The document provides an overview of various aspects of life during the Warring States period in ancient China, including social structure, housing, food, family life, marriage, and childhood. The period was one of ongoing war between seven major states as the imperial dynasty lost power. Society became more meritocratic and private land ownership emerged, though patriarchal social norms remained. Families typically lived simply but wealthier elites enjoyed more elaborate housing and diets. Education was growing but largely restricted to boys.
The document provides an overview of various aspects of life during the Warring States period in ancient China from 475-221 BC. It describes the social structure, housing, food, family life, marriage, childhood, education, religion, clothing, art, music and festivals. The Warring States period saw changes from the preceding Spring and Autumn period, including a breakdown of the feudal system and more social mobility. Common people had more opportunities to own land and advance their status.
Ancient China had a complex social hierarchy and culture. The wealthy lived in large compounds with high walls for privacy and protection, while poor families lived in small mud homes. Boys could attend school to learn Confucian philosophy, but daughters had few rights and were expected to obey male relatives. People practiced ancestor worship and also believed in local gods. Festivals honored cultural and religious traditions. The ancient Chinese made advances in technology, including paper, gunpowder, and the compass.
Ancient China had a long history, with records dating back over 5,000 years. Some key aspects of ancient Chinese civilization included:
- China developed one of the earliest continuous civilizations, with unified rule beginning in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang.
- Society was stratified, with nobles living lavishly while farmers worked hard with little reward. Confucianism emphasized social hierarchies and responsibilities.
- The economy relied on agriculture along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, and trade developed along the Silk Road connecting China to other regions.
- Inventions like paper, printing, the compass, and gunpowder originated in ancient China. Traditional architecture, arts, medicine, and other
The ancient Egyptian civilization lasted approximately 3000 years and was divided into nine distinct time periods. Daily life was structured around a social hierarchy with the pharaoh at the top. Most Egyptians lived in mud brick houses and ate a diet of bread and beer and some meat and fruits. Children started helping with work around age 5, and wealthy boys could attend school to learn reading, writing, and mathematics. Religion was the most important part of Egyptian life and centered around many gods. Art forms included painting, sculpture, architecture, and pottery.
Ancient China had a strict social hierarchy with the emperor at the top, followed by nobles, scholars, religious leaders, farmers, guards, merchants, and slaves at the bottom. Different dynasties ruled China over time. Merchants played a vital economic role but were usually poor, while silk was a main export that China kept secret. The social structures helped develop China's economy but mainly benefited those with skills to rise in status, showing the importance of hierarchy and honor. Today we have learned from China's social structures about equality, important industries like silk, and that power should be decided by the people.
1) Ancient China saw the rise and fall of many dynasties over thousands of years, including the Shang Dynasty around 2000 BC and the Zhou Dynasty, as well as the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.
2) Early Chinese religions included ancestral worship, where families worshipped their deceased ancestors to gain their help or avoid punishment, as well as the worship of nature gods. Divination methods including oracle bones were also used.
3) Philosophies like Taoism which believed in balance and harmony with nature, and Confucianism which emphasized social order and duty, emerged around 600 BC and influenced Chinese culture. Buddhism was also introduced around 500 AD.
4) Traditional Chinese culture
Ancient China lasted over 5,000 years and was an influential civilization that invented many important things. The ancient Chinese invented paper, gunpowder, the compass, and printing. They also developed unique styles of clothing, architecture, and belief systems like Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. The ancient Chinese society left many legacies that are still important in the modern world.
This document provides an overview of China's contributions to the modern world through inventions and advancements across five dynasties: the Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. Key points discussed include:
- Inventions like paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, and rockets that originated in China and benefited later societies.
- Infrastructure projects under the Sui dynasty like the Grand Canal and use of canal locks that improved trade and transportation.
- The Tang dynasty fostered urbanization and trade along the Silk Road, while the Song dynasty emphasized education.
- An activity asks students to order Chinese inventions by their influence on the modern world before discussing their rankings and
The document provides an overview of various aspects of life during the Warring States period in ancient China from 475-221 BC. It describes the social structure, housing, food, family life, marriage, childhood, education, religion, clothing, art, music and festivals. The Warring States period saw changes from the preceding Spring and Autumn period, including a breakdown of the feudal system and more social mobility. Common people had more opportunities to own land and advance their status.
Ancient China had a complex social hierarchy and culture. The wealthy lived in large compounds with high walls for privacy and protection, while poor families lived in small mud homes. Boys could attend school to learn Confucian philosophy, but daughters had few rights and were expected to obey male relatives. People practiced ancestor worship and also believed in local gods. Festivals honored cultural and religious traditions. The ancient Chinese made advances in technology, including paper, gunpowder, and the compass.
Ancient China had a long history, with records dating back over 5,000 years. Some key aspects of ancient Chinese civilization included:
- China developed one of the earliest continuous civilizations, with unified rule beginning in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang.
- Society was stratified, with nobles living lavishly while farmers worked hard with little reward. Confucianism emphasized social hierarchies and responsibilities.
- The economy relied on agriculture along the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, and trade developed along the Silk Road connecting China to other regions.
- Inventions like paper, printing, the compass, and gunpowder originated in ancient China. Traditional architecture, arts, medicine, and other
The ancient Egyptian civilization lasted approximately 3000 years and was divided into nine distinct time periods. Daily life was structured around a social hierarchy with the pharaoh at the top. Most Egyptians lived in mud brick houses and ate a diet of bread and beer and some meat and fruits. Children started helping with work around age 5, and wealthy boys could attend school to learn reading, writing, and mathematics. Religion was the most important part of Egyptian life and centered around many gods. Art forms included painting, sculpture, architecture, and pottery.
Ancient China had a strict social hierarchy with the emperor at the top, followed by nobles, scholars, religious leaders, farmers, guards, merchants, and slaves at the bottom. Different dynasties ruled China over time. Merchants played a vital economic role but were usually poor, while silk was a main export that China kept secret. The social structures helped develop China's economy but mainly benefited those with skills to rise in status, showing the importance of hierarchy and honor. Today we have learned from China's social structures about equality, important industries like silk, and that power should be decided by the people.
1) Ancient China saw the rise and fall of many dynasties over thousands of years, including the Shang Dynasty around 2000 BC and the Zhou Dynasty, as well as the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.
2) Early Chinese religions included ancestral worship, where families worshipped their deceased ancestors to gain their help or avoid punishment, as well as the worship of nature gods. Divination methods including oracle bones were also used.
3) Philosophies like Taoism which believed in balance and harmony with nature, and Confucianism which emphasized social order and duty, emerged around 600 BC and influenced Chinese culture. Buddhism was also introduced around 500 AD.
4) Traditional Chinese culture
Ancient China lasted over 5,000 years and was an influential civilization that invented many important things. The ancient Chinese invented paper, gunpowder, the compass, and printing. They also developed unique styles of clothing, architecture, and belief systems like Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. The ancient Chinese society left many legacies that are still important in the modern world.
This document provides an overview of China's contributions to the modern world through inventions and advancements across five dynasties: the Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. Key points discussed include:
- Inventions like paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, and rockets that originated in China and benefited later societies.
- Infrastructure projects under the Sui dynasty like the Grand Canal and use of canal locks that improved trade and transportation.
- The Tang dynasty fostered urbanization and trade along the Silk Road, while the Song dynasty emphasized education.
- An activity asks students to order Chinese inventions by their influence on the modern world before discussing their rankings and
Ancient China had a hierarchical social structure led by kings and powerful leaders. Farmers made up the largest social class but had little land and wealth. People lived simply in mud brick homes. Wealthier Chinese had larger homes and slaves. Staple foods included rice and tea. Marriage was arranged and women had few rights. Education was largely only for wealthy boys. Ancient Chinese believed in many gods and also honored ancestors. Clothing generally consisted of simple tunics and robes. Art, music and festivals were important cultural aspects.
Ancient China lasted over 5,000 years and was one of the longest civilizations. It influenced modern society through important architectural achievements like the Great Wall, food traditions that varied by social class, and influential inventions such as paper, printing, gunpowder, and the compass. Chinese society was also highly structured along social hierarchies with different expectations for roles based on gender, wealth, and occupation.
In ancient China, society was strictly structured around family roles, with the father in charge and different expectations for men and women. People's social status determined factors like their jobs, education, and clothing. The wealthy wore silk while commoners wore cheaper fabrics. Food varied regionally but included rice, millet, vegetables, meat, eggs, and tea. Ancient Chinese inventions that still impact modern society include gunpowder, paper, printing, and the compass.
