Threatened abortion
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
9 likes•8,079 views
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF SECOND STAGE OF LABOUR
Nursing management of second stage of labour
by DRISYA.V.R.
1st year MSc Nursing
Govt.college of Nursing,Alappuzha
Second stage of labour
This document discusses the four stages of labor: 1) dilation of the cervix, 2) baby moving through the birth canal, 3) delivery of the placenta, and 4) recovery of the mother. It focuses on the second stage where the baby moves from the uterus into the vagina and is born. Key events in this stage include uterine contractions every 2-3 minutes lasting 50-60 seconds and the baby descending through the pelvis. Nursing assessments and interventions are also outlined to monitor labor progress and support the mother through each stage.
abruptio placenta
This document presents information on abruption placenta from a nursing college presentation. It defines abruption placenta as premature separation of a normally situated placenta after 28 weeks of gestation. It discusses the incidence, risk factors like maternal age and hypertension, signs and symptoms like vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain, diagnosis using ultrasound and coagulation tests, and management including fluid replacement, blood transfusion, and sometimes c-section. Nursing care focuses on monitoring maternal and fetal vital signs and blood loss, providing comfort, and watching for complications of abruption placenta like shock.
Induction of labor
Induction of labor involves initiating uterine contractions through medical, surgical, or combined methods to facilitate vaginal delivery after the fetus reaches viability. Common reasons for induction include preeclampsia, post-term pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, and non-reassuring fetal status. It is important to confirm the indication for induction and rule out any contraindications. The document then discusses various methods for induction, including medical induction using prostaglandins or mifepristone, surgical induction through artificial rupture of membranes or membrane stripping, and combined methods. Risks of induction include iatrogenic prematurity and increased cesarean rates if induction fails. Proper patient counseling and assessment of cervical ripeness are important factors for
Presentation episiotomy
This document discusses episiotomy, including its definition as a surgically planned incision made during childbirth, purposes such as facilitating delivery and reducing perineal tearing, types (median, mediolateral, lateral), indications, advantages, repair process, post-operative care, and potential complications. The repair process involves suturing the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles, and skin in layers to restore anatomical structure while controlling bleeding and preventing infection.
Vasa previa
This topic contains definition, risk to fetus, causes, diagnosis, symptoms and treatment of vasa previa.
Incomplete abortion
This document discusses incomplete abortion, which occurs when not all products of conception are expelled from the uterus after a miscarriage. Symptoms include pain and vaginal bleeding after expelling a fleshy mass. Examination shows a smaller uterus with an open cervical os and bleeding. Ultrasound reveals echogenic material in the uterine cavity. Management depends on the gestational age, and may involve evacuation of retained products surgically or through medication with misoprostol. The goal is complete removal of any remaining pregnancy tissue.
polyhydroaminos
This document discusses polyhydroamnios, which is an excess of amniotic fluid during pregnancy. It defines polyhydroamnios as amniotic fluid exceeding 2000 ml or an amniotic fluid index greater than 24 cm. Potential causes include fetal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, or idiopathic cases. Signs and symptoms range from abdominal pain and difficulty breathing with acute cases to leg swelling and discomfort with chronic cases. Ultrasound and amniocentesis are used for diagnosis. Complications include preterm labor and cord prolapse. Management may involve medications, monitoring, and in severe cases, early delivery.
Recommended
NURSING MANAGEMENT OF SECOND STAGE OF LABOUR
Nursing management of second stage of labour
by DRISYA.V.R.
1st year MSc Nursing
Govt.college of Nursing,Alappuzha
Second stage of labour
This document discusses the four stages of labor: 1) dilation of the cervix, 2) baby moving through the birth canal, 3) delivery of the placenta, and 4) recovery of the mother. It focuses on the second stage where the baby moves from the uterus into the vagina and is born. Key events in this stage include uterine contractions every 2-3 minutes lasting 50-60 seconds and the baby descending through the pelvis. Nursing assessments and interventions are also outlined to monitor labor progress and support the mother through each stage.
abruptio placenta
This document presents information on abruption placenta from a nursing college presentation. It defines abruption placenta as premature separation of a normally situated placenta after 28 weeks of gestation. It discusses the incidence, risk factors like maternal age and hypertension, signs and symptoms like vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain, diagnosis using ultrasound and coagulation tests, and management including fluid replacement, blood transfusion, and sometimes c-section. Nursing care focuses on monitoring maternal and fetal vital signs and blood loss, providing comfort, and watching for complications of abruption placenta like shock.
