Chromatography and its classifications along with principles and applications...Sukanta Debnath
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The document provides an overview of various chromatography techniques including thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), column chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and affinity chromatography. It discusses the basic principles, applications, and key steps for each technique. The document is intended as a presentation on modern pharmaceutical analytical chromatography techniques.
Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures by exploiting differences in how components interact with stationary and mobile phases. The document discusses several types of chromatography including column chromatography, paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. It provides details on the principles, instrumentation, and procedures for each type. The key points are that chromatography separates mixtures based on how components partition between stationary and mobile phases, resulting in separation over time. A variety of stationary and mobile phases can be used depending on the application and components.
This document discusses paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Paper chromatography uses cellulose filter paper as the stationary phase and a liquid as the mobile phase to separate solid and liquid compounds based on their polarity. Thin layer chromatography uses a silica gel coated glass plate as the stationary phase and a liquid mobile phase to separate non-volatile mixtures based on the polarity of particles toward the phases. Both techniques work on the principle of separating compounds based on their distribution between a solid stationary phase and liquid mobile phase.
Column chromatography is a technique used to separate chemical compounds in a mixture based on how they interact differently with the stationary and mobile phases in the column. Compounds move through the column at different rates depending on their affinity for the stationary phase, allowing them to elute from the column in separate fractions over time. This technique can be used on both small and large scales to purify compounds for use in experiments by exploiting differences in their adsorption properties.
Column chromatography is a method used to separate chemical mixtures by using a column filled with a stationary phase and pumping a mobile phase through it. Key steps include preparing the column with a dry or wet method, loading the sample, and collecting fractions as compounds elute from the column at different rates depending on their interactions with the stationary phase. Resolution, a measure of separation, can be calculated from chromatograms by measuring retention times and curve widths. Automated systems now streamline column chromatography but typically have lower resolution than HPLC.
This is about on TLC. and I hope it will helpful for you.
In this describe about their introduction, principle, application, procedure, methodology, RF value, and their advantage, disadvantage
Thank youđ
This document provides an overview of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and its use in pathology. It describes the basic components and separation mechanisms of chromatography, including mobile phase, stationary phase, and how separation occurs. It then discusses various types of chromatography techniques like ion exchange, partition, size exclusion, and affinity chromatography. The document focuses on HPLC, describing its instrumentation including reservoirs, pumps, injectors, columns, and detectors. It explains how HPLC provides improved resolution, speed, and reproducibility over other chromatography methods.
Column chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures of chemical compounds based on how they interact with a stationary and mobile phase. The stationary phase is typically a solid adsorbent packed into a glass column, while the mobile phase is a liquid that passes through the column. Compounds separate as they move through the column at different rates depending on their relative affinities for the stationary and mobile phases. Fractions are collected as compounds elute from the column and can be analyzed by thin layer chromatography to identify the purified compounds. Column chromatography is useful for preparative separations and purification of synthetic or natural products.
Chromatography and its classifications along with principles and applications...Sukanta Debnath
Â
The document provides an overview of various chromatography techniques including thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography (GC), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), column chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and affinity chromatography. It discusses the basic principles, applications, and key steps for each technique. The document is intended as a presentation on modern pharmaceutical analytical chromatography techniques.
Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures by exploiting differences in how components interact with stationary and mobile phases. The document discusses several types of chromatography including column chromatography, paper chromatography, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. It provides details on the principles, instrumentation, and procedures for each type. The key points are that chromatography separates mixtures based on how components partition between stationary and mobile phases, resulting in separation over time. A variety of stationary and mobile phases can be used depending on the application and components.
This document discusses paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography. Paper chromatography uses cellulose filter paper as the stationary phase and a liquid as the mobile phase to separate solid and liquid compounds based on their polarity. Thin layer chromatography uses a silica gel coated glass plate as the stationary phase and a liquid mobile phase to separate non-volatile mixtures based on the polarity of particles toward the phases. Both techniques work on the principle of separating compounds based on their distribution between a solid stationary phase and liquid mobile phase.
Column chromatography is a technique used to separate chemical compounds in a mixture based on how they interact differently with the stationary and mobile phases in the column. Compounds move through the column at different rates depending on their affinity for the stationary phase, allowing them to elute from the column in separate fractions over time. This technique can be used on both small and large scales to purify compounds for use in experiments by exploiting differences in their adsorption properties.