Ancient China had a long history, with records dating back over 5,000 years. China first unified in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang. The geography was defined by major rivers like the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. Society was stratified, with nobles living separate from farmers. Confucianism emphasized relationships and social order. The economy relied on agriculture along the rivers and international trade developed along the Silk Road by the 2nd century BC. Many important inventions like paper, printing, and the compass originated in ancient China.
Ancient China developed a unique culture due to its isolated geography along major river valleys and surrounded by natural barriers like mountains and deserts. The geography influenced the development of political and social structures, including the philosophy of the Mandate of Heaven and the emphasis on filial piety. Major religious and philosophical traditions that emerged in China and gained popularity included Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, and Legalism. The Great Wall of China was constructed starting in the 3rd century BCE and reconstructed during the Ming Dynasty to protect against nomadic tribes from the north.
The Shang Dynasty lasted from around 1600 BC to 1046 BC in ancient China. It followed the Xia Dynasty and introduced many advances. The Shang established a feudal system ruled by a king with nobles and slaves beneath him. They practiced agriculture, but also hunted and sacrificed humans. Writing, astronomy, and bronze-working advanced under the Shang. Society was patriarchal with arranged marriages and Confucian family structures. Religion centered on ancestor worship and nature gods like Shang Di. The wealthy lived in cities while commoners had mud-brick homes.
The Shang Dynasty ruled northern China from 1650-1027 BCE. They established the first Chinese civilization, centered around their walled capital of Anyang. Society was divided between an upper class of kings, nobles, and artisans who lived in large houses, and common farmers who lived in small villages. The Shang developed writing, fine pottery, advanced bronze metalworking, and silk production. They practiced human sacrifice in elaborate tombs for kings and believed in an afterlife. The Shang king acted as a priest and communicated with ancestors and gods. Their culture was based on concepts of yin and yang duality and the five elements of nature. The Shang were eventually defeated by the neighboring Zhou kingdom.
The Huns were a nomadic group that originated in Central Asia and expanded into Europe in the 4th century AD. They were led by powerful rulers like Attila the Hun, who took control in 434 and conquered much of Eastern Europe. The Huns lived a nomadic lifestyle in portable structures called yurts and focused on warfare. When Attila died, the Hunnic Empire collapsed as various subject peoples revolted. Remaining Huns were assimilated into the populations of Europe.
This document discusses aspects of traditional African tribal culture and society, including:
- Tribes were defined by their language, clothing, religion, behaviors and traditions.
- Communities emphasized the good of the group over individuals and deep loyalty to the tribe.
- Chiefs and kings governed tribal villages but had closer relationships with people than in other cultures.
- Family and lineage groups traced descent and provided a sense of identity.
- Roles of women, though subordinate, traced lineage through mothers.
- Boys and girls received separate educations to fulfill gender roles.
- Traditional African religions involved belief in spirits and ancestors, with diviners as mediators.
The document provides an overview of many aspects of life during the Han Dynasty in China, which lasted from 206 BCE to 220 CE. It discusses the political structure led by emperors, the social classes including peasants and wealthy landowners, daily activities like housing, childbirth, education, religion, art, music, and festivals. Technology and culture flourished during this period of Chinese history.
Ancient China was first unified in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang. The geography was defined by the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers where most people settled, as well as the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts and Himalayan Mountains. The economy was based on trading goods like silk, salt, and iron along the Silk Road. Society was stratified between wealthy nobles who lived in palaces and poor farmers who lived in huts. Women had few rights and were subject to practices like foot binding. Ancient Chinese practiced religions like Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism and believed in the concepts of yin and yang. China was ruled by dynasties led by different families until a new
Ancient China had a long history, with records dating back over 5,000 years to legendary rulers like the Five Emperors. China first unified in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang. The geography was defined by major rivers like the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. Ancient Chinese civilization was based around agriculture along the rivers, and traded goods like silk, salt, and iron. Confucianism became a major influence on society, which was hierarchical and emphasized proper relationships between people. Over time, the Chinese invented many technologies like paper, printing, and the compass that influenced other ancient cultures.
Ancient China developed many important inventions and philosophies. Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism were three major philosophies that emerged to bring order to society. The Silk Road connected China to Western civilizations through trade of goods like silk and porcelain. Powerful dynasties like the Shang and Zhou ruled China and established social hierarchies and the earliest written Chinese language. The Great Wall of China was first constructed over 2,000 years ago and later rebuilt to defend against invaders.
The Qin dynasty ruled China from 221 BC to 206 BC. It was the first dynasty to unify China under an centralized imperial system. Some key aspects summarized include:
- The Qin dynasty unified China after 500 years of separation and established the first centralized government with the country divided into 36 commanderies.
- Significant construction projects were undertaken including the Great Wall, terra cotta soldiers and the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang to protect the empire and serve as burial artifacts.
- Society was strictly stratified and controlled with peasants, artisans and scholars at the bottom. Education was limited mostly to boys from wealthy families.
- Agriculture formed the economic base with millet and rice as
1. West Africa's isolation from global trade routes ended in the 700s CE with the rise of trans-Saharan trade between West Africa and the Islamic world. Arab traders established routes across the Sahara Desert, exchanging salt and finished goods from North Africa for gold, ivory, and slaves from West African kingdoms.
2. The spread of Islam and cultural diffusion that accompanied trans-Saharan trade led to the rise of powerful empires in West Africa like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai along the Niger River. These kingdoms adopted many cultural and political aspects of Islamic civilization, including literacy, architecture, and forms of governance.
3. At its peak between 1250-1460,
Portugal and Spain first rose to economic prominence through worldwide trading activity starting in the 15th century. They were motivated by spreading Christianity ("God"), gaining fame and wealth ("glory and gold"). Portugal's Prince Henry the Navigator established a navigation school and sponsored voyages down the west African coast. Bartolomeu Dias was the first to sail around the Cape of Good Hope in 1487. Vasco da Gama reached India in 1498, establishing Portugal as a colonial power. Spain sponsored Columbus' voyages westward beginning in 1492, leading to Spanish conquests of the Aztec and Inca empires and colonization of the Americas. This established Spain and Portugal as the first global colonial empires, controlling
The document summarizes aspects of daily life during China's Han Dynasty which lasted from 206 BC to 220 AD. It describes the social hierarchy with the emperor at the top and peasants, artisans, and merchants below. Housing, food, family structure, education, religion, clothing, arts, music, and festivals are discussed for both the wealthy and poor classes. The Han Dynasty is presented as a period of growth and cultural development in Chinese history.
Ancient China had a long history and distinct culture that developed over thousands of years. Several quotes highlight how the Chinese valued learning from history for governance. China was ruled by a succession of dynasties, each claiming a mandate from heaven to bring order and infrastructure but often losing power due to issues like taxes or disasters. The dynastic cycle of rise and fall repeated over time. Ancient China developed river valley civilizations and saw transitions as people shifted from hunter-gathering to herding and farming lifestyles.
The document provides information about early river valley civilizations in China that developed along the Huang He (Yellow River) beginning around 4000 BC. It discusses the geography of China, including natural barriers like mountains and deserts that protected settlements along the river but also isolated Chinese civilization. The Yellow River was important for developing fertile soil but also caused unpredictable flooding. Early Chinese civilization established systems of writing, government, agriculture, and social hierarchies. Religions like Daoism, Confucianism, and later Buddhism became influential. The Chinese achieved advancements in areas like paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, and porcelain. Eventually China adopted a policy of isolationism to protect its culture from foreign influence.
The Han Dynasty ruled China from 206 BC to 220 AD. It followed the Qin Dynasty and was a period of economic prosperity and territorial expansion. The Han emperors established a strong central government and bureaucracy. Society was organized into social classes, including scholars, peasants, artisans, and merchants. Families, Confucian values, and ancestor worship were important cultural aspects of Han Dynasty China.
The document provides information about various aspects of life in Ancient Greece. It discusses the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, as well as the Dark Ages and rise of Classical Greece between 800 BC to 400 BC. It also summarizes social structures, roles of men and women, family life events like marriage and childbirth, as well as differences between the lives of the wealthy and poor.
This document provides reading assignments and instructions for students on the geography of ancient China. It discusses how China's physical geography, including mountains, deserts, and climate, influenced the development of early Chinese civilization. It isolated China from outside contact for thousands of years until the Han Empire opened trade routes like the Silk Road. Students are asked to answer geography questions, label a map of ancient China, and read about China's first civilizations.
