The Shang Dynasty lasted from around 1600 BC to 1046 BC in ancient China. It followed the Xia Dynasty and introduced many advances. The Shang established a feudal system ruled by a king with nobles and slaves beneath him. They practiced agriculture, but also hunted and sacrificed humans. Writing, astronomy, and bronze-working advanced under the Shang. Society was patriarchal with arranged marriages and Confucian family structures. Religion centered on ancestor worship and nature gods like Shang Di. The wealthy lived in cities while commoners had mud-brick homes.
1) Ancient China saw the rise and fall of many dynasties over thousands of years, including the Shang Dynasty around 2000 BC and the Zhou Dynasty, as well as the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.
2) Early Chinese religions included ancestral worship, where families worshipped their deceased ancestors to gain their help or avoid punishment, as well as the worship of nature gods. Divination methods including oracle bones were also used.
3) Philosophies like Taoism which believed in balance and harmony with nature, and Confucianism which emphasized social order and duty, emerged around 600 BC and influenced Chinese culture. Buddhism was also introduced around 500 AD.
4) Traditional Chinese culture
The Huns were a nomadic group that originated in Central Asia and expanded into Europe in the 4th century AD. They were led by powerful rulers like Attila the Hun, who took control in 434 and conquered much of Eastern Europe. The Huns lived a nomadic lifestyle in portable structures called yurts and focused on warfare. When Attila died, the Hunnic Empire collapsed as various subject peoples revolted. Remaining Huns were assimilated into the populations of Europe.
Ancient China had a hierarchical social structure led by kings and powerful leaders. Farmers made up the largest social class but had little land and wealth. People lived simply in mud brick homes. Wealthier Chinese had larger homes and slaves. Staple foods included rice and tea. Marriage was arranged and women had few rights. Education was largely only for wealthy boys. Ancient Chinese believed in many gods and also honored ancestors. Clothing generally consisted of simple tunics and robes. Art, music and festivals were important cultural aspects.
The document discusses three major philosophies that emerged in China during the Warring States period: Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism. Confucianism taught that society should be based on traditional social hierarchies and that people could improve themselves through education. Daoism advocated living simply and in harmony with nature. Legalism viewed people as inherently selfish and taught that strict laws and punishments were needed to control society. The document provides overview of the key teachings of each philosophy.
The ancient Chinese civilization has a history spanning nearly 4,000 years and was ruled by a succession of dynasties. Key dynasties included the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties. The Shang dynasty invented writing, while the Qin dynasty unified laws and built projects like the Great Wall. The long-lasting Han dynasty explored other regions, established the Silk Road for trade, and instituted merit-based government appointments. Chinese philosophy included Confucianism which emphasized social order, Daoism focusing on nature, and Buddhism teaching the path to non-existence through nirvana.
The document provides information about early river valley civilizations in China that developed along the Huang He (Yellow River) beginning around 4000 BC. It discusses the geography of China, including natural barriers like mountains and deserts that protected settlements along the river but also isolated Chinese civilization. The Yellow River was important for developing fertile soil but also caused unpredictable flooding. Early Chinese civilization established systems of writing, government, agriculture, and social hierarchies. Religions like Daoism, Confucianism, and later Buddhism became influential. The Chinese achieved advancements in areas like paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, and porcelain. Eventually China adopted a policy of isolationism to protect its culture from foreign influence.
This document provides the agenda for Week 3 which includes discussing issues from Week 2, examining artworks to understand their stories and contexts, a lecture on ancient Indian and Chinese civilizations, and a "Who am I?" exercise to have students guess important historical figures. It also maps out the major time periods and developments of ancient Indian and Chinese civilizations, including influential people, philosophies, technologies, and artworks that emerged.
1) Ancient China saw the rise and fall of many dynasties over thousands of years, including the Shang Dynasty around 2000 BC and the Zhou Dynasty, as well as the Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period.
2) Early Chinese religions included ancestral worship, where families worshipped their deceased ancestors to gain their help or avoid punishment, as well as the worship of nature gods. Divination methods including oracle bones were also used.
3) Philosophies like Taoism which believed in balance and harmony with nature, and Confucianism which emphasized social order and duty, emerged around 600 BC and influenced Chinese culture. Buddhism was also introduced around 500 AD.
4) Traditional Chinese culture
The Huns were a nomadic group that originated in Central Asia and expanded into Europe in the 4th century AD. They were led by powerful rulers like Attila the Hun, who took control in 434 and conquered much of Eastern Europe. The Huns lived a nomadic lifestyle in portable structures called yurts and focused on warfare. When Attila died, the Hunnic Empire collapsed as various subject peoples revolted. Remaining Huns were assimilated into the populations of Europe.
Ancient China had a hierarchical social structure led by kings and powerful leaders. Farmers made up the largest social class but had little land and wealth. People lived simply in mud brick homes. Wealthier Chinese had larger homes and slaves. Staple foods included rice and tea. Marriage was arranged and women had few rights. Education was largely only for wealthy boys. Ancient Chinese believed in many gods and also honored ancestors. Clothing generally consisted of simple tunics and robes. Art, music and festivals were important cultural aspects.
The document discusses three major philosophies that emerged in China during the Warring States period: Confucianism, Daoism, and Legalism. Confucianism taught that society should be based on traditional social hierarchies and that people could improve themselves through education. Daoism advocated living simply and in harmony with nature. Legalism viewed people as inherently selfish and taught that strict laws and punishments were needed to control society. The document provides overview of the key teachings of each philosophy.
The ancient Chinese civilization has a history spanning nearly 4,000 years and was ruled by a succession of dynasties. Key dynasties included the Xia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties. The Shang dynasty invented writing, while the Qin dynasty unified laws and built projects like the Great Wall. The long-lasting Han dynasty explored other regions, established the Silk Road for trade, and instituted merit-based government appointments. Chinese philosophy included Confucianism which emphasized social order, Daoism focusing on nature, and Buddhism teaching the path to non-existence through nirvana.