Induction of labor
Induction of labor involves initiating uterine contractions through medical, surgical, or combined methods to facilitate vaginal delivery after the fetus reaches viability. Common reasons for induction include preeclampsia, post-term pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, and non-reassuring fetal status. It is important to confirm the indication for induction and rule out any contraindications. The document then discusses various methods for induction, including medical induction using prostaglandins or mifepristone, surgical induction through artificial rupture of membranes or membrane stripping, and combined methods. Risks of induction include iatrogenic prematurity and increased cesarean rates if induction fails. Proper patient counseling and assessment of cervical ripeness are important factors for
Presentation episiotomy
This document discusses episiotomy, including its definition as a surgically planned incision made during childbirth, purposes such as facilitating delivery and reducing perineal tearing, types (median, mediolateral, lateral), indications, advantages, repair process, post-operative care, and potential complications. The repair process involves suturing the vaginal mucosa, perineal muscles, and skin in layers to restore anatomical structure while controlling bleeding and preventing infection.
Vasa previa
This topic contains definition, risk to fetus, causes, diagnosis, symptoms and treatment of vasa previa.
Incomplete abortion
This document discusses incomplete abortion, which occurs when not all products of conception are expelled from the uterus after a miscarriage. Symptoms include pain and vaginal bleeding after expelling a fleshy mass. Examination shows a smaller uterus with an open cervical os and bleeding. Ultrasound reveals echogenic material in the uterine cavity. Management depends on the gestational age, and may involve evacuation of retained products surgically or through medication with misoprostol. The goal is complete removal of any remaining pregnancy tissue.
polyhydroaminos
This document discusses polyhydroamnios, which is an excess of amniotic fluid during pregnancy. It defines polyhydroamnios as amniotic fluid exceeding 2000 ml or an amniotic fluid index greater than 24 cm. Potential causes include fetal anomalies, multiple pregnancies, or idiopathic cases. Signs and symptoms range from abdominal pain and difficulty breathing with acute cases to leg swelling and discomfort with chronic cases. Ultrasound and amniocentesis are used for diagnosis. Complications include preterm labor and cord prolapse. Management may involve medications, monitoring, and in severe cases, early delivery.
Placenta examination
A placenta examination is performed after delivery to ensure the entire placenta and membranes have been expelled. It checks that the placenta is of normal size, shape, consistency and weight, and detects any abnormalities. The examination also evaluates the umbilical cord length and number of blood vessels. Key tools used include a bowl, weighing scale, and measuring tape. The placenta develops during pregnancy to support fetal growth and development through respiratory, alimentary, excretory and other vital functions.
Active management of normal labour
This document outlines the active management of normal labour in 4 stages: antenatal preparation, first stage (history, exam, procedures), second stage (delivery of baby), third stage (delivery of placenta), and fourth stage (postpartum care of mother and baby). The goal is a healthy delivery with minimal effects. Key procedures include monitoring contractions/fetal heart with a partogram, positioning, nutrition, analgesia, perineal support, and immediate newborn care.
Normal puerperium
This topic contains detailed description regarding Normal puerperium, it's definition, duration, phases, involution of uterus and other pelvic organs, lochia, general physiological changes of puerperium, lactation, management of normal puerperium, management of ailments and postnatal care.
Puerperal sepsis
This document discusses puerperal pyrexia, which is a temperature of 100.4°F or higher within the first 10 days following delivery. It defines puerperal pyrexia and notes its historical prevalence. The causes are listed for different time periods postpartum, including atelectasis, urinary tract infections, endometritis, wound infections, and mastitis. Puerperal sepsis is also defined as an infection of the genital tract occurring after delivery. Risk factors and causes are provided. Signs and symptoms, investigations, prophylaxis, treatment including isolation, antibiotics, and potential surgical interventions are summarized.
ROLE OF NURSE IN MIDWIFERY
A midwife is defined as an individual who has completed midwifery education and is legally licensed to practice. Midwives provide care to women and families during preconception, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. They conduct antenatal exams, identify high-risk mothers, provide supportive care during labor and delivery, and work to prevent complications and promote health after birth. Midwives serve as counselors, teachers, and advocates for reproductive and maternal health.
Amniotic fluid embolism
This topic contains definition, mechanism, risk factors, sign and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and complications of amniotic fluid embolism.
Polyhydramios
Polyhydramnios is an excess of amniotic fluid, defined as over 2000 ml. It can be caused by fetal issues like congenital anomalies that impact swallowing or by maternal diabetes. Clinical signs include a fundal height higher than gestational age and a tense, cystic uterus that makes fetal parts difficult to feel. Management depends on the severity and chronicity, with acute cases warranting early rupture of membranes and chronic cases involving expectant management with potential termination if not improved. Complications can be maternal like preterm labor or fetal like prematurity.