Ancient China had a hierarchical social structure led by kings and powerful leaders. Farmers made up the largest social class but had little land and wealth. People lived simply in mud brick homes. Wealthier Chinese had larger homes and slaves. Staple foods included rice and tea. Marriage was arranged and women had few rights. Education was largely only for wealthy boys. Ancient Chinese believed in many gods and also honored ancestors. Clothing generally consisted of simple tunics and robes. Art, music and festivals were important cultural aspects.
Ancient China lasted over 5,000 years and was one of the longest civilizations. It influenced modern society through important architectural achievements like the Great Wall, food traditions that varied by social class, and influential inventions such as paper, printing, gunpowder, and the compass. Chinese society was also highly structured along social hierarchies with different expectations for roles based on gender, wealth, and occupation.
In ancient China, society was strictly structured around family roles, with the father in charge and different expectations for men and women. People's social status determined factors like their jobs, education, and clothing. The wealthy wore silk while commoners wore cheaper fabrics. Food varied regionally but included rice, millet, vegetables, meat, eggs, and tea. Ancient Chinese inventions that still impact modern society include gunpowder, paper, printing, and the compass.
Ancient China had a long history, with records dating back over 5,000 years. China first unified in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang. The geography was defined by major rivers like the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. Society was stratified, with nobles living separate from farmers. Confucianism emphasized relationships and social order. The economy relied on agriculture along the rivers and international trade developed along the Silk Road by the 2nd century BC. Many important inventions like paper, printing, and the compass originated in ancient China.
Ancient China developed a unique culture due to its isolated geography along major river valleys and surrounded by natural barriers like mountains and deserts. The geography influenced the development of political and social structures, including the philosophy of the Mandate of Heaven and the emphasis on filial piety. Major religious and philosophical traditions that emerged in China and gained popularity included Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, and Legalism. The Great Wall of China was constructed starting in the 3rd century BCE and reconstructed during the Ming Dynasty to protect against nomadic tribes from the north.
The Shang Dynasty lasted from around 1600 BC to 1046 BC in ancient China. It followed the Xia Dynasty and introduced many advances. The Shang established a feudal system ruled by a king with nobles and slaves beneath him. They practiced agriculture, but also hunted and sacrificed humans. Writing, astronomy, and bronze-working advanced under the Shang. Society was patriarchal with arranged marriages and Confucian family structures. Religion centered on ancestor worship and nature gods like Shang Di. The wealthy lived in cities while commoners had mud-brick homes.
The Shang Dynasty ruled northern China from 1650-1027 BCE. They established the first Chinese civilization, centered around their walled capital of Anyang. Society was divided between an upper class of kings, nobles, and artisans who lived in large houses, and common farmers who lived in small villages. The Shang developed writing, fine pottery, advanced bronze metalworking, and silk production. They practiced human sacrifice in elaborate tombs for kings and believed in an afterlife. The Shang king acted as a priest and communicated with ancestors and gods. Their culture was based on concepts of yin and yang duality and the five elements of nature. The Shang were eventually defeated by the neighboring Zhou kingdom.
The Huns were a nomadic group that originated in Central Asia and expanded into Europe in the 4th century AD. They were led by powerful rulers like Attila the Hun, who took control in 434 and conquered much of Eastern Europe. The Huns lived a nomadic lifestyle in portable structures called yurts and focused on warfare. When Attila died, the Hunnic Empire collapsed as various subject peoples revolted. Remaining Huns were assimilated into the populations of Europe.
This document discusses aspects of traditional African tribal culture and society, including:
- Tribes were defined by their language, clothing, religion, behaviors and traditions.
- Communities emphasized the good of the group over individuals and deep loyalty to the tribe.
- Chiefs and kings governed tribal villages but had closer relationships with people than in other cultures.
- Family and lineage groups traced descent and provided a sense of identity.
- Roles of women, though subordinate, traced lineage through mothers.
- Boys and girls received separate educations to fulfill gender roles.
- Traditional African religions involved belief in spirits and ancestors, with diviners as mediators.
The document provides an overview of many aspects of life during the Han Dynasty in China, which lasted from 206 BCE to 220 CE. It discusses the political structure led by emperors, the social classes including peasants and wealthy landowners, daily activities like housing, childbirth, education, religion, art, music, and festivals. Technology and culture flourished during this period of Chinese history.
Ancient China was first unified in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang. The geography was defined by the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers where most people settled, as well as the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts and Himalayan Mountains. The economy was based on trading goods like silk, salt, and iron along the Silk Road. Society was stratified between wealthy nobles who lived in palaces and poor farmers who lived in huts. Women had few rights and were subject to practices like foot binding. Ancient Chinese practiced religions like Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism and believed in the concepts of yin and yang. China was ruled by dynasties led by different families until a new
Ancient China had a long history, with records dating back over 5,000 years to legendary rulers like the Five Emperors. China first unified in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang. The geography was defined by major rivers like the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. Ancient Chinese civilization was based around agriculture along the rivers, and traded goods like silk, salt, and iron. Confucianism became a major influence on society, which was hierarchical and emphasized proper relationships between people. Over time, the Chinese invented many technologies like paper, printing, and the compass that influenced other ancient cultures.
Ancient China developed many important inventions and philosophies. Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism were three major philosophies that emerged to bring order to society. The Silk Road connected China to Western civilizations through trade of goods like silk and porcelain. Powerful dynasties like the Shang and Zhou ruled China and established social hierarchies and the earliest written Chinese language. The Great Wall of China was first constructed over 2,000 years ago and later rebuilt to defend against invaders.
The Qin dynasty ruled China from 221 BC to 206 BC. It was the first dynasty to unify China under an centralized imperial system. Some key aspects summarized include:
- The Qin dynasty unified China after 500 years of separation and established the first centralized government with the country divided into 36 commanderies.
- Significant construction projects were undertaken including the Great Wall, terra cotta soldiers and the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang to protect the empire and serve as burial artifacts.
- Society was strictly stratified and controlled with peasants, artisans and scholars at the bottom. Education was limited mostly to boys from wealthy families.
- Agriculture formed the economic base with millet and rice as
1. West Africa's isolation from global trade routes ended in the 700s CE with the rise of trans-Saharan trade between West Africa and the Islamic world. Arab traders established routes across the Sahara Desert, exchanging salt and finished goods from North Africa for gold, ivory, and slaves from West African kingdoms.
2. The spread of Islam and cultural diffusion that accompanied trans-Saharan trade led to the rise of powerful empires in West Africa like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai along the Niger River. These kingdoms adopted many cultural and political aspects of Islamic civilization, including literacy, architecture, and forms of governance.
3. At its peak between 1250-1460,
Portugal and Spain first rose to economic prominence through worldwide trading activity starting in the 15th century. They were motivated by spreading Christianity ("God"), gaining fame and wealth ("glory and gold"). Portugal's Prince Henry the Navigator established a navigation school and sponsored voyages down the west African coast. Bartolomeu Dias was the first to sail around the Cape of Good Hope in 1487. Vasco da Gama reached India in 1498, establishing Portugal as a colonial power. Spain sponsored Columbus' voyages westward beginning in 1492, leading to Spanish conquests of the Aztec and Inca empires and colonization of the Americas. This established Spain and Portugal as the first global colonial empires, controlling
The document summarizes aspects of daily life during China's Han Dynasty which lasted from 206 BC to 220 AD. It describes the social hierarchy with the emperor at the top and peasants, artisans, and merchants below. Housing, food, family structure, education, religion, clothing, arts, music, and festivals are discussed for both the wealthy and poor classes. The Han Dynasty is presented as a period of growth and cultural development in Chinese history.
Ancient China had a long history and distinct culture that developed over thousands of years. Several quotes highlight how the Chinese valued learning from history for governance. China was ruled by a succession of dynasties, each claiming a mandate from heaven to bring order and infrastructure but often losing power due to issues like taxes or disasters. The dynastic cycle of rise and fall repeated over time. Ancient China developed river valley civilizations and saw transitions as people shifted from hunter-gathering to herding and farming lifestyles.
The document provides information about early river valley civilizations in China that developed along the Huang He (Yellow River) beginning around 4000 BC. It discusses the geography of China, including natural barriers like mountains and deserts that protected settlements along the river but also isolated Chinese civilization. The Yellow River was important for developing fertile soil but also caused unpredictable flooding. Early Chinese civilization established systems of writing, government, agriculture, and social hierarchies. Religions like Daoism, Confucianism, and later Buddhism became influential. The Chinese achieved advancements in areas like paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, and porcelain. Eventually China adopted a policy of isolationism to protect its culture from foreign influence.