The document provides information about early river valley civilizations in China that developed along the Huang He (Yellow River) beginning around 4000 BC. It discusses the geography of China, including natural barriers like mountains and deserts that protected settlements along the river but also isolated Chinese civilization. The Yellow River was important for developing fertile soil but also caused unpredictable flooding. Early Chinese civilization established systems of writing, government, agriculture, and social hierarchies. Religions like Daoism, Confucianism, and later Buddhism became influential. The Chinese achieved advancements in areas like paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, and porcelain. Eventually China adopted a policy of isolationism to protect its culture from foreign influence.
This document provides the agenda for Week 3 which includes discussing issues from Week 2, examining artworks to understand their stories and contexts, a lecture on ancient Indian and Chinese civilizations, and a "Who am I?" exercise to have students guess important historical figures. It also maps out the major time periods and developments of ancient Indian and Chinese civilizations, including influential people, philosophies, technologies, and artworks that emerged.
This document provides background information on the Song Dynasty in China from 960 to 1279 CE. It discusses the political and social structure during this period. Key points:
1) The Song Dynasty reunified China after a period of disunity and strengthened civilian rule and merit-based governance.
2) The early Northern Song period saw great economic prosperity and urbanization, with cities like Kaifeng and Hangzhou growing to over a million people.
3) Invaders from the north repeatedly threatened the Song Dynasty, forcing it to pay tribute. The Jurchen people captured the Northern Song capital in 1127, forcing the court to relocate south.
4) The Southern Song period saw further cultural and
Ancient China had a strict social hierarchy with the emperor at the top, followed by nobles, scholars, religious leaders, farmers, guards, merchants, and slaves at the bottom. Different dynasties ruled China over time. Merchants played a vital economic role but were usually poor, while silk was a main export that China kept secret. The social structures helped develop China's economy but mainly benefited those with skills to rise in status, showing the importance of hierarchy and honor. Today we have learned from China's social structures about equality, important industries like silk, and that power should be decided by the people.
China has a long history and varied geography. Some key points:
- China is larger than the U.S. with diverse climates and important rivers like the Yellow and Yangtze.
- Ancient Chinese civilization began as early as 4000 BCE along river valleys. Dynasties rose and fell over thousands of years, developing writing, culture, and expanding China's borders.
- Philosophies like Confucianism and Daoism shaped Chinese society with an emphasis on family, education, and harmony with nature. Trade expanded along the Silk Road, spreading culture and goods throughout Asia.
This document provides an overview of China's contributions to the modern world through inventions and advancements across five dynasties: the Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. Key points discussed include:
- Inventions like paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, and rockets that originated in China and benefited later societies.
- Infrastructure projects under the Sui dynasty like the Grand Canal and use of canal locks that improved trade and transportation.
- The Tang dynasty fostered urbanization and trade along the Silk Road, while the Song dynasty emphasized education.
- An activity asks students to order Chinese inventions by their influence on the modern world before discussing their rankings and
The Indus Valley civilization arose along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan around 1900 BC and had large, well-planned cities with advanced sewer systems and indoor plumbing. By 1700 BC, the civilization declined for unknown reasons, possibly due to invasion by Aryans, changing weather patterns, or a combination of factors. Early Chinese civilization began along the Huang He and Yangtze Rivers in dynasties like the Xia, Shang, and Zhou. The concept of the Mandate of Heaven justified changes in ruling dynasties and rebellions based on a ruler's wisdom. Chinese society had a feudal system, social classes, ancestor worship, and advancements like writing, silk, coinage
The document summarizes aspects of daily life during China's Han Dynasty which lasted from 206 BC to 220 AD. It describes the social hierarchy with the emperor at the top and peasants, artisans, and merchants below. Housing, food, family structure, education, religion, clothing, arts, music, and festivals are discussed for both the wealthy and poor classes. The Han Dynasty is presented as a period of growth and cultural development in Chinese history.
Zo people tend to speculate as to where came from. Some suggest that they are the descendents od the Chinese of the Chin dynasty because they are called Chin by the Burman. Some devoted Christians dreamed of being one of the lost tribes of Israle. The history of the Zo people is very complex because they have many versions of legends and traditions. Their clothing, houses and diet differ from one area to another because of climatic differences within a short distance. The language, through basically similar, has developed into muti-dialects.
The document provides information on early civilizations in India and China. It describes the geography of the Indian subcontinent and its three regions. It then discusses the Indus Valley civilization, including its major cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, as well as its farming, religion, and eventual decline. For China, it outlines the Shang Dynasty, including its social structure, the king's role in religion, beliefs in yin and yang, use of oracle bones for writing, and emphasis on ancestors. It also summarizes the subsequent Zhou Dynasty and the development of feudalism.
This document provides an overview of Chinese literature across different historical periods. It begins with an introduction to China and outlines two traditions in Chinese literature - the classical and vernacular traditions. It then describes the major historical periods of Chinese literature beginning with the Classical Period from the 6th century BC to the 2nd century AD, followed by the Medieval, Early Modern, and Modern periods. Excerpts from important Chinese philosophers and poets are also included, such as Confucius, Laozi, Li Po, and Tu Fu. Their works had influences across philosophy, poetry, and painting.
The document provides an overview of various aspects of life during the Warring States period in ancient China from 475-221 BC. It describes the social structure, housing, food, family life, marriage, childhood, education, religion, clothing, art, music and festivals. The Warring States period saw changes from the preceding Spring and Autumn period, including a breakdown of the feudal system and more social mobility. Common people had more opportunities to own land and advance their status.
- The document discusses early human cultures in China, including the Yangshao culture dating back to around 3500 BC, characterized by painted pottery, cultivated crops, and domesticated animals.
