Grading in education involves applying standardized measurements to assess varying levels of achievement in a course. Grades are typically assigned as letters, ranges, percentages, or numbers out of a total. Some countries calculate a grade point average (GPA) by averaging all current class grades, which can be used by employers or colleges. The document also outlines the grading scheme used by the Textile Institute of Pakistan, including grades that are not calculated in the GPA and how the GPA is calculated by credit hours. Charts in the document show student scores on tests and overall, indicating good teaching quality and student performance at the institute.