The Han Dynasty ruled China from 206 BC to 220 AD. It followed the Qin Dynasty and was a period of economic prosperity and territorial expansion. The Han emperors established a strong central government and bureaucracy. Society was organized into social classes, including scholars, peasants, artisans, and merchants. Families, Confucian values, and ancestor worship were important cultural aspects of Han Dynasty China.
The document provides information about various aspects of life in Ancient Greece. It discusses the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, as well as the Dark Ages and rise of Classical Greece between 800 BC to 400 BC. It also summarizes social structures, roles of men and women, family life events like marriage and childbirth, as well as differences between the lives of the wealthy and poor.
This document provides reading assignments and instructions for students on the geography of ancient China. It discusses how China's physical geography, including mountains, deserts, and climate, influenced the development of early Chinese civilization. It isolated China from outside contact for thousands of years until the Han Empire opened trade routes like the Silk Road. Students are asked to answer geography questions, label a map of ancient China, and read about China's first civilizations.
Ancient Japan can be divided into periods defined by the reign of each emperor. Key aspects of ancient Japanese culture included the Shinto and Buddhist religions, the social hierarchy led by emperors and warriors, and architectural styles like pit dwellings. Diet was centered around rice and seafood. Childhood differed based on social class, with education reserved for wealthy boys. Festivals celebrated events like the cherry blossom season. Art forms included origami, music genres, and the bonsai tree tradition.
The document instructs students to read about Greek gods and goddesses in their textbook, answer understanding charts questions in their notebook in complete sentences, and provides definitions for vocabulary words like bankruptcy, socialist, and parliament. It also lists comprehension questions about Greek political leaders working to prevent bankruptcy through compromise and loans from other countries.
The document provides instructions for students to:
1) Read about Greek mythology and gods/goddesses in their textbook.
2) Answer understanding questions about charts in their notebook in complete sentences.
3) Complete various assignments related to Greek culture, including defining vocabulary, discussing a text, comparing art/theater to religion, and writing a rap about Greek culture.
The document discusses the origins of Rome and how its geography helped it prosper. It notes that Rome was located midway down the Italian peninsula on the Tiber River, which was a good defensive location and situated Rome on a key trade route between the Apennine Mountains and the sea. The document also describes how the Italian peninsula's central Mediterranean location aided Roman control of regional trade.
1) The document summarizes the life and legacy of Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor who unified China in 221 BC and founded the Qin Dynasty.
2) As emperor, Qin Shi Huang standardized coinage, measurements, and Chinese characters to help unify the empire under a centralized government. He also began construction of the Great Wall and the Terracotta Army.
3) Qin Shi Huang was buried in an elaborate mausoleum surrounded by the Terracotta Army, with replicas of palaces, rivers, and other features to protect him in the afterlife. The site remains one of China's most visited archaeological finds.
Ancient China experienced several important dynasties between 5,000-200 BC. The Xia Dynasty is believed to have been the first, founded by Yu the Great to control flooding of the Yellow River. The next major dynasty was the Shang Dynasty, the first for which there is both archaeological and documentary evidence. Two important developments during the Shang were the earliest forms of Chinese writing and the beginning of bronze metalworking. The Zhou Dynasty overthrew the Shang in 1046 BC and saw further developments including the spread of ironworking, new agricultural technologies, and the philosophy of Confucianism. During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, China fragmented into many warring states and new philosophies like
China’s search for political and social orderMelissaAW
During the Period of the Warring States in China from 403-221 BCE, people sought social and political order amidst chaos. Some withdrew from society while others explored philosophical systems. The main systems were Confucianism which emphasized morality and leading by example, Daoism focused on nature and inaction, and Legalism prioritized government control through law. Legalism eventually helped the Qin state conquer the others and unify China through authoritarian rule.
A disease is defined as any change that interferes with normal body functioning. The Germ Theory of Disease states that infectious diseases are caused by specific infectious agents like viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Koch's postulates provide a method to determine if a specific pathogen causes a particular disease by finding the microorganism in diseased subjects but not healthy ones, being able to isolate and grow it in culture, and using the cultured version to reproduce the disease in a healthy subject. Diseases can spread through direct or indirect contact, fecal-oral transmission, airborne droplets, or vectors. The body defends against disease through non-specific and specific immune responses.
Ancient China Communities
The document discusses life in ancient Chinese communities from different time periods such as the Xia Dynasty and Shang Dynasty. Emperors led the country and were highly respected like gods. People had different jobs ranging from farmers to emperors and cooperation was important for communities to function. Sports, crafts, and technology developed over time as ancient China grew richer and stronger by winning wars against neighboring countries and villages.
This document provides a template for a grid to compare different modes of transportation in Canada, including dogsled, canoe, wagon, railway, bike, automobile, BC Ferry, and airplane. The grid asks the learner to fill in details about each mode such as the date it was first used in Canada, how and where it was used, the benefits to people, and how it is used now.
1) Ancient China saw the rise and fall of many dynasties over thousands of years, including the Shang Dynasty around 2000 BC and the Zhou Dynasty, as well as the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.
2) Early Chinese religions included ancestral worship, where families worshipped their deceased ancestors to seek their help or avoid punishment, as well as the worship of nature gods. Divination methods including oracle bones were also used.
3) Philosophies like Taoism which sought balance with nature, and Confucianism which emphasized social order, emerged around 600 BC. Buddhism was also introduced around 500 AD.
4) Traditional Chinese culture included practices like foot binding and distinct styles of
The Zhou dynasty was founded in 1076 BC after overthrowing the Shang dynasty. It introduced the concept of the Mandate of Heaven to justify the ruler's power. Politically, it established a feudal system with the king at the top ruling through relatives in different regions, weakening central authority over time. Socially, it was divided into classes of nobles, peasants, and slaves. The Eastern Zhou period saw the rise of regional lords and periods of warfare between states seeking dominance. This eventually led to the Warring States period where seven major powers fought for control until the Qin state unified China in 221 BC, ending the long period of conflict.
The Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties were three early dynasties in Chinese history. The Zhou dynasty established feudalism and saw technological advances like iron and silk production. It declined due to warring states fighting for power. The Qin dynasty united China under a centralized government with the first emperor, Qin Shihuangdi, who standardized laws and measurement. Notable constructions included the Great Wall and terracotta army. The Han dynasty expanded the empire through trade along the Silk Road and established a civil service system, but declined after the death of the emperor Wudi.
This Chinese proverb outlines a philosophy that righteousness, beauty, harmony, order, and peace are interconnected. It states that if individuals cultivate righteousness in their hearts, it will lead to beauty in character, harmony in the home, order in the nation, and ultimately peace in the world.
The Shang Dynasty was China's first literate civilization and ruled from around 1600-1046 BCE. They developed advanced bronze-working, bureaucracy, and rammed earth walls. The Shang heartland was along the Yellow River and traditionally dates from 1766 BCE when it was founded by Cheng Tang until its defeat by the Zhou at the Battle of Muye in 1045 BCE. The Shang made significant cultural contributions such as developing writing, bronze-working, and leaving behind oracle bones used for divination.
Chinese Science and Technology Achievementsdickgevans
This document summarizes key scientific and technological achievements throughout Chinese history from 7000 BC to the early 20th century. It notes discoveries in astronomy, mathematics, medicine, and technology developed through observation and experimentation. These included inventions like the compass, gunpowder, papermaking, printing, agricultural tools, water wheels, matches, and advances in mathematics, astronomy, and scientific theories. The document also discusses Joseph Needham's work highlighting these achievements and the "Needham Question" on why scientific revolution occurred in Europe but not China.
The Huang Ho Valley civilization in northern China developed around 2000 BC. Led by the mythical ruler Yu the Great, they drained the land and founded the Xia kingdom, uniting northern China. By 1800 BC, isolated villages and farms had developed in the Huang Ho Valley, using the river for trade. The first records of Chinese civilization come from the Shang Dynasty, which came to power in 1766 BC and built the first Chinese cities. The Shang worshipped spirits and ancestors and were ruled by a king who received power from spirits and wisdom from ancestors. Religious and government authority were intertwined.
The spread of civilization in east and southeastAaron Carn
The document discusses the history of ancient civilizations in East and Southeast Asia, including:
1) Ancient China was ruled by a series of dynasties over thousands of years, the last ending in 1911. Confucius advocated for social harmony and respect for traditions.
2) Genghis Khan united the Mongol tribes and built a vast empire through conquest. The Mongols invaded and conquered China, establishing the Yuan dynasty.