- It also mentions the Xia Dynasty, the first hereditary dynasty in China, dating back to the 21st-17th century BC, though its existence was debated until archaeological evidence was found in 1959.
- The Shang Dynasty is considered the first true dynasty of China, dating back to around 1500 BC, and was also originally considered mythical until oracle bones were discovered in the early 20th century providing evidence of its existence.
The document provides an overview of various aspects of life during the Warring States period in ancient China, including social structure, housing, food, family life, marriage, and childhood. The period was one of ongoing war between seven major states as the imperial dynasty lost power. Society became more meritocratic and private land ownership emerged, though patriarchal social norms remained. Families typically lived simply but wealthier elites enjoyed more elaborate housing and diets. Education was growing but largely restricted to boys.
Al-Biruni was a 11th century scholar from Uzbekistan who accompanied Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni's invasion of India. He learned Sanskrit and studied Hindu religious texts in order to understand Indian society. He wrote an encyclopedia on India called Kitab-ul-Hind, which discussed topics like religion, customs, astronomy, and the caste system. Ibn Battuta was a 14th century Moroccan traveler who visited many parts of India, recording his observations. François Bernier was a 17th century French physician who traveled extensively in India under the Mughals, providing accounts on Indian society, religion, and the administration of the Mughal Empire.
The document discusses the history and cultures of ancient Ethiopia. It describes the discovery of Lucy in Ethiopia, trade between ancient Egypt and the land of Punt likely located in Ethiopia/Eritrea, and an expedition led by Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt to Punt to acquire goods like frankincense and myrrh. It also discusses the possible presence of Hebrews in ancient Ethiopia as suggested by the Kebra Nagast and circumstantial evidence, though DNA studies indicate the Beta Israel people are descended from ancient local Ethiopians rather than originating in the Levant.
1) China has a long history dating back over 6,000 years and was first unified by Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC, establishing imperial rule that lasted until 1912.
2) China is the world's most populous country with over 1.3 billion people as of 2014 and has major cultural exports like tea, silk, and gunpowder.
3) Major Chinese inventions include paper, printing, the compass, and gunpowder, while traditions include martial arts, cricket fighting, and lantern festivals.
The document provides information about India during the medieval period. It discusses the emergence of new social and political groups during this time, including Mahmud Ghazni and the Turks who founded the Delhi Sultanates. The Delhi Sultanates were later replaced by the Mughals, who established the Mughal Empire. Many regional kingdoms also emerged across India during the medieval period. There were also major developments in religious traditions, including the emergence of Bhakti, the arrival of Islam, and the spread of Sufism through Sufi saints.
The Shang Dynasty lasted from 1700-1027 BC in ancient China. It was ruled by 30 emperors over 17 generations and was known for developing early Chinese writing and advanced bronze metallurgy. The Shang Dynasty fell around 1027 BC when the last ruler, King Di Xin, was a corrupt and tyrannical leader who plunged the society into darkness through his excessive drinking and immoral behavior.
The Shang Dynasty ruled northern China from 1650-1027 BCE. They established the first Chinese civilization, centered around their walled capital of Anyang. Society was divided between an upper class of kings, nobles, and artisans who lived in large houses, and common farmers who lived in small villages. The Shang developed writing, fine pottery, advanced bronze metalworking, and silk production. They practiced human sacrifice in elaborate tombs for kings and believed in an afterlife. The Shang king acted as a priest and communicated with ancestors and gods. Their culture was based on concepts of yin and yang duality and the five elements of nature. The Shang were eventually defeated by the neighboring Zhou kingdom.
The Shang Dynasty ruled from 2000-1650 BCE and was the first dynasty to leave written records. They practiced divination by heating bones and turtle shells, reading the cracks to answer questions. Over 150,000 oracle bones have been found with pictographs recording divinations. The bones provide valuable insight into Shang religion, social hierarchy, culture, and fall from power to the Zhou Dynasty.
This document provides background information on the Song Dynasty in China from 960 to 1279 CE. It discusses the political and social structure during this period. Key points:
1) The Song Dynasty reunified China after a period of disunity and strengthened civilian rule and merit-based governance.
2) The early Northern Song period saw great economic prosperity and urbanization, with cities like Kaifeng and Hangzhou growing to over a million people.
3) Invaders from the north repeatedly threatened the Song Dynasty, forcing it to pay tribute. The Jurchen people captured the Northern Song capital in 1127, forcing the court to relocate south.
4) The Southern Song period saw further cultural and
Ancient China had a strict social hierarchy with the emperor at the top, followed by nobles, scholars, religious leaders, farmers, guards, merchants, and slaves at the bottom. Different dynasties ruled China over time. Merchants played a vital economic role but were usually poor, while silk was a main export that China kept secret. The social structures helped develop China's economy but mainly benefited those with skills to rise in status, showing the importance of hierarchy and honor. Today we have learned from China's social structures about equality, important industries like silk, and that power should be decided by the people.
China has a long history and varied geography. Some key points:
- China is larger than the U.S. with diverse climates and important rivers like the Yellow and Yangtze.
- Ancient Chinese civilization began as early as 4000 BCE along river valleys. Dynasties rose and fell over thousands of years, developing writing, culture, and expanding China's borders.
- Philosophies like Confucianism and Daoism shaped Chinese society with an emphasis on family, education, and harmony with nature. Trade expanded along the Silk Road, spreading culture and goods throughout Asia.
This document provides an overview of China's contributions to the modern world through inventions and advancements across five dynasties: the Qin, Han, Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. Key points discussed include:
- Inventions like paper, printing, gunpowder, the compass, and rockets that originated in China and benefited later societies.
- Infrastructure projects under the Sui dynasty like the Grand Canal and use of canal locks that improved trade and transportation.
- The Tang dynasty fostered urbanization and trade along the Silk Road, while the Song dynasty emphasized education.