Column chromatography is a method used to separate chemical mixtures by using a column filled with a stationary phase and pumping a mobile phase through it. Key steps include preparing the column with a dry or wet method, loading the sample, and collecting fractions as compounds elute from the column at different rates depending on their interactions with the stationary phase. Resolution, a measure of separation, can be calculated from chromatograms by measuring retention times and curve widths. Automated systems now streamline column chromatography but typically have lower resolution than HPLC.
This is about on TLC. and I hope it will helpful for you.
In this describe about their introduction, principle, application, procedure, methodology, RF value, and their advantage, disadvantage
Thank youđ
This document provides an overview of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and its use in pathology. It describes the basic components and separation mechanisms of chromatography, including mobile phase, stationary phase, and how separation occurs. It then discusses various types of chromatography techniques like ion exchange, partition, size exclusion, and affinity chromatography. The document focuses on HPLC, describing its instrumentation including reservoirs, pumps, injectors, columns, and detectors. It explains how HPLC provides improved resolution, speed, and reproducibility over other chromatography methods.
Column chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures of chemical compounds based on how they interact with a stationary and mobile phase. The stationary phase is typically a solid adsorbent packed into a glass column, while the mobile phase is a liquid that passes through the column. Compounds separate as they move through the column at different rates depending on their relative affinities for the stationary and mobile phases. Fractions are collected as compounds elute from the column and can be analyzed by thin layer chromatography to identify the purified compounds. Column chromatography is useful for preparative separations and purification of synthetic or natural products.
Types of Chromatography(Stationary Phase).pptxPriyaDixit46
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Types of chromatography are classified based on their stationary phase. Thin layer chromatography uses a thin layer of adsorbent like silica gel or aluminum sheet as the stationary phase. Paper chromatography uses filter paper as the stationary phase. Column chromatography uses an adsorbent material like silica gel packed in a glass column as the stationary phase. The document further describes the basic principles, procedures, and applications of these chromatography techniques.
Chromatography is a physical separation technique that separates components between two phases, one stationary and one mobile. It has been used since 1900 to separate plant pigments. There are several chromatography techniques including thin layer chromatography (TLC), column chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC). Advanced techniques include affinity, size-exclusion, simulated moving-bed, and chiral chromatography. Chromatography has applications in Ayurveda for drug identification, standardization of herbs and formulations, assessing fermentation reactions, and developing fingerprints of single and polyherbal formulations.
Chromatography techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), and gas chromatography (GC) can be used to separate mixtures. HPLC uses high pressure to push a mobile phase through a column containing a stationary phase to separate complex mixtures. FPLC is a modified HPLC system designed for separating proteins more gently. GC vaporizes samples and uses an inert gas mobile phase to separate components in a sample based on differences in how they partition between the gas and a liquid or solid stationary phase.
Downstream processing involves the separation, purification, and packaging of products after fermentation or bioconversion. It includes several stages: removal of insolubles by filtration, centrifugation, or flocculation; product isolation using liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption, or ultrafiltration; product purification using chromatography, crystallization, or fractional precipitation; and product polishing through additional processes prior to packaging. Key unit operations at each stage aim to separate and concentrate the target product while removing contaminants.
Chromatography separates components in a mixture using a stationary and mobile phase. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a type of chromatography that uses high pressure to force a liquid mobile phase through a column packed with solid particles. The document discusses various aspects of HPLC including separation modes, selecting stationary and mobile phases, HPLC system components, and applications.
Partition chromatography & partition paper chromatographyArtina Aquitania
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Partition chromatography separates mixtures based on differences in how components partition between two immiscible liquid phases. The stationary phase is a liquid coated on a solid support, and separation occurs as the mobile phase passes through based on each component's partition coefficient. Paper partition chromatography uses the moisture in filter paper as the stationary phase, with an organic solvent or buffer as the mobile phase. Components separate based on their relative solubilities in the paper versus solvent, with their positions after development quantified using Rf values. Factors like solvent choice, paper quality, and development conditions influence separations and Rf values.
HPLC is a type of liquid chromatography that uses a pump to force a mobile phase through a column packed with solid particles or porous material at high pressure. This allows for high-speed and high-performance separation of mixtures into individual components. HPLC works on the principle of adsorption, where different components interact differently with the stationary phase in the column and therefore separate and elute at different rates when the mobile phase is passed through under pressure. The basic instrumentation of HPLC includes a pump, injector, column, detector, and computer.
