� = ��
��
2
�
2
(ℎ − ℎ��)
Hence, the total volume is the sum of the two sections of the
material has a depth greater than ℎ��.
The radius of the conical section, ��, depends on the value of
ℎ. If ℎ < ℎ��, then �� = ℎ ��(��), otherwise
it is just ��/2.
Also, we often need to know the weight of the bulk material in
the tank. The bulk density includes the
solid material and the air voids between the grains.
For this problem, perform the following calculations:
a) Develop a table at 1 ft intervals that summarizes the volume
of the tank and the weight of its
contents. As a minimum you must use the IF, MIN, and MAX
functions. Assume the following
parameters:

a. Total height of the tank: ℎ = 20 ��
b. Diameter of the cylinder: �� = 10 ��
c. Angle of the cone: �� = 35 ��.
d. Bulk density of solid contents: �� = 25 ��.
b) Plot Volume and Weight as a function of height of solid in
the tank (put height on x-axis). Set the
bounds and major gridlines such that the data series for volume
and weight are superimposed on
each other.
c) Suppose that you would like to know the overall height (to
four decimal places) of the tank with
an exact volume of 1500 ft3. Use Goal Seek to determine the
overall height. In your solution,
make if very clear which cells you are using for input to the
Goal Seek function.
Meteorological data for a water quality and hydrodynamic
model of the Dead Sea in Israel/Jordan was
developed for the time period 1993-2001. These data include air
temperature (oC), dew point temperature
(oC), wind speed (m/s) and direction (radians), cloud cover (0-
10), and short wave solar radiation (W/m2).
This data may be found in a text document H4.txt found on D2L

For this Problem, you do not need to follow the usual
Give/Find/
Solution
. Simply report the Table As
described in Part A and the plot as described in Part B. DO NOT
PRINT THE FULL DATA SET.
Part A: Using Descriptive Statistics
Use Data/Data Analysis/Descriptive Statistics to give you a
table with the following variables for wind
speed over the entire time period as shown below.
Mean
Standard Error
Median
Mode
Standard Deviation
Sample Variance
Kurtosis
Skewness

Range
Minimum
Maximum
Sum
Count
Part B: Histogram
Plot a histogram of the wind speed values showing frequency
and cumulative % using the Histogram
function. One way to do this is to use
Data/DataAnalysis/Histogram. You must decide on the “bin”
size of
the wind speed and set up an area in your sheet where you
outline them (You must specify your own bin
size. Do not use the Excel default.).
As an example, the graph in Figure 2 for air temperature used
the bins: 10, 12.5, 15, 17.5, etc. A
combined column cluster with a line (see under Custom graphs)
was also used.
Figure 2: Histogram of air temperature in the Dead Sea between

1993 and 2001
0%
50%
100%
150%
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
10
12
.5 15
17
.5 20

22
.5 25
27
.5 30
32
.5 35
37
.5 40
M
or
e
Cu
m
ul
at
iv
e

%
Fr
eq
ue
nc
y
Air temperature, oC
Dead Sea Air Temperature
Frequency
Cumulative %
Name _________________________________________
Last, First

Problem 1 (10 pts)
Below Avg. (5 pts) Average (7.5 pts) Excellent (10 pts) Points
Problem attempted, but
incorrect, poorly
documented solution.

Tools – Hand and Power10-Hour Construction OutreachPPT.docx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Tools – Hand and Power10-Hour Construction OutreachPPT.docx

Similar to Tools – Hand and Power10-Hour Construction OutreachPPT.docx (20)

More from juliennehar

More from juliennehar (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Tools – Hand and Power10-Hour Construction OutreachPPT.docx