3) Under Kublai Khan, the Mongol Empire reached its peak and facilitated trade along the Silk Road. However, Chinese resentment grew against foreign Mongol rule.
The document summarizes the spread of civilizations in East Asia from 500 AD to 1603 AD. It describes two golden ages of China - the Tang Dynasty from 618-907 AD which united China and the Song Dynasty from 960-1279 AD which was also a period of economic and cultural prosperity. It then discusses the Mongol Yuan Dynasty which conquered China in the 13th century and the Ming Dynasty which overthrew the Mongols in the 14th century and restored Han Chinese rule. The summary briefly touches on developments in Korea and the emergence of civilization in Japan which was influenced by cultural borrowing from China and Korea.
Ancient Greece was a civilization that lasted from the 8th to 6th centuries BC to the 600s AD. Society was stratified, with upper, middle, and lower classes. Men were citizens and held public roles, while women were confined to domestic life. Marriage was usually arranged, and divorce was possible. Families were patriarchal, with husbands and fathers in authority. Children were raised communally in Sparta but by mothers in Athens. Education differed by gender and class. The arts, including architecture, sculpture, and music flourished. Religion centered on the Olympian gods and their myths. Festivals honored the gods through processions, sacrifices, and competitions. Upon death, souls went to Hades and bodies received fun
Three key philosophies emerged in ancient China to promote stability:
1. Confucianism taught ethics and morality, emphasizing respect for authority and tradition.
2. Daoism focused on living in harmony with nature and minimizing interference.
3. Legalism advocated a system of harsh laws and punishments to maintain order.
Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, unified the country through conquest and implemented reforms based on Legalism, including standardization of currency, script, and measurements. He also initiated construction of the Great Wall to defend against invaders. However, his harsh rule led to a backlash and overthrow of the Qin dynasty after his death.
Ancient China was geographically isolated by natural barriers like deserts, mountains, and large bodies of water. This isolation influenced China's development, posing environmental challenges and limiting outside invasions. Early dynasties like the Xia and Shang emerged around 2000 BC and 1700 BC respectively, implementing irrigation projects and building walled cities for protection and governance. Chinese culture was centered around the family, with a social hierarchy divided between nobles and peasants. Religion involved ancestor worship and consulting gods through oracle bones. Writing also developed but had many symbols, limiting literacy.
MEDIEVAL CHINA The West & The World Key Enviro.docxARIV4
MEDIEVAL CHINA
The West & The World
Key Environmental Features
o Like India, China enjoyed a relative geographical isolation
which allowed it to develop a very distinctive culture.
Physical barriers separated China from the rest of the Asian
continent:
• SW: Himalayan Mts.
• W: Taklimakan (Takla Makan) Desert
• N: Gobi Desert and Mongolian Plateau
E & SE: the Pacific Ocean in east and southeast.
This led to:
• remarkable level of cultural continuity.
• a conscious effort of new ruling dynasties to conform to
past cultural traditions & to Sinicize all conquered
people.
• the belief in Chinese cultural superiority (rest of the
world was made up of “barbarians”).
Key Environmental Features, ct’d
o Central area is the cradle of Chinese civilization.
Earliest settlements developed in agricultural-friendly areas.
• Fertile plains and river valleys:
Yellow River (Huang Ho), also called “river of sorrows” –
flooded frequently and in unpredictable patterns; its
waters carried a fine yellow soil (the loess), very fertile
and easy to work.
Yangtze River, the longest in Asia and third largest in
the world.
Pearl River in the south.
• In modern times, the Manchurian plain in the N also
became part of China.
Main staples:
• wheat and millet in center and north
• rice in the south
Key Environmental Features, ct’d
o Other natural resources:
12 % of world’s mineral resources: iron, tin, copper, lead, zinc,
aluminum, etc.
Energy resources: coal, oil, natural gas
Gemstones: amber, amethyst, jade, opal, ruby, sapphire, topaz
Forests
Including medicinal and precious woods such as gingko
tress, golden larch, red sandalwood, lacquer tree
Largest areas of grassland in the world (N and W)
Tea (SW and N)
• China is the world’s first exporter of tea
Silk-worms
o Major premodern Chinese exports:
Silk - developed ca. 6500 y.a.; one of the most sought-after
products in premodern era.
Lacquered furniture – developed ca 3000 y.a.
Porcelain – developed ca. 2000 y.a.
Main Historical Developments
o Zhou Dynasty (1122-221 B.C.): Golden Age of China
A mythical time of great prosperity and excellent government.
• Rulers associated with this dynasty were considered great
sages (i.e. exemplars of wisdom).
Religious beliefs: polytheistic.
• The gods and the spirits of the ancestors were in control of
humans’ well-being.
To avoid misery and hardships, people had to keep these
celestial beings happy (through daily prayers and sacrifices).
• The spirits of the ancestors could act as mediators between
mortals and the gods. To do so in a positive way, ancestors had
to be honored daily through offerings of food, prayers and pious
reference to their memory.
A good, easy life was a sign of happy ancestors.
Misfortunes were signs of displeased ancestors.
Ancestor Worship: At Home
...
1) The document provides an overview of life during the Middle Ages in Europe under the feudal system. Peasants lived and worked on manors, while towns offered more freedom but were overcrowded.
2) Events like the Black Death and Hundred Years War weakened the feudal system by reducing populations and increasing taxes. This led peasants to gain more freedom and a market economy to emerge.
3) Attitudes were changing with the growth of towns and trade, as people grew less devoted to religion and more interested in worldly matters. This set the stage for the Renaissance.
The Han Dynasty ruled China from 206 BC to 220 AD and had a strong centralized government and prosperous economy. Society was hierarchical with the emperor at the top, followed by nobles, farmers, and merchants. Families were patriarchal and most marriages were arranged. Art, technology, and culture flourished during this period.
The document provides an overview of East Asian civilizations from 200-1400 CE. It discusses the Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties in China and how they brought periods of stability between chaos. The Mongols successfully invaded China in 1279 and established the Yuan dynasty. Chinese society advanced economically during this time period through developments like the Grand Canal and paper currency. Buddhism spread throughout East Asia and split into the Theravada and Mahayana schools. Life in early Japan centered around agriculture, trade, and religious practices like Shintoism. Geographic isolation influenced Japan's unique cultural development. Southeast Asian states varied between agricultural and trading societies, with women generally having greater rights than in China and India.
The Zhou Dynasty ruled China from 1076 to 221 BC and introduced the Mandate of Heaven, which justified a ruler's right to rule based on virtue. The dynasty declined into the Period of the Warring States as regional states fought for power. New iron tools increased farming productivity but conflicts led to neglect of agriculture and famines. Philosophies like Confucianism, Taoism, and Legalism emerged seeking to restore order.
Juan de Plasencia was a 16th century Spanish Franciscan friar who spent much of his life as a missionary in the Philippines. He wrote several important works that were among the first published in the Philippines, including the Customs of the Tagalogs. He came with the first group of Franciscan missionaries and helped promote the Spanish and local languages to facilitate spreading Christianity. He died in 1590 in Laguna. His works provided important information about pre-colonial Philippine society, politics, religion, economic life, and culture.
The document discusses several topics related to early African civilizations and societies, including:
- Traditional stories on human origin from different Kenyan communities like the Kikuyu, Bukusu, Maasai, Akamba, and Nandi.
- Factors that led to the growth of ancient civilizations in Egypt, Great Zimbabwe, and the Kingdom of Kongo.
- Slavery and servitude practices in some African communities.
- Social injustices committed during the 15th century Indian Ocean slave trade.
- The social-economic organization of the Ogiek community in Kenya up until 1900.
This document summarizes life for African Americans in the antebellum South. It describes the plantation system and the social codes that governed southern gentlemen and ladies. It then discusses the harsh conditions slaves faced, including living arrangements, treatment by overseers, slave codes, and the separation of families. The document also covers aspects of slave culture such as churches, leisure activities, and rebellions against the institution of slavery. Key resistance efforts mentioned include the Stono Rebellion, Gabriel's Rebellion, and abolitionist writings that spoke out against the injustice of slavery.