- An activity asks students to order Chinese inventions by their influence on the modern world before discussing their rankings and
The Indus Valley civilization arose along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan around 1900 BC and had large, well-planned cities with advanced sewer systems and indoor plumbing. By 1700 BC, the civilization declined for unknown reasons, possibly due to invasion by Aryans, changing weather patterns, or a combination of factors. Early Chinese civilization began along the Huang He and Yangtze Rivers in dynasties like the Xia, Shang, and Zhou. The concept of the Mandate of Heaven justified changes in ruling dynasties and rebellions based on a ruler's wisdom. Chinese society had a feudal system, social classes, ancestor worship, and advancements like writing, silk, coinage
The document summarizes aspects of daily life during China's Han Dynasty which lasted from 206 BC to 220 AD. It describes the social hierarchy with the emperor at the top and peasants, artisans, and merchants below. Housing, food, family structure, education, religion, clothing, arts, music, and festivals are discussed for both the wealthy and poor classes. The Han Dynasty is presented as a period of growth and cultural development in Chinese history.
Zo people tend to speculate as to where came from. Some suggest that they are the descendents od the Chinese of the Chin dynasty because they are called Chin by the Burman. Some devoted Christians dreamed of being one of the lost tribes of Israle. The history of the Zo people is very complex because they have many versions of legends and traditions. Their clothing, houses and diet differ from one area to another because of climatic differences within a short distance. The language, through basically similar, has developed into muti-dialects.
The document provides information on early civilizations in India and China. It describes the geography of the Indian subcontinent and its three regions. It then discusses the Indus Valley civilization, including its major cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, as well as its farming, religion, and eventual decline. For China, it outlines the Shang Dynasty, including its social structure, the king's role in religion, beliefs in yin and yang, use of oracle bones for writing, and emphasis on ancestors. It also summarizes the subsequent Zhou Dynasty and the development of feudalism.
This document provides an overview of Chinese literature across different historical periods. It begins with an introduction to China and outlines two traditions in Chinese literature - the classical and vernacular traditions. It then describes the major historical periods of Chinese literature beginning with the Classical Period from the 6th century BC to the 2nd century AD, followed by the Medieval, Early Modern, and Modern periods. Excerpts from important Chinese philosophers and poets are also included, such as Confucius, Laozi, Li Po, and Tu Fu. Their works had influences across philosophy, poetry, and painting.
The document provides an overview of various aspects of life during the Warring States period in ancient China from 475-221 BC. It describes the social structure, housing, food, family life, marriage, childhood, education, religion, clothing, art, music and festivals. The Warring States period saw changes from the preceding Spring and Autumn period, including a breakdown of the feudal system and more social mobility. Common people had more opportunities to own land and advance their status.
- The document discusses early human cultures in China, including the Yangshao culture dating back to around 3500 BC, characterized by painted pottery, cultivated crops, and domesticated animals.
- It also mentions the Xia Dynasty, the first hereditary dynasty in China, dating back to the 21st-17th century BC, though its existence was debated until archaeological evidence was found in 1959.
- The Shang Dynasty is considered the first true dynasty of China, dating back to around 1500 BC, and was also originally considered mythical until oracle bones were discovered in the early 20th century providing evidence of its existence.
The document provides an overview of various aspects of life during the Warring States period in ancient China, including social structure, housing, food, family life, marriage, and childhood. The period was one of ongoing war between seven major states as the imperial dynasty lost power. Society became more meritocratic and private land ownership emerged, though patriarchal social norms remained. Families typically lived simply but wealthier elites enjoyed more elaborate housing and diets. Education was growing but largely restricted to boys.
Al-Biruni was a 11th century scholar from Uzbekistan who accompanied Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni's invasion of India. He learned Sanskrit and studied Hindu religious texts in order to understand Indian society. He wrote an encyclopedia on India called Kitab-ul-Hind, which discussed topics like religion, customs, astronomy, and the caste system. Ibn Battuta was a 14th century Moroccan traveler who visited many parts of India, recording his observations. François Bernier was a 17th century French physician who traveled extensively in India under the Mughals, providing accounts on Indian society, religion, and the administration of the Mughal Empire.
The document discusses the history and cultures of ancient Ethiopia. It describes the discovery of Lucy in Ethiopia, trade between ancient Egypt and the land of Punt likely located in Ethiopia/Eritrea, and an expedition led by Queen Hatshepsut of Egypt to Punt to acquire goods like frankincense and myrrh. It also discusses the possible presence of Hebrews in ancient Ethiopia as suggested by the Kebra Nagast and circumstantial evidence, though DNA studies indicate the Beta Israel people are descended from ancient local Ethiopians rather than originating in the Levant.
1) China has a long history dating back over 6,000 years and was first unified by Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC, establishing imperial rule that lasted until 1912.
2) China is the world's most populous country with over 1.3 billion people as of 2014 and has major cultural exports like tea, silk, and gunpowder.
3) Major Chinese inventions include paper, printing, the compass, and gunpowder, while traditions include martial arts, cricket fighting, and lantern festivals.
The document provides information about India during the medieval period. It discusses the emergence of new social and political groups during this time, including Mahmud Ghazni and the Turks who founded the Delhi Sultanates. The Delhi Sultanates were later replaced by the Mughals, who established the Mughal Empire. Many regional kingdoms also emerged across India during the medieval period. There were also major developments in religious traditions, including the emergence of Bhakti, the arrival of Islam, and the spread of Sufism through Sufi saints.
The Shang Dynasty lasted from 1700-1027 BC in ancient China. It was ruled by 30 emperors over 17 generations and was known for developing early Chinese writing and advanced bronze metallurgy. The Shang Dynasty fell around 1027 BC when the last ruler, King Di Xin, was a corrupt and tyrannical leader who plunged the society into darkness through his excessive drinking and immoral behavior.