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a technique used to separate compounds in a mixture. It works by forcing a pressurized liquid mobile phase through a column containing a stationary phase, which causes the compounds in a sample to separate as they interact differently with the phases. HPLC provides faster, more efficient separations than traditional column chromatography due to the use of high pressure. It has various applications including drug analysis, polymer analysis, and purification of biopolymers.
Introduction
Definition
History
Types of chromatography
Principle of column chromatography
Types of column chromatography
Process of column chromatography
Requirement
Procedure
Precautions
Applications
Advantage of Column chromatography
Disadvantage of Column chromatography
Conclusion
References
The document provides an overview of column chromatography, including its history, key components, principles, procedures, applications, and advantages/limitations. Column chromatography is a separation technique that uses a stationary phase (often silica gel or alumina) packed into a column and a liquid or gas mobile phase to separate mixtures based on how strongly components interact with the stationary phase. It was developed in 1901 and is widely used today to purify compounds and remove impurities from mixtures.
Chromatography : A seperation techniqueSHIVANEE VYAS
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Chromatography is a method of seperating mixture of components into individual components through equlibrium distribution between two phases.
Each chromatographic method essentially consists of 2 phases a staionary phase and a mobile phase.
Stationary phase : solid or liquid
Mobile phase : liquid or gas
This document provides an overview of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It begins by defining HPLC and explaining that it uses small particle columns and high pressure to achieve faster separations compared to traditional liquid chromatography. The document then discusses the basic components and principles of HPLC, including the stationary and mobile phases, various modes of separation, and common instrumentation such as pumps, injectors, columns, and detectors. It provides details on the configuration and function of each component.
This document discusses the key stages in the downstream process after fermentation. It describes:
1) Removal of insolubles such as cells through filtration, centrifugation or sedimentation.
2) Product isolation through liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption or ultrafiltration to remove water and concentrate the product.
3) Product purification using chromatography to separate contaminants similar to the product. Affinity chromatography can achieve high selectivity and purification.
Chromatography is a technique used to separate and identify the components of a mixture. It works by allowing the molecules present in the mixture to distribute themselves between a stationary and a mobile medium. Molecules that spend most of their time in the mobile phase are carried along faster. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a type of chromatography where the stationary phase is a thin layer of adsorbent coated on a plate and the mobile phase is a liquid that travels up the plate, separating the components based on how strongly they adsorb to the stationary phase. Paper chromatography uses a paper strip as the stationary phase, with an organic solvent as the mobile phase.
ppt application chromatography in pharmacy.pptxDrVivekChauhan1
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Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into individual components. It was first invented in 1906 by Mikhail Tswett who separated chlorophyll and xanthophyll. There are two main types of chromatography: partition chromatography and adsorption chromatography. Paper chromatography uses a paper strip as the stationary phase, with samples applied as spots and developed with a mobile phase solvent. Thin layer chromatography uses coated plates as the stationary phase. Gas chromatography uses gases as the mobile phase to separate components through a column at elevated temperatures. High performance liquid chromatography applies high pressure to the mobile phase to rapidly separate components through smaller stationary phase particles.
Cell fractionation is a procedure to separate cell constituents by rupturing cells and centrifuging the components. It involves extraction of cells in isotonic buffer, homogenization to disrupt cells, and differential or density gradient centrifugation to separate components based on size, shape, and density. Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate particles from solutions into pellets and supernatants or allow migration through density gradients. This allows isolation and study of organelles and molecules.
Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into individual components. It works by distributing components between a stationary and mobile phase based on differences in how strongly each component interacts with the phases. The main types are adsorption, partition, ion exchange, size exclusion, and affinity chromatography. Chromatography is widely used in industries like pharmaceuticals, food, chemicals, and molecular biology to analyze, identify, purify, and quantify mixtures and components.
HPLC involves forcing a pressurized mobile liquid phase through a column packed with solid particles that separates the components of a injected sample mixture. Key aspects of HPLC include the pump that drives the mobile phase, the injector that introduces the sample, the column that performs the separation, and a detector that provides a signal output used to generate a chromatogram. HPLC can be used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, biochemistry, and environmental analysis.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the bodyâs response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Types of Chromatography(Stationary Phase).pptxPriyaDixit46
Â
Types of chromatography are classified based on their stationary phase. Thin layer chromatography uses a thin layer of adsorbent like silica gel or aluminum sheet as the stationary phase. Paper chromatography uses filter paper as the stationary phase. Column chromatography uses an adsorbent material like silica gel packed in a glass column as the stationary phase. The document further describes the basic principles, procedures, and applications of these chromatography techniques.