Chinese Civilisation XIA DYNASTY
SHANG DYNASTY
ZHOU/CHOU DYNASTY
QIN DYNASTY
HAN DYNASTY
SUI DYNASTY
TANG DYNASTY
SONG DYNASTY
YUAN DYNASTY
MING DYNASTY
CHING/ QING DYNASTY
XIA DYNASTY
SHANG DYNASTY
ZHOU/CHOU DYNASTY
QIN DYNASTY
HAN DYNASTY
SUI DYNASTY
TANG DYNASTY
SONG DYNASTY
YUAN DYNASTY
MING DYNASTY
CHING/ QING DYNASTY
China is one of the world's four ancient civilizations, and the written history of China dates back to the Shang Dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC), over 3,000 years ago.
| Zhou Dynasty- Mandate of Heaven, Ritual complex at Feng Chu (brief), Wangcheng, an ideal city (brief) | Qin Dynasty- Tomb of first emperors (brief) | Han Dynasty - Mingtang- Biyong ritual complex (brief) | Great Wall of China (detail)
The civilization that began along China's river systems 3,500 years ago continues today due to China's relative geographic isolation. China's two longest rivers, the Yellow River and Yangtze River, flow through mountainous and desert terrain, isolating early settlers and allowing civilization to develop independently. Throughout China's history, dynasties such as the Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han expanded China's political boundaries while maintaining a central civilization, with people outside viewed as barbarians. Confucianism became the dominant ideology promoting family, respect for elders, and social hierarchy. China made numerous innovations in technology, science, and the arts.
The civilization that began along China's river systems 3,500 years ago continues today due to China's relative geographic isolation. China's geography, with natural barriers like long rivers and mountain ranges occupying much of its land, isolated early Chinese settlers who had to become self-sufficient rather than trade. Throughout China's history, dynasties like the Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han expanded its political boundaries and centralized government while Chinese culture remained the dominant influence. Confucianism became the dominant ideology and family was the central social institution in Chinese society.
The civilization that began along China's river systems 3,500 years ago continues today due to China's relative geographic isolation. China's geography, with natural barriers like mountain ranges and long rivers, isolated it from other civilizations, causing early settlers to develop self-sufficient goods rather than trade. Throughout China's history, dynasties like the Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han expanded its political boundaries and advanced Chinese culture, establishing a Confucian social philosophy emphasizing family duties that still influences Chinese society. China saw itself as the center of civilization amid surrounding "barbarians."
The civilization that began along China's river systems 3,500 years ago continues today due to China's relative geographic isolation. China's two longest rivers, the Yellow River and Yangtze River, flow through mountainous and desert terrain, isolating early settlers and allowing civilization to develop independently. Throughout China's history, dynasties such as the Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han expanded China's political boundaries while maintaining a central civilization, with people outside viewed as barbarians. Confucianism became the dominant ideology promoting family, respect for elders, and social hierarchy. China made numerous innovations in technology, science, and the arts.
Daily Life in Ancient Greece was divided into many periods and consisted of complex social structures. Citizens had rights not afforded to women, foreigners, or slaves. Family life was patriarchal and centered around the oikos or household. Children were raised communally in Sparta but had more schooling in Athens. Religion heavily influenced all aspects of life and the Greeks believed in many gods and held various festivals in their honor.
Farming originated around 8000 BCE in the Fertile Crescent region. The first crops farmed were cereal grains like wheat and barley, as well as pulses and the bottle gourd vegetable. Sheep and goats were among the earliest domesticated animals, as they meet the criteria of being able to be bred and kept in captivity without being aggressive or panicking.
Farming is believed to have originated around 10,000 years ago in East Africa and the Middle East by First Nations peoples at the end of the Ice Age, according to scientists. The first crops grown were likely wheat and barley, as their seeds are commonly found from that era. Dogs were possibly the first domesticated animals, kept as pets starting 13,000-30,000 years ago, while sheep, goats, cattle and pigs were domesticated for food around 9000-7000 BC.
Farming originated around 10,000 BC in an area known as the Fertile Crescent. People in this region began deliberately planting seeds from local grasses and grains that they gathered, such as barley and wheat, aided by favorable climate conditions. One of the earliest farming settlements was Catalhoyuk in present-day Turkey. Farming then spread to other parts of the world and involved domesticating animals like goats, sheep and pigs to provide food, fiber and labor. Over time, humans cultivated a wider variety of crops and domesticated additional animals, advancing early agriculture.
The first farming occurred around 10,000 years ago in areas like China, the fertile crescents of India, Egypt, and Western Asia. The earliest crops grown were wheat, barley, and peas, though the specific crops depended on location. Squash was also grown around this time. The first domesticated animals were dogs, which were used for hunting and protection of human tribes. Dogs evolved from wolves and today there are over 200 purebred dog species.
The first farming occurred around 10,000 years ago in areas like China, the fertile crescents of India, Egypt, and Western Asia. The earliest crops grown were wheat, barley, and peas, though the specific crops depended on location. Squash was also grown around this time. The first domesticated animals were dogs, which were used for hunting and protection of tribes. Dogs evolved from wolves and today there are over 200 purebred dog species.
Farming first emerged in Egypt around 9000 BC, with the domestication of dogs and cultivation of grains such as wheat. Early Egyptian farmers domesticated dogs and grew crops like grains.
This document provides an overview of ancient Chinese society during the Warring States period from 475 BC to 221 BC. It includes sections on the social structure, housing, family life, education, religion, art, music and festivals of the time. The wealthy lived in large houses with servants while common people lived in simple mud homes. Boys could attend school but education was mostly limited to the rich. Families valued sons over daughters. Marriage was arranged by parents. Art forms included music, calligraphy, and painting with ink. The mid-autumn festival involved eating mooncakes and admiring the moon.
This document provides an overview of ancient Chinese society during the Warring States period from 475 BC to 221 BC. It includes sections on the social structure, housing, family life, education, religion, art, music and festivals of the time. The wealthy lived in large houses with servants while common people were charged by the emperor. Boys could attend school but girls were expected to help with household duties. Marriage was arranged by parents and Buddhism was just being introduced. The arts flourished with music, painting, embroidery and moon cake festivals.
The Han dynasty ruled China from 206 BC to 220 AD. It expanded China's territory and unified the culture. The Han dynasty is known for establishing the Silk Road for trade between China and Rome. Archaeologists have also learned about Han dynasty life by artifacts like small clay models of homes and belongings buried with the dead. The social structure remained largely the same as previous dynasties with the emperor at the top and peasants at the bottom. Wealthy Han residents built large homes and decorated their family tombs with stone lions.
The Vikings originated from Norway, Sweden and Denmark between the 8th and 11th centuries. They were known for their naval skills and raids across Europe. The document provides details about Viking society, including their social classes, homes, food, family life, religion and gods. It also describes Viking art, music, holidays and clothing. Overall, the Vikings established settlements throughout Northern Europe and had a significant impact on medieval history.
Ancient Greece developed around 6000 BC when people settled in villages and began farming. Around 2000 BC, invaders from West Asia introduced bronze, the potter's wheel, and the Greek language. Common people in ancient Greece lived with their families in simple stone or wood houses with a courtyard, while wealthy homes had multiple rooms. Marriage was usually arranged, and women married young and focused on domestic duties. Children received some education, with boys learning academics and girls learning domestic skills. Ancient Greek culture included art, theatre, music and worship of the Olympian gods led by Zeus.
The document provides a bibliography of websites about various topics relating to ancient Egypt, including maps, social structure, housing, food, family life, marriage, childhood, education, religion, clothing, art, music, and conclusions. The bibliography contains 17 sources with URLs about these topics of ancient Egypt.
The document provides information on various aspects of life in Ancient Greece such as social structure, housing, food, childhood, and clothing. It describes the social hierarchy, with free men who owned land at the top and slaves at the bottom. Houses were typically made of stone or clay, with separate living areas for men and women. The Greeks ate a diet centered around seafood, cheese, olives, and drank wine. Childhood was difficult, with high infant mortality and many children raised as slaves. Clothing was minimal for men but women covered more of their bodies. The document includes pictures and websites used as sources.
This document summarizes the life of a young woman named Giovanna who lives in ancient Greece. It describes her civilization, social structure, home life, diet, family roles, and marriage customs. The civilization started around the 8th-6th century BC and the oracle has warned of an impending battle with the Romans. Giovanna draws pictures to document her daily life, including her simple two-room home, meals consisting of wheat, olive oil, fish and wine, and the traditional roles of women to help with chores and raise families. Marriage was arranged by families, with the bride moving to her husband's home after a ceremony involving a chariot ride and symbolic fruit eating.
The ancient Egyptians had a stratified social structure with the pharaoh at the top as a god-king. After the pharaoh came nobles, priests, soldiers, and scribes, followed by merchants, artists, farmers, and slaves at the bottom. Children helped with chores and some boys attended school to learn reading, writing, and arithmetic. Religion was very important in ancient Egypt and centered around many gods with the pharaoh seen as representing Horus.