The Shang Dynasty ruled northern China from 1650-1027 BCE. They established the first Chinese civilization, centered around their walled capital of Anyang. Society was divided between an upper class of kings, nobles, and artisans who lived in large houses, and common farmers who lived in small villages. The Shang developed writing, fine pottery, advanced bronze metalworking, and silk production. They practiced human sacrifice in elaborate tombs for kings and believed in an afterlife. The Shang king acted as a priest and communicated with ancestors and gods. Their culture was based on concepts of yin and yang duality and the five elements of nature. The Shang were eventually defeated by the neighboring Zhou kingdom.
The Shang Dynasty ruled from 2000-1650 BCE and was the first dynasty to leave written records. They practiced divination by heating bones and turtle shells, reading the cracks to answer questions. Over 150,000 oracle bones have been found with pictographs recording divinations. The bones provide valuable insight into Shang religion, social hierarchy, culture, and fall from power to the Zhou Dynasty.
The document discusses the major early civilizations that developed between 600-1450 CE. It describes the four initial centers of civilization as the Middle East, Egypt, Northwestern India, and Northern China. Key aspects of these river valley civilizations included agriculture, surplus food production, social hierarchies, divisions of labor, and written languages. The document also examines aspects of Mesopotamian, Egyptian, Indus Valley, and early Chinese civilizations such as government structures, religions, and cultural and technological achievements.
The Shang Dynasty was China's first literate civilization and ruled from around 1600-1046 BCE. They developed advanced bronze-working, bureaucracy, and rammed earth walls. The Shang heartland was along the Yellow River and traditionally dates from 1766 BCE when it was founded by Cheng Tang until its defeat by the Zhou at the Battle of Muye in 1045 BCE. The Shang made significant cultural contributions such as developing writing, bronze-working, and leaving behind oracle bones used for divination.
The Xia Dynasty fell around 1600 BCE due to the tyrannical rule of King Jie. After the Xia's fall, Shang Tang came to power and established the Shang Dynasty, gaining support from smaller kingdoms. The Shang Dynasty lasted over 600 years, developing advanced skills in bronze-working, writing, and silk production. Kings like Wu Ding expanded the dynasty's territory and cultural achievements, though the last King Di Xin oversaw the dynasty's fall to the Zhou.
The Shang Dynasty ruled from around 1500-1100 BCE during the Bronze Age in China. They developed advanced bronze metallurgy techniques like piece-mold casting to produce ritual vessels. They also created one of the earliest forms of Chinese writing through oracle bone inscriptions used for divination. An important Shang site was discovered at Yinxu containing remains of palaces, tombs like that of Fu Hao, and thousands of oracle bones providing evidence of their advanced script and bureaucracy.
The document summarizes aspects of ancient Chinese civilization during the Shang and Zhou dynasties, including:
1) The Shang and Zhou dynasties helped make China a powerful civilization, though they faced floods and isolation from other groups.
2) Family and ancestor worship were important, and kings consulted spirits through oracle bones. Society was patriarchal and literacy varied by class.
3) Crafts like bronze working and silk production advanced under the Zhou, who also introduced coinage and iron tools to boost trade and agriculture.
The Shang Dynasty emerged in China between 1532-1027 BC. They were the first documented Chinese dynasty and established their main capital at Anyang. Cities were protected by earthen walls and consisted of mostly wooden structures and homes. Society was sharply divided into social classes ruled by a warrior king. The king's authority was believed to come from heaven through the Mandate of Heaven, and dynasties would rise and fall in a dynastic cycle. Writing first developed through oracle bones where priests would interpret cracks made by heat on bones or shells that kings used to consult with gods.
Ancient China had a complex social hierarchy and culture. The wealthy lived in large compounds with high walls for privacy and protection, while poor families lived in small mud homes. Boys could attend school to learn Confucian philosophy, but daughters had few rights and were expected to obey male relatives. People practiced ancestor worship and also believed in local gods. Festivals honored cultural and religious traditions. The ancient Chinese made advances in technology, including paper, gunpowder, and the compass.
The document summarizes aspects of life for the nomadic Hun people from their origins in Mongolia to their empire under Attila the Hun to their decline. It covers their society, culture, daily lives, religion, arts, and technology. The Huns were known for their violent conquests across Asia and Europe from the 4th to 5th century AD until internal conflicts and defeats by other groups led to the collapse of their empire.
Ancient China had four social classes - landlords, peasants, craftsmen, and merchants. Boys often went to school to learn Confucian philosophy, but education was only available to some. People worshipped ancestors and local gods. Housing for the rich included courtyards, while the poor lived in mud homes. The arts included pottery, bronze vessels, painting, and music tied to philosophy. Many festivals centered around the lunar calendar and honoring ancestors, gods, and historical figures. Science and technology included inventions like paper, the compass, gunpowder, and a hot air balloon. Daily life differed between social classes and sexes.
The document provides an overview of many aspects of life during the Han Dynasty in China, which lasted from 206 BCE to 220 CE. It discusses the political structure led by emperors, the social classes including peasants and wealthy landowners, daily activities like housing, childbirth, education, religion, art, music, and festivals. Technology and culture flourished during this period of Chinese history.
The document provides information about daily life during the Han Dynasty in China, which lasted from 206 BC to 220 AD. It discusses the social structure, with emperors at the top and peasants and servants at the bottom. Family, education, religion, clothing, art, and festivals are also described. The Han Dynasty is noted for establishing the Silk Road and other cultural and scientific achievements that helped unify China during this period.
The document provides information about daily life during the Han Dynasty in China, which lasted from 206 BC to 220 AD. It discusses the social structure, with emperors at the top and peasants and servants at the bottom. Family, education, religion, clothing, art, and festivals are also described. The Han Dynasty is noted for establishing the Silk Road and other cultural and scientific achievements that helped unify China during this period.