Chromatography is a physical separation technique that separates components between two phases, one stationary and one mobile. It has been used since 1900 to separate plant pigments. There are several chromatography techniques including thin layer chromatography (TLC), column chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gas chromatography (GC). Advanced techniques include affinity, size-exclusion, simulated moving-bed, and chiral chromatography. Chromatography has applications in Ayurveda for drug identification, standardization of herbs and formulations, assessing fermentation reactions, and developing fingerprints of single and polyherbal formulations.
Chromatography techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), and gas chromatography (GC) can be used to separate mixtures. HPLC uses high pressure to push a mobile phase through a column containing a stationary phase to separate complex mixtures. FPLC is a modified HPLC system designed for separating proteins more gently. GC vaporizes samples and uses an inert gas mobile phase to separate components in a sample based on differences in how they partition between the gas and a liquid or solid stationary phase.
Downstream processing involves the separation, purification, and packaging of products after fermentation or bioconversion. It includes several stages: removal of insolubles by filtration, centrifugation, or flocculation; product isolation using liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption, or ultrafiltration; product purification using chromatography, crystallization, or fractional precipitation; and product polishing through additional processes prior to packaging. Key unit operations at each stage aim to separate and concentrate the target product while removing contaminants.
Chromatography separates components in a mixture using a stationary and mobile phase. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a type of chromatography that uses high pressure to force a liquid mobile phase through a column packed with solid particles. The document discusses various aspects of HPLC including separation modes, selecting stationary and mobile phases, HPLC system components, and applications.
Partition chromatography & partition paper chromatographyArtina Aquitania
Â
Partition chromatography separates mixtures based on differences in how components partition between two immiscible liquid phases. The stationary phase is a liquid coated on a solid support, and separation occurs as the mobile phase passes through based on each component's partition coefficient. Paper partition chromatography uses the moisture in filter paper as the stationary phase, with an organic solvent or buffer as the mobile phase. Components separate based on their relative solubilities in the paper versus solvent, with their positions after development quantified using Rf values. Factors like solvent choice, paper quality, and development conditions influence separations and Rf values.
HPLC is a type of liquid chromatography that uses a pump to force a mobile phase through a column packed with solid particles or porous material at high pressure. This allows for high-speed and high-performance separation of mixtures into individual components. HPLC works on the principle of adsorption, where different components interact differently with the stationary phase in the column and therefore separate and elute at different rates when the mobile phase is passed through under pressure. The basic instrumentation of HPLC includes a pump, injector, column, detector, and computer.
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a technique used to separate compounds in a mixture. It works by forcing a pressurized liquid mobile phase through a column containing a stationary phase, which causes the compounds in a sample to separate as they interact differently with the phases. HPLC provides faster, more efficient separations than traditional column chromatography due to the use of high pressure. It has various applications including drug analysis, polymer analysis, and purification of biopolymers.
Introduction
Definition
History
Types of chromatography
Principle of column chromatography
Types of column chromatography
Process of column chromatography
Requirement
Procedure
Precautions
Applications
Advantage of Column chromatography
Disadvantage of Column chromatography
Conclusion
References
The document provides an overview of column chromatography, including its history, key components, principles, procedures, applications, and advantages/limitations. Column chromatography is a separation technique that uses a stationary phase (often silica gel or alumina) packed into a column and a liquid or gas mobile phase to separate mixtures based on how strongly components interact with the stationary phase. It was developed in 1901 and is widely used today to purify compounds and remove impurities from mixtures.
Chromatography : A seperation techniqueSHIVANEE VYAS
Â
Chromatography is a method of seperating mixture of components into individual components through equlibrium distribution between two phases.
Each chromatographic method essentially consists of 2 phases a staionary phase and a mobile phase.
Stationary phase : solid or liquid
Mobile phase : liquid or gas
This document provides an overview of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It begins by defining HPLC and explaining that it uses small particle columns and high pressure to achieve faster separations compared to traditional liquid chromatography. The document then discusses the basic components and principles of HPLC, including the stationary and mobile phases, various modes of separation, and common instrumentation such as pumps, injectors, columns, and detectors. It provides details on the configuration and function of each component.