This document provides background information on daily life in Ancient Greece. It describes the various time periods of Ancient Greek civilization from 800 BC to 146 BC. It then covers several aspects of Greek society including social structure, housing, food, family life, marriage, childbirth, childhood, education, religion, and clothing. Key points include the division of Greek society into citizens and slaves, the roles of men and women, education being limited to boys, and the dominant religion being Greek mythology centered around 12 main gods.
The ancient Egyptians had a stratified social structure with the pharaoh at the top as a god-king. After the pharaoh came nobles, priests, soldiers, and scribes, followed by merchants, artists, farmers, and slaves at the bottom. Children helped with chores and some boys attended school to learn reading, writing, and arithmetic. Religion was very important in ancient Egypt and centered around many gods with the pharaoh seen as representing Horus.
The document provides information about the Vikings from the 8th to 11th centuries. It describes how the Vikings originated from Scandinavia and gradually migrated to places like England and Scotland, settling in some areas but also raiding regions of Northern Europe. The summary discusses the Vikings' social hierarchy, with nobles at the top and slaves at the bottom. It also outlines aspects of daily Viking life like their housing structures, diet, family and gender roles, marriage customs, education system which emphasized practical skills, pagan religious beliefs and artistic traditions.
Ancient Greek daily life was divided into different social classes and occupations. Men were citizens who participated in politics and warfare while holding power over the family. Women managed the household. Children assisted parents or attended school. People lived in simple homes and ate foods like bread, grapes, and fish. Religion centered around worship of 12 major gods like Zeus. Festivals and art including theatre, music, and dance were important parts of Greek culture.
1. THE WARRING STATE PERIOD IN THE
HISTORY OF ANCIENT CHINA
By Timothy and Tommy X.
2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Map of the Warring State Period
• Social Structure
• Housing
• Food
• Family life
• Marriage
• Childhood
• Comparisons about childhood in Canada
• Education
• Religion
• Common god
• Clothing
• Art, Music
• Festivals
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
3. INTRODUCTION
• The Warring State period is one of the warring period through out the history of
Ancient China. During this period, the official empire is the empire of East Zhou
but he was actually powerless to do anything. 7 states, the Qin, Zhao, Wei, Han,
Yan, Qi, and Chu are also known as the survivors of the Spring and Autumn
period. People, as in farmers, workers’ life was very harsh and difficult. Young
man were often forced to join the army and women at that time didn’t have any
power in politics, housing, and anything about making decisions.
• The technology of refining iron were very prospered and tools were made in a
more complex and useful way. This led to great changes in the history of China.
• During this period, there is one City-State who is in the West and reunited China:
the Qin. The king, Ying Zheng is only 13 when he become the king of Qin and
reunite Ancient China when he’s 39 years old.
Yellow River
4. This is a map of ancient
China in the period of the
Warring States Period.
This period lasted from
475-221 B.C.
5. SOCIAL STRUCTURE
• During this period, it’s a period of changes in tools, economic trade,
and social structure
• The structure from the Spring and Autumn period (King, Ministers,
Nobles, and other officials have most of the power) doesn’t apply to
the Warring State period anymore because every city states wanted
to solicit people who are talented and the ones who can help them
become the overlord of all City-State.
• Education is more common to citizens and people became to have
Confucius (Confucianism) their own land and farm instead of the Feudalism from West Zhou.
• The boundaries between nobles and citizens started to break
through.
• Also, the well-field system were replaced by private-land system
which means that people can buy and sell land as they wanted.
• Civilians can get rich by doing business or other ways to get rich and
they can even become a politician ( The hereditary system no more
apply in the Warring-States Period)
• Bureaucracy has changed
King of Wei, Hue
6. HOUSING
• At that time, the main structure of a family’s house would be wood,
mud brick, and imbrex or straw for the roof. Usually, for a family that
owns land and has a farm, they most likely live in a house about
2000-2050 square feet. During the warring state period, people’s
houses were simple and easy to construct due to the on-going wars
around them.
• Windows and doors were made out of wood, too, but windows back
then didn’t have glass or sliding doors. They were mostly openings to
town view in the city state of Chu
outside and there will be partitions, mostly squares made out of sticks
depending on the size of the window.
• At that time, houses became for common for citizens to own and
nobles became to live like normal citizens. This change led to the
growth of population the houses became more titter together.
• Also, some houses are constructed as manufacture factories for
ceramics, bronze product and iron product.
Most of the people would live in a
• Also, there are shed houses for horses, cows, ducks…. Et house like this
7. HOW THE WEALTHY LIVED
• During that time, a wealthy family would e nobles, ministers, army general/commander,
and rich business men. They can buy their land with money, or their land may be
rewarded by the King if you’ve done something extraordinary.
• The wealthy would most live in a big house with all different kinds of rooms. It includes,
main hall for greeting guests, at least 3 bedrooms, 1 studying room (mostly for the father)
bathroom, barn/woodshed, and kitchen…
• Houses that the wealthy live in have paintings on the wall unlike the normal citizens. The
paintings are beautiful with flowers, nature, and other things.
• During the Warring States period, not all city states abolished the well-field system so
landlords and wealthy people may still own large amount of fields and land. (The well-field
system is not completely abolished until Qin reunited China)
8. FOOD
• Wheat, millet, and beans are the main crop and food people eat in the Warring Wheat
States period. Those crops in the Yellow river basin and the Yangtze river basin
are very common and are cheat to buy.
• Dog is one of the earliest domestic animals human had. During this period, dog
has 3 main use to people: guard gods, hunting dogs, and food. Dog meat are
only for rich people only because it’s more expensive and dogs are commonly
used for sacrificial uses.
• Wild animals in the north (see map) are more populated and have more
species. Goat meat and beef were the common food for any family except rich
people have a higher percentage of eating meat than others.
• Growth of fruits and vegetables crossed a great step forward because of the
new technology: iron. This made farmers grow more and better crops and new Mountain goat
species are found and developed in the Warring States period.
9. FAMILY LIFE
• In the Warring States period, a family would include (most common family structure)
father, mother, a child(ren), grandfather and/or grandmother, and maybe a servant fields
from any circumstances.
• The father or grandfather would be the head of the family because Ancient China is a
patriarchy society.
• Most of the people in China thought families were very important. Children often also
lived with their grandparents, aunts and uncles, and their cousins. For richer people,
they may also live with servant or slaves
• People thought it’s really important to respect elders so the oldest male in the house
will be in charge of the family until they die.
farmer
• Men and women were treated very differently in many ways. For example, only boys
were allowed to go to school and girls had to stay at home to do chores and help out.
Only man can be involved with politics, business, and other things. Men had the right
to inherit the fortunes that their family have. Once a women is married, they are seen
as a part of the husband's family but they can still go back to their parents’ house for
visits.
• If your family wasn’t rich enough to afford paying field workers, teenagers and
adults had to go out and work in the fields during the days.
A girl weaving cloth
10. MARRIAGE
• Ever since ancient times, there has been a saying that the three
most delightful and important moments in your life is the
success in the imperial examination, marriage, and the birth of a
A modern wedding with son.
traditional ceremony
• From the last slide, we know that Ancient China is a patriarchy
society. When a men married a women, the bride would live in
the men’s house and become part of that family. This causes the
bride in the lowest position in the family besides slaves or
servant.
• During the marriage ceremony, the groom will go to the bride’s
house to greet her. Then, there will be a sedan chair carried by
The groom and the bride’s hamals and they’ll march around the town; the group of people
traditional costume would end up in the groom’s houses. This is the greeting
ceremony.
• The symbol: “囍” (xi) means joy, happiness, and love. This
symbol is the doubling word of word: “喜”. People double the
word together because they believe it will double the meaning;
then they’ll have double joy, happiness, and love.
11. CHILDHOOD
• People took good care of their children. They carried them all the
time, and gave the best food they possibly can. But if your family
wasn't rich, teenagers, strong man and/or women would have to work
in the fields or working for landlords from sunrise to sunset. In this
situation, lots of children would stay with their grandparents, uncle, If your family is rich, you would live in
aunt, or other older siblings. a house like this
• Children are considered to have the responsibility to continue the
family name (last name)
• They have to obey to what their parents told them to do and it’s really
important for them to respect elders.
• Only boys and rich people are allowed to go to school because the
ancient Chinese thought boys were more important than girls. Girls
would stay at home and help maintain the house.
If your family is poor, you would live in
• Boys in ancient time often live with their family even when they grow
a house like the one above
up and got married. On the other hand, when girls get married, they’ll
move to the groom’s house and do whatever she was told to do.