The document discusses the social classes in ancient China, including landowning aristocrats who owned large estates, peasant farmers who worked the land and made up about 90% of the population, and merchants who lived in towns and provided goods and services. Chinese society was hierarchical, with aristocrats at the top, farmers in the middle, and merchants at the bottom, even though some merchants became quite wealthy. The social classes shared different lifestyles and roles within the Chinese economic system.
The Maya social organization was divided into classes. Commoners lived simply with one-room houses and did agricultural work. Women had subordinate roles, caring for home and family. The nobility wore finer clothes and jewelry. Religion was important, with many gods and human sacrifice. Priests oversaw rituals and pyramids were religious centers. The Maya economy relied on intensive agriculture of crops like corn, and crafts like pottery and weaving were important trades.
The document provides an overview of the history, geography, landmarks, mythology and ecosystems of ancient China. It discusses the major dynastic periods from the Three Sovereigns to the Qing Dynasty. It describes China's natural barriers including mountains, deserts and seas that protected it. Famous landmarks like the Terracotta Army, Forbidden City and Great Wall are mentioned. Chinese mythology incorporating gods and spirits is briefly outlined. Finally, it provides details on the layers of tropical rainforests and notes the Southeast Asian rainforests are the oldest in the world.
Ancient Egypt had a civilization that began around 3150 BC and lasted until 50 BC. The document provides details about various aspects of ancient Egyptian society such as its social structure, housing, food, family life, education, religion, and arts. It describes how Egyptian social structure was hierarchical with gods and pharaohs at the top and slaves at the bottom. Housing was typically made of mud bricks, while foods varied between rich and poor. Religion played a central role in Egyptian life and they had many gods. The arts included sculpture, painting, music and architecture.
The geography of ancient China consisted of two major river valleys - the Huang He and Chang Jiang rivers. These rivers provided fertile land for agriculture, though only 10% of China's land was usable for farming due to mountains and deserts that isolated Chinese civilization. The Shang Dynasty, which ruled from around 1750-1122 BC, was the first dynasty in Chinese history after the semi-mythical Xia Dynasty. The Shang was an aristocratic society led by a powerful king. People practiced ancestor worship and consulted oracle bones to communicate with supernatural forces.
In medieval China, people generally wore tunics and sometimes jackets. The poor could only wear certain colors while the rich wore silk. Women's feet were bound from a young age to be seen as beautiful. Inventions like gunpowder, the compass, paper, and printing advanced China. The architecture followed principles of balance and floating roofs. Family and education were highly valued in Chinese culture.
The document provides an overview of ancient Chinese history and civilization. It describes China's geography and the influential Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It discusses the Shang Dynasty which ruled from around 1500 BCE, with an agricultural economy and a belief in life after death. The Zhou Dynasty overthrew the Shang in 1046 BCE and introduced concepts like the Mandate of Heaven to justify their rule. Confucianism emerged as a philosophy emphasizing social harmony through rituals and respect for authority. Legalism supported a strong centralized state governed by law rather than morality. Taoism taught living in harmony with nature and non-action.
Ancient China developed in isolation due to its geography. The Xia Dynasty was the first to rule in 2200 BC, followed by the Shang Dynasty in the 1500s BC which established a monarchy. The Shang developed innovations like the first writing system with over 2000 symbols, oracle bones for divination, and bronze metallurgy. The Zhou overthrew the Shang in the 1100s BC based on the Mandate of Heaven, establishing a feudal system where the king granted lands to lords in exchange for loyalty and military support.
The Shang Dynasty ruled from around 1600 BC to 1046 BC and was the first true dynasty of China. It developed a feudal system with the king at the top ruling over clan rulers who governed smaller city-states. Writing was invented during this period, found mainly on oracle bones. The Shang people practiced ancestor worship and ritual human sacrifice.
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China has a long history dating back 4,000 years with evidence of early humans living in the region over 1.7 million years ago. Chinese civilization originated along the Yellow River and Yangtze River valleys where Neolithic cultures first developed 7,000-8,000 years ago. The major rivers of China, the Yellow River and Yangtze River, provided water and transportation for early settlements. Ancient Chinese society was organized hierarchically with the king and his family at the top and groups including scholars, farmers, craftsmen, merchants, and slaves below them. Early Chinese religions involved worshipping nature and ancestors before teachings of Confucius and Laozi introduced philosophical reforms. Agriculture, silk production, pottery, wood
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2) The Shang Dynasty conquered surrounding tribes in the 2nd millennium BCE, establishing the first Chinese kingdom centered in Anyang. Shang society was stratified with an aristocratic class ruling over peasants.
3) The Zhou Dynasty overthrew the Shang in the 12th century BCE, instituting a feudal system of vassals. Declining Zhou control led to warring states by the 7th century BCE, accompanied by a philosophical reaction that produced great Chinese thinkers.
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Daily Life in Ancient Greece was divided into many periods and consisted of complex social structures. Citizens had rights not afforded to women, foreigners, or slaves. Family life was patriarchal and centered around the oikos or household. Children were raised communally in Sparta but had more schooling in Athens. Religion heavily influenced all aspects of life and the Greeks believed in many gods and held various festivals in their honor.
Farming originated around 8000 BCE in the Fertile Crescent region. The first crops farmed were cereal grains like wheat and barley, as well as pulses and the bottle gourd vegetable. Sheep and goats were among the earliest domesticated animals, as they meet the criteria of being able to be bred and kept in captivity without being aggressive or panicking.
Farming is believed to have originated around 10,000 years ago in East Africa and the Middle East by First Nations peoples at the end of the Ice Age, according to scientists. The first crops grown were likely wheat and barley, as their seeds are commonly found from that era. Dogs were possibly the first domesticated animals, kept as pets starting 13,000-30,000 years ago, while sheep, goats, cattle and pigs were domesticated for food around 9000-7000 BC.
