This document summarizes a study analyzing the impact of aerosols on three sequential lake effect snowstorms near Lake Ontario in Upstate New York. The study found that the storm with the highest measured aerosol concentrations, English Setter, showed the greatest redistribution of snowfall inland beyond the Tug Hill Plateau. However, the impacts of aerosols were still ambiguous. Low aerosol levels during other storms still resulted in some snowfall displacement, suggesting flow patterns also influenced precipitation distribution. The document concludes that while aerosol concentrations were generally low, their role in lake effect snowfall warrants further investigation.
The Deadly Bay; 'Bay of Bengal' – the Mother House of Tropical CyclonesArup Giri
Bay of Bengal responsible for 50% cyclone related deaths, whereas it only domiciliates 0.6% of the global ocean. Still, it has the highest percentage for the origination of tropical cyclones. From year after year, the tropical cyclones originated in the Bay of Bengal; most of them converted to severe storms, which caused a lot of causalities and destruction of human civilization of different countries located around the Bay of Bengal (BOB). Then, why BOB is so deadly?
Climate Extreme (extreme weather or climate event) refers to the occurrence of a value of a weather or climate variable above (or below) a threshold value near the upper (or lower) ends of the range of observed values of the variable. Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER - 2.1 LOCAL ENERGY BU...George Dumitrache
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 2.1 Local Energy Budgets, from the second chapter of Physical Geography, AS Cambridge, Atmosphere and Weather.
The Deadly Bay; 'Bay of Bengal' – the Mother House of Tropical CyclonesArup Giri
Bay of Bengal responsible for 50% cyclone related deaths, whereas it only domiciliates 0.6% of the global ocean. Still, it has the highest percentage for the origination of tropical cyclones. From year after year, the tropical cyclones originated in the Bay of Bengal; most of them converted to severe storms, which caused a lot of causalities and destruction of human civilization of different countries located around the Bay of Bengal (BOB). Then, why BOB is so deadly?
Climate Extreme (extreme weather or climate event) refers to the occurrence of a value of a weather or climate variable above (or below) a threshold value near the upper (or lower) ends of the range of observed values of the variable. Extreme weather and climate events, interacting with exposed and vulnerable human and natural systems, can lead to disasters.
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER - 2.1 LOCAL ENERGY BU...George Dumitrache
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 2.1 Local Energy Budgets, from the second chapter of Physical Geography, AS Cambridge, Atmosphere and Weather.
TEMPERATURE
COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Layers of the ATMOSPHERE
WEATHER and CLIMATE
LATITUDINAL ZONES
ELEMENTS & CONTROLS OF WEATHER & CLIMATE
WARM MAJOR CURRENTS OF THE WORLD
Land Breeze & Sea Breeze
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A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 2.2 The Global Energy Budget, from the second chapter of Physical Geography, AS Cambridge, Atmosphere and Weather.
AS Level Physical Geography - Atmosphere and WeatherArm Punyathorn
Weather influences every part of our daily life. Climate shapes our culture, our history and our civilization. The changes in wind, temperature, humidity can not be underestimated.
TEMPERATURE
COMPOSITION OF THE ATMOSPHERE
Layers of the ATMOSPHERE
WEATHER and CLIMATE
LATITUDINAL ZONES
ELEMENTS & CONTROLS OF WEATHER & CLIMATE
WARM MAJOR CURRENTS OF THE WORLD
Land Breeze & Sea Breeze
CAMBRIDGE AS GEOGRAPHY REVISION: ATMOSPHERE AND WEATHER - 2.2 THE GLOBAL ENER...George Dumitrache
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 2.2 The Global Energy Budget, from the second chapter of Physical Geography, AS Cambridge, Atmosphere and Weather.
AS Level Physical Geography - Atmosphere and WeatherArm Punyathorn
Weather influences every part of our daily life. Climate shapes our culture, our history and our civilization. The changes in wind, temperature, humidity can not be underestimated.
Public engagement in Ontario's energy policy 2009 2016Marco Covi
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Presented as a guest lecture to Designing for the Web (Spring 2016) students.
From Design to Redesign: A Case Study of UTS LibraryEdward Luca
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Delivered to User Experience Design (Autumn 2015) students.