Once a girl is married, it means that their parents won’t see her for a
very long time. (In the Warring States period, people got married very
young, about 16-18 were considered the time to get married)
12. COMPARISON IN CHILDHOOD
戰國時代
Warring States Period Modern Canada
Most of the boys study at school and older teenagers All children have the right to be educated. There’s
studied for imperial exams. The imperial exam elementary school, highschool, and college or
determined whether you’ll be government officials. university. Other than school curriculum, there are
Girls wasn’t allowed to go to school during the period. many different programs such as basketball, soccer,
band….
If your family is really poor that they can’t afford to Child slavery is illegal in Canada and every child is
feed you, they might sell you to a landlord or have you protected under the children rights of UN.
work for landlords gain some money
The marriage was very important but the groom and In Canada, young people get close together and
the bride often met each other for the first time in the become boy and girlfriend to know each other. After
wedding ceremony. This is because the marriage was both people agree to get married, then they’ll arrange
arranged by the parents instead of themselves. the wedding ceremony.
Clothes that children wear are mostly made by their Kids mostly buy their clothes from stores with variety
mom, aunt, or servant. They didn’t have all sorts of of choices including color, fabric, style…et.
materials and styles but with uni-color or two and
similar style. (Rich people wears differently than
others)
13. EDUCATION
• Education played a big role in this period. As the government innovate its
policies, people had different views than before.
• Most of the children didn’t go to school because of variety of factors. But if
you were a boy, you will most likely to be sent off to school. Kids study very
hard at school; when your young, your goal was to memorize the books
people had written down before. If your old enough for the imperial exam,
you would study all day long trying to get enrolled to become a government
official. Painting of a school
• To make the exam fair, only the test mark counted, it didn’t matter who’s (1200AD)
your father, are you poor or rich, or were you a good at Kongfu.
• School usually started around 6:00am and end at 4:00pm and it was free to
go to school because the government paid for you.
• At school, students would learn how to read & write poems and essays. You
would learn painting skills and you would have to memorize every word of
the Confusion Philosophy.
• If you were smart enough, you would do a special test to enter a gift
program. For others, you may stay in the same class doing the same thing
every day for 6-7 years.
Confucius
14. RELIGION
• During the Warring States period, people mostly believe in spiritual worship
and praying in supernatural beings. This is because the can’t explain the
scientific appearance of nature things such as earthquakes, lightning,
drought…et. They thought that it was the ghost who was manipulating the
weather.
• Sacrificing played an important role in the religion. Sacrificing and prying god,
Oracle bone script ghost, and their ancestors were considered an important ceremony for Kings,
nobles, and government official because they thought by doing this, they’ll get
good luck and keep them in power.
• Since the Shang Dynasty, sorcerers had been using oracle shells to divine
and pray. This developed to the writing: oracle bone script.
• The belief of different gods led to the root of Taoism in the future. Taoism
believe in many different gods like Earth, ocean, wind, sun, and heroic people
,too.
Symbol for Taoism
• Confucianism is the philosophy developed by a famous scholar: Confucius.
His belief was the way people treat each other and how people should
behave. This theory settled a foundation for modern education in humanity.
15. COMMON GODS
• Jade Emperor: He is the ruler of the heaven and all
realms of existence including Man and hell. This
god comes from the Taoism mythology. His position
is like the Greek god Zeus who rules everything in
Ancient Greek religion.
• Taiqing: He is one of the 3 pure gods in Taoism. Jade Emperor
He’s also known as “Daode Tianzun“, meaning the
universally honoured one of Tao and virtues. After
the Spring and Autumn period, people believed that
the Taoism philosopher: Laozi became Taiqing when
he died. He is still one of the most important god to
modern people.
• Guanyin is one of the top 3 gods in Buddhism,
Guanyin Amitabha, Guanyin, and Mahasthamaprapta. In the
classic Buddhism say, Quanyin has great mercy and
is very generous;she’ll forgive you if you repend
yourself.
Taiqing
16. CLOTHING
Poor: Dragon embroideries on a silk robe
• Poor man wore baggy tough fiber trousers and a loose shirt. They sometimes
wore a wool lined coat for winter. Women wore basic lining dresses like the one
on the left. They often wear wool for winter and cotton for summer. Both men
and women wore shoes made out of woven straws and sometimes cotton fabric
shoes. Clothes that poor people wore are usually plain and dirty because of the
hard laboring. Because they have to work so hard just to feed their family, any
A women’s dress kind of luxury was out of question.
Rich:
• Silk was considered a luxury fabric and wore by rich people, King, ministers,
nobles… Man would wear silk robes with big sash around their waist and women
would wear robes that show their undershirt of a different colored silk. For shoes,
they wore slippers with wool linings and other soft fabrics. On their robe, there’s
usually colorful and beautiful embroideries like flowers, symbols such as dragon,
nature sceneries…et.
17. ART & MUSIC Bronze vase (278 BCE)
• In the warring state period. The bronze industry development is the A traditional “band”
most important one. In same time, the smelting of iron, lacquer
ware, pottery, were in the development, too. During this period,
most common art pieces such as pots, bowls were all hand made.
• In ancient Chinese paintings, people liked to draw themes about Painting of a
nature, animals, trees, mountains, flowers, water…et. There were mountain
different influence from India, and Western Asia. (City State of
Wei)
• During the Zhou Dynasty, Chinese artists also began to make all
kinds of lacquered boxes, and to paint landscapes and people on
silk cloth.
• In Hubei, Suizhou unearthed about 15000 art pieces including:
Bronze sacrificial utensils, clocks, weapons, lacquer, and wood, and
bamboo pieces.
• Musicians were seen much lower than painters, writers, and
philosopher although people believed that music was the
harmonization with god. Also, to determine whether music was
popular would be whether if the King liked the subject or not.
erhu
• There are categories of instrument: woodwind such as dizi,
percussion such as bell, bowed strings like erhu, and struck and
plucked strings like pipa
18. FESTIVALS
• The biggest celebration of the year is the New Year
celebration. It is often called Lunar Ne Year or
Chinese New Year. In ancient China, people used
the Lunar calendar usually 20-30 days later than our
calendar. Ex. 6/3 would be 5/2 in Lunar calendar.
• According to the myth, this tradition started with the Red lanterns on New Year Day
fight against a beast called Nian. It would come to
town on the first day of New Year and eat, animals,
crops, and even people, especially children. To
protect themselves, they would put food in front of
their house the first day of New Year. They believed
that Nian will eat the food they prepared so it won’t
eat anyone. Also people found out that Nian was
afraid of the color red so they would put red lanterns,
red spring rolls on their doors and windows. It is also
a tradition that people used firecrackers to scare
away Nian. Although Nian did not come back. It
became a tradition of the New Year celebration. Red Spring rolls
Traditional firecracker
19. CONCLUSION
• The Warring States Period is a great change for the history of China including:
technology, arts and music, government, the way people think, and the great change of
education. It is a period of time when war, education, politics, reform… are all mixed
together and people are having new views about both in life and material things.
• At the end of the Warring States period, Qin reunited China and created the 1 st Imperial
dynasty in the history of Ancient China. A lot of things that the Qin dynasty use came from
the Warring States period such as measurements, writing, political policies.
• Others say that the most important thing Qin dynasty did was setting guidelines for the
other dynasties; so I guess we could say that the Warring States period settle a guideline
for Qin dynasty.
21. INFO BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Cotterel, Arthur. “Eyewitness, Ancient China”. New York, DK Children Publishing, July 1, 2000
• Rees, Rosemary.” The Ancient Chinese”. Chicago, Reed Educational & Professional Publishing, 2002.
• Ancient Chinese marriage custom: http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/social_customs/marriage/
• Daode Tianzun: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E4%B8%8A%E8%80%81%E5%90%9B
• Dog meat: http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kz=368341222
• East Zhou: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%91%A8
• Eric W ancient china Qin Dynasty: http://www.slideshare.net/RidgeviewGrade7/eric-w-ancient-china-qin-
dynasty
• History of China: http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/china/history/index.htm
• History Timeline: http://www-chaos.umd.edu/history/time_line.html
• Jade Emperor: http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%9A%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%B8%9D
• Starting of Taoism: http://tieba.baidu.com/f?kz=31316600
• Warring States period:
http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B#.E6.88.B0.E5.9C.8B.E5.89.8D.E6.9C.9F.E5.90.8
4.E5.9C.8B.E7.9A.84.E8.AE.8A.E6.B3.95.E6.94.B9.E9.9D.A9
• Well field system: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-field_system
• What did the ancient Chinese Eat?: http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/136673847