Farming originated around 10,000 BC in an area known as the Fertile Crescent. People in this region began deliberately planting seeds from local grasses and grains that they gathered, such as barley and wheat, aided by favorable climate conditions. One of the earliest farming settlements was Catalhoyuk in present-day Turkey. Farming then spread to other parts of the world and involved domesticating animals like goats, sheep and pigs to provide food, fiber and labor. Over time, humans cultivated a wider variety of crops and domesticated additional animals, advancing early agriculture.
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This document provides an overview of ancient Chinese society during the Warring States period from 475 BC to 221 BC. It includes sections on the social structure, housing, family life, education, religion, art, music and festivals of the time. The wealthy lived in large houses with servants while common people were charged by the emperor. Boys could attend school but girls were expected to help with household duties. Marriage was arranged by parents and Buddhism was just being introduced. The arts flourished with music, painting, embroidery and moon cake festivals.
The Han dynasty ruled China from 206 BC to 220 AD. It expanded China's territory and unified the culture. The Han dynasty is known for establishing the Silk Road for trade between China and Rome. Archaeologists have also learned about Han dynasty life by artifacts like small clay models of homes and belongings buried with the dead. The social structure remained largely the same as previous dynasties with the emperor at the top and peasants at the bottom. Wealthy Han residents built large homes and decorated their family tombs with stone lions.
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Ancient Greece developed around 6000 BC when people settled in villages and began farming. Around 2000 BC, invaders from West Asia introduced bronze, the potter's wheel, and the Greek language. Common people in ancient Greece lived with their families in simple stone or wood houses with a courtyard, while wealthy homes had multiple rooms. Marriage was usually arranged, and women married young and focused on domestic duties. Children received some education, with boys learning academics and girls learning domestic skills. Ancient Greek culture included art, theatre, music and worship of the Olympian gods led by Zeus.
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This document provides background information on daily life in Ancient Greece. It describes the various time periods of Ancient Greek civilization from 800 BC to 146 BC. It then covers several aspects of Greek society including social structure, housing, food, family life, marriage, childbirth, childhood, education, religion, and clothing. Key points include the division of Greek society into citizens and slaves, the roles of men and women, education being limited to boys, and the dominant religion being Greek mythology centered around 12 main gods.
2. Map
The Shang Dynasty
lasted around 5- 600
years, and was ruled by
30 different emperors in
its time. It was in the
Bronze Age, and took
over the previous dynasty
using bronze. The Shang
Dynasty was only the
second dynasty the
period, and was not very
large.
3. Background
The Shang Dynasty was a very
important part of the Chinese history.
the Shang Dynasty was created by a rebel
king. It was based on agriculture, but there
was also some hunting. Their military was
fairly strong, and used bronze weapons to
fight with. The Shang also sacrificed
humans. The civilization practiced ancestor
worship, and believed in the afterlife. They
formed their own writing system, and they
also had some astronomers.
4. Social Structure
The highest person in the Shang Dynasty’s social
structure was the king. There were some slaves at
the very bottom of the social structure, and nobles
were the second highest. They were usually
the relatives of the king. The priests were
in charge of the religion of the dynasty,
and watched over the government.
Women were lower than men, and
children (usually girls) were
sometimes killed if they caused
problems.
An example social structure.
5. Housing
The majority of the people in the
Shang dynasty lived in small
farming, and fishing villages while
the rich lived in huge cities
surrounded by gigantic walls. These
huge walls that protected the city
were made of mud and sticks. They
were about 30 feet high, 65 feet
thick and 6kms long. The wall took
18 years to build, and 10 000
people worked on it. The less well
off people during this dynasty lived
in houses made by dried mud and
brick. The doors usually faced south
to keep out the north wind. They
had dirt floors and almost no
furniture.
6. How the Wealthy
The wealthy people in the
Shang dynasty lived in large
wooden houses similar to
these. In their houses, there
were wooden floors and some
furniture. Their main diet for
food was fish, grain products,
vegetable and fruit. They lived
very close to each other, which
let all of the community know
each other well. The people
wore silk and other expensive
materials.
7. Food
The main food for the poor were
millet, which is similar to rice.
The main diet for everyone was
mostly fish. Also, the rich ate
other wild animals but hunting Used for crushing grain
wasn’t a main source of food
and more like a hobby. For
special events, people would
drink millet ale. The ale was
known as wine. If the rich had
extra money to spend, they
would buy vegetables and fruit.
They were not very hard to grow
in the Shang dynasty, as it was
based upon agriculture.
8. Family Life
The family was one of the Oldest Man
most important things in the
Shang Dynasty. Loyalty to
your family was a very key Man’s Wife
part of the culture. The
oldest man was the leader of
the family, and the younger
The children
people looked up to their
parents. The women were
supposed to defer to their A sample Shang
husband, and generally be Dynasty family.
respectful.
9. Marriage
When a girl was 13-16, their marriage
was arranged by their parents. After she
was married she would move to her
husband’s house. The nobles would
marry for political reasons rather than
personal. They would create
links between two different
families or clans.
Two people getting
married.
10. Childbirth Practices
When a woman finds she is pregnant
people thought that everything the
woman says and does will influence
the unborn child. A pregnant woman
reads poetry and doesn't gossip, No speaking gossip
laugh loudly or lose her temper. Also,
Chinese women will read nice stories
before going to sleep. People
believed that if a pregnant woman
eats food that's not correctly cut, her
child will have a deformation.
Pregnant women would not be
allowed to attend funerals, and to
scare away evil sprits Chinese
women slept with knives under their
beds. The women would usually
have the baby in their own house Read nice story before sleeping
with only close family.