The greenhouse effect occurs when an earth warmed by the solar spectrum radiates invisible infrared light back, but, instead of going back to space, it is partly absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, making the atmosphere warmer. Substantial areas of North America are likely to have more frequent droughts of greater severity. Hurricane wind speeds, rainfall intensity, and storm surge levels are likely to increase. The strongest winter storms are likely to become more frequent, with stronger winds and more extreme wave heights. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
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The largest association of meteorologists and climate scientists issued a fresh statement on the scientific evidence for human-driven climate change and possible impacts. This is an update from the 2007 statement that can be found here: http://www.ametsoc.org/policy/2007climatechange.html
More on climate change on Dot Earth:
http://j.mp/dotBasic http://j.mp/dotBasics
Climate Change Basics: Issues and Impacts for BoatingNASBLA
State Climatologist David Zierden presented Climate Change Basics: Issues and Impacts for Boating to the National Association of State Boating Law Administrators on September 9, 2008
2. • Considers the presence of
aerosols disrupting the riming
process of ice particles within
a mix phase cloud.
• A larger concentration of
aerosols within a mixed phase
cloud will delay or suppress
snowfall.
• If this occurs on the windward
side of a geographic barrier,
then ice particles may be
advected and precipitate
further downstream.
3. Lynn, B., A. Khain, D. Rosenfeld, and W. L. Woodley (2007), Effects of
aerosols on precipitation from orographic clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 112.
• Modeled a snowfall event under two separate environmental conditions:
1) Continental Polluted Conditions Caused Snowfall Spillover to occur.
2) Maritime Pristine Conditions Caused snowfall to remain primarily on the
windward side of the orographic barrier
Question to ask…
What would happen in a real life scenario, with a land locked, maritime
influenced event? (i.e. Lake-Effect Event)
How can aerosols affect lake-effect snow distribution?
4. • Focused on three
sequential Lake Effect
Storms within the Tug
Hill Plateau region of
Upstate NY
• Lake Storm Dalmatian
( Jan. 19-21 2008)
• Lake Storm English
Setter
(Jan 23-24, 2008)
• Lake Storm Fox Hound
(Jan. 25, 2008)
QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS!
• Level 3 Modis Optical Depth Maps (Giovanni)
• AirNow Fine Particle Concentration (EPA/Giovanni)
• Reanalysis Maps from National Operational
Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center’s Interactive
Snow Mapping Service: Temperature, Average
Wind, Snowfall Accumulation during 24 hour period
of maximum snowfall.
5. • First and strongest
storm of the
three, with
accumulations of
up to 3 feet in
some locations.
• Highest snowfall
confined to lake
shore, with some
blow over beyond
the plateau. • Defined by a single band that developed from a westerly
flow, with the strongest winds along the southern shore 10
to 15 mph.
• Note: Winds averaged for the 24 hour period of highest snowfall.
6. • MODIS displayed optical
depths between .125 and .155
• Very LOW Maritime
Concentration
• AirNow Concentrations
reaching 10.3 μg/ m^3
• Also low by EPA standards
• Good Air Quality
7. • Low concentrations of aerosols confine the bulk the major
snowfall to the windward side of the Tug Hill Plateau
• Any spillover displayed may be attributed to the stronger
surface winds over the lake.
8. • Quickly followed Lake Storm Dalmatian, after the passage of a frontal
system. Arctic air reestablished itself over the Tug Hill Region.
• The flow is similar to that of Dalmation, but the winds were much
weaker, at 5 to 10 mph.
9. • Aerosol optical depth over
Lake Ontario proved to be
even lower or mixed out after
the frontal passage
• However, AirNow fine
particle concentration were
much higher along the
Southern Lake shore during
English Setter.
Concentrations ranged
between 10.4 and 13.1 μg/m^3
10. • The narrow band that developed during English Setter can clearly be
seen in the 24 hour snowfall map.
• However, unlike in Lake Storm Dalmation, the extension of snowfall
is much further inland. Snowfall appears to occur further into the
Adirondacks, despite lower average winds off the lake.
11. • Represents the weakest of the three storms, with only a narrow band of
heavy snow developing over Jefferson and Oswego County (close to the lake
shore).
• Winds and temperature were comparable to Lake Storm English Setter.
13. • Despite lower aerosol concentrations during Fox Hound, an extension
of snowfall accumulation inland still occurred.
• Unlike in English Setter though, a slight Northwest shift in the
prevailing flow occurred. This could have caused the further
distribution of snow inward.
14. • All three storms displayed snowfall redistribution that extended
inland to some extent. The general accumulations that occurred
within these locations ranged between 3 to 7 inches.
• Lake Storm English Setter displayed the highest aerosol
concentrations of the three storms. It also displayed the largest
area of displaced accumulations of the three. Possible spillover?
• The snowfall redistribution that occurred within Dalmatian and
English Setter could be attributed to more to the changes within
the prevailing flow at the time.
• Final Conclusion: The impact of aerosols on these three storms is
still ambiguous, but worth further investigation.
• Despite generally low concentrations, it is still possible that
aerosols could be playing some role in snowfall distribution
English Setter
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