This document discusses the key stages in the downstream process after fermentation. It describes:
1) Removal of insolubles such as cells through filtration, centrifugation or sedimentation.
2) Product isolation through liquid-liquid extraction, adsorption or ultrafiltration to remove water and concentrate the product.
3) Product purification using chromatography to separate contaminants similar to the product. Affinity chromatography can achieve high selectivity and purification.
Chromatography is a technique used to separate and identify the components of a mixture. It works by allowing the molecules present in the mixture to distribute themselves between a stationary and a mobile medium. Molecules that spend most of their time in the mobile phase are carried along faster. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a type of chromatography where the stationary phase is a thin layer of adsorbent coated on a plate and the mobile phase is a liquid that travels up the plate, separating the components based on how strongly they adsorb to the stationary phase. Paper chromatography uses a paper strip as the stationary phase, with an organic solvent as the mobile phase.
ppt application chromatography in pharmacy.pptxDrVivekChauhan1
Â
Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into individual components. It was first invented in 1906 by Mikhail Tswett who separated chlorophyll and xanthophyll. There are two main types of chromatography: partition chromatography and adsorption chromatography. Paper chromatography uses a paper strip as the stationary phase, with samples applied as spots and developed with a mobile phase solvent. Thin layer chromatography uses coated plates as the stationary phase. Gas chromatography uses gases as the mobile phase to separate components through a column at elevated temperatures. High performance liquid chromatography applies high pressure to the mobile phase to rapidly separate components through smaller stationary phase particles.
Cell fractionation is a procedure to separate cell constituents by rupturing cells and centrifuging the components. It involves extraction of cells in isotonic buffer, homogenization to disrupt cells, and differential or density gradient centrifugation to separate components based on size, shape, and density. Centrifugation uses centrifugal force to separate particles from solutions into pellets and supernatants or allow migration through density gradients. This allows isolation and study of organelles and molecules.
Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures into individual components. It works by distributing components between a stationary and mobile phase based on differences in how strongly each component interacts with the phases. The main types are adsorption, partition, ion exchange, size exclusion, and affinity chromatography. Chromatography is widely used in industries like pharmaceuticals, food, chemicals, and molecular biology to analyze, identify, purify, and quantify mixtures and components.
HPLC involves forcing a pressurized mobile liquid phase through a column packed with solid particles that separates the components of a injected sample mixture. Key aspects of HPLC include the pump that drives the mobile phase, the injector that introduces the sample, the column that performs the separation, and a detector that provides a signal output used to generate a chromatogram. HPLC can be used for both qualitative and quantitative analysis in various fields such as pharmaceuticals, biochemistry, and environmental analysis.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the bodyâs response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
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A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
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Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
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This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
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The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
2. Ascending TLC Chromatography
âĸ Adsorbent Layer-Stationary Phase
âĸ The eluent solvent-Mobile Phase
âĸ The process of elution is drawn up on the plate by Capillary action
âĸ different analytes ascend the TLC plate at different rates, separation is achieved.
Ascending and Descending chromatography technique is used for the separation of
Organic & Inorganic compounds
3. Descending TLC Chromatography
âĸ An analytical technique in which the mobile phase moves downward
through the stationary phase.
âĸ While in descending chromatography, the mobile phase move
downwards through the paper, and it moves faster due to the effect of
gravity.
4.
5. Soxlet extraction
Principle
Soxhlet extraction is an exhaustive extraction technique widely
applied to analytes that are sufficiently thermally stable. The
extraction solvent is continuously cycled though the matrix, by
boiling and condensation, with the sample being collected in the
hot solvent.
Extraction Technique
7. Solvent extraction
âĸ Solvent extraction is based on the principle of liquid-liquid
extraction.
âĸ Solvent extraction is the process in which a compound
transfers from one solvent to another owing to the
difference in solubility or distribution coefficient between
these two immiscible (or slightly soluble) solvents.
8. Microwave Assisted Extraction
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is a process of using microwave energy
to heat solvents in contact with a sample in order to partition analytes from
the sample matrix into the solvent. The ability to rapidly heat the sample
solvent mixture is inherent to MAE and the main advantage of this
technique.