11. Childhood
The Shang Dynasty worshipped their ancestors,
so the children obeyed and looked up to their
parents. If you were a girl, you would not be
wanted and seen to be a waste. The male children
would work on trades such as farming or fishing,
and the girls would learn to wash clothes and do
other assorted chores. The children of nobles
would get better education, and generally have a
much better life than the lives of commoners.
Chinese children.
12. Childhood Comparison
Equivalent to
In the Shang dynasty children were expected to do every
thing that their elders told them to do. If the child was a
female, they would usually stay in their house doing chores
like washing clothes. If the child was male, they would have
to farm and fish if they were farmers or fishers and learn to
fight if they were warriors. If they had the blood of the king
the children could do almost anything they would like inside
the walls of their town. Our life is probably the most similar to
the relatives to the king because we don’t have to get are
own food and we can do a lot of things when we want to.
13. Education
Their was not much schooling in the Shang
Dynasty. Nobles would pay tutors to teach their
children, but the average child would not be
educated. The children who learned would be
taught on turtle shells, or bones. They would learn
how to do things by being an apprentice to their
job of choice. Some of the male children would
learn to become warriors and fight in the army, but
girls were not given this option.
The children would be taught
on shells of turtles.
14. Religion
The Shang Dynasty worshipped their ancestors.
This later became a main part of Confucianism,
and the way China thinks. They would bring
offerings to the tombs of their ancestors, but this
wasn’t all of their religion. The Shang Dynasty also
worshipped gods. The highest god was named
Shang Di, Shang Ti or just Di. They
believed in gods of specific things and places,
such as the god of Earth. Dead kings
were thought to have been gods, and
their name was preceded by “Di”.
An offering to an ancestor would
often be a bronze pot.
15. One God
In the Shang dynasty, there
were many gods for war, ocean
etc. but the main god was
Shang Ti/Shang Di. He was the
highest god and ruled over
heavens and all the other gods.
The people of Shang believed
that their gods were very
powerful and could cause
droughts, floods, and plagues.
They also thought that the king
was from the heavens and was
a mortal god, similar to Ancient
Egypt.
16. Clothing
The Shang Dynasty, created the
fundamentals of the Hanfu.
Hanfu is a wool shoulder to knee
fabric. Since the technology was
only simple, the only colours that
could be used were primary
usually red, blue , yellow and
green. The hanfu was worn by
both men and women, and look
almost identical. The higher
strata of society of course had
more elaborate work and motifs
on it even though there were
limited colours available.
Hanfu
17. Art, Music
The art in the Shang Dynasty was mainly based
upon bronze casting. They would make pots and
sculptures out of bronze or pottery, and they would
also make ritual vessels. They made masks, and
rubbings of patterns.
The music of the Shang Dynasty also used
bronze. They would make bronze bells, and also
big bronze drums. Along with ceremonial rites the
Shang would sing. It was believed you could
communicate with the gods by making music or
singing. They would do it as a form of tribute.
18. Festivals
The biggest festival in the Shang
Dynasty was Chinese new year.
Weeks before the new year,
homes would be cleaned
thoroughly in preparation for the
holiday. The new year marks the
end of winter and the start of the
new year. In the new year,
people give small amounts of
money in red envelopes (lucky
money) to each other for good
luck for the year. People who
pray wish for things like good
wealth for the year, good
farming, and successful war.
19. Conclusion
The Shang dynasty was only the
second dynasty in its time but it
is still one of the most important
dynasties. They added a lot to
the culture of China, and also to
the world as a whole. One thing
that changed China forever was
the first Chinese writing system.
The Shang dynasty has probably
changed the world for ever and
is history that will never be
changed.
20. Information Bibliography
“Shang Dynasty.” Wikipedia. 2 June 2011. Web.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shang_Dynasty. 1 June 2011.
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2011.
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2011.
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http://jonbyrdjonbyrd.tripod.com/shang.html. 28 May 2011.
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http://apwhwiki.pbworks.com/w/page/363416/Shang,-Social Structure.
29 May 2011.
Metropolitan Museum of Art. Chinese Bronzes: Of the Shang, 1766-
1122 B. C. Through the T'Ang Dynasty, A. D. 618-906. Kessinger
Publishing, 2010. Print.
Thorp, Robert L. China in the Early Bronze Age: Shang Civilization.
University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005. Print.
21. Info Biblio 2
“Shang Dynasty Religion.” China Knowledge. 2000. Web.
http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Myth/shang-religion.html. 26
May 2011.
“Shang Dynasty Arts.” China Knowledge. 2000. Web.
http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Myth/shang-arts.html. 26 May
2011.
“Shang Dynasty.” Slideshare. 2008. Web.
http://www.slideshare.net/Gregman215/shang-dynasty-presentation. 27
May 2011.
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http://china.mrdonn.org/shang&chou.html. 28 May 2011.
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http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/education/. 29 May 2011.
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http://www.china-
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music.html. 31 May 2011.
22. Info Biblio 3
Carr, Karen. “Shang Dynasty Architecture.” History for Kids. 16 Mar
2011. Web.
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/china/architecture/shangarchitect
ure.htm. 27 May 2011.
Eenwyk, Jonathan. “Shang Dynasty China.” No More Void. 5 Sept.
2003. Web.
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%20Dynasty%20China/food.htm. 25 May 2011.
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2011.
23. Picture Bibliography
Ceramic pot -
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rosemania/3267207063/sizes/m/in/pho
tostream/
Stone knife -
http://www.flickr.com/photos/archer10/4337754798/sizes/m/in/photo
stream/
Another pot -
http://www.flickr.com/photos/inyucho/4394400259/sizes/m/in/photos
tream/
Pot -http://www.history-of-china.com/shang-dynasty/the-bronze-of-
shang.html
Rubbing - http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Myth/shang-
arts.html
Chinese marriage - http://news.alibaba.com/gallery/detail/business-
in-schina/100015580-3-chinese-marriage-customs.html