Antepartum hemorrhage
This document discusses antepartum hemorrhage (APH), specifically placenta previa and placental abruption. It defines APH as bleeding from or into the genital tract after 28 weeks of pregnancy but before birth. Placenta previa is when the placenta implants over the lower uterine segment or cervical os, while placental abruption is the premature separation of a normally implanted placenta. Both can cause painless vaginal bleeding and are medical emergencies. The document outlines risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, potential complications, and management approaches for each condition.
Ante natal clinic - protocol
This document outlines the protocol for antenatal clinic visits. It recommends that pregnant women have at least 4 checkups - in the first, second, and third trimesters and between 36 weeks and term. The first visit includes registration, history taking, examinations, and basic investigations. Subsequent visits monitor weight, blood pressure, fetal growth and position. Investigations are repeated as needed. The protocol advises on nutrition, rest, medication, symptoms to report, and maternal risk factors identified during antenatal care.
Minor disorders of pregnancy
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
Abnormal uterine action
This document discusses abnormal uterine action during labor, including definitions, types, causes, diagnosis, and management. The main types discussed are uterine inertia, ineffective contractions, abnormal polarity, incoordinate contractions including spastic lower segment and constriction ring, cervical dystocia, precipitate labor, tonic contractions, and retraction ring. The importance of assessing uterine tone, frequency and strength of contractions is emphasized for diagnosis. Management depends on the specific abnormality but may include oxytocin augmentation, amniotomy, operative vaginal delivery, or cesarean section.
POSTNATAL ASSESSMENT
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Preterm labour
This document provides an overview of preterm labor and abnormal uterine action. It begins by defining preterm labor as labor starting between 24-28 weeks and before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The prevalence of preterm labor is reported to range between 5-10%. Risk factors for preterm labor are then discussed, along with potential maternal and fetal complications. Diagnosis and management of preterm labor focuses on preventing onset, arresting labor if possible, and providing appropriate neonatal care. The document then discusses various types of abnormal uterine action including hypertonic, hypotonic, dyscoordinate, and tonic contractions. Causes, signs, and management are described for each type. Cervical dystocia is also reviewed, distinguishing between primary
APGAR and BISHOP Scoring.pptx
The document discusses Apgar scoring and Bishop scoring. Apgar scoring is used to evaluate the health of newborns based on appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration. Bishop scoring is used to predict the likelihood of successful labor induction based on cervical changes and baby's position, with a maximum score of 13 and scores of 6-13 indicating a favorable chance of vaginal delivery.
Second stage of labor
The second stage of labor begins when the cervix is completely dilated (open), and ends with the birth of your baby. Contractions push the baby down the birth canal, and you may feel intense pressure, similar to an urge to have a bowel movement. Your health care provider may ask you to push with each contraction.
Uterine inertia
The document defines and classifies uterine inertia, which is an abnormal relaxation of the uterus during labor causing lack of progress. It describes primary and secondary uterine inertia, their causes and clinical presentations. It discusses various management schemes for hypotonic inertia including medications, oxytocin, prostaglandins and operative deliveries if needed. Hypertonic inertia is also defined as uncoordinated uterine action with irregular painful contractions.
Placenta at term for nursing students
The human placenta is a discoid, haemochorial organ that develops during pregnancy to connect the developing fetus to the uterine wall for nutrient/waste exchange. At term, the placenta is a circular disc about 15-20cm in diameter and 2.5cm thick that weighs around 500g. It has both a fetal side covered by amnion/umbilical cord and a rough, spongy maternal side with lobes. The placenta facilitates gas/nutrient exchange between maternal and fetal blood supplied by the umbilical cord and establishes a connection between the mother and developing fetus.
Abortion -Type and it's Management
This document discusses abortion and miscarriage. It defines abortion as the expulsion of an embryo or fetus weighing 500 grams or less that is incapable of independent survival. Causes of abortion include genetic abnormalities, endocrine issues, infections, anatomical abnormalities, and blood group incompatibility. Threatened abortion refers to bleeding in early pregnancy when recovery is still possible, while inevitable and incomplete abortions involve progression where continuation of pregnancy is impossible. Septic abortion occurs when infection is present. Management depends on severity and aims to evacuate the uterus, treat infection if present, and prevent complications.
Puerperal sepsis
This document discusses puerperal infection, which refers to infections occurring after childbirth. It aims to define puerperal infection, describe common causative organisms and risk factors, explain the pathology and diagnostic process, and outline prevention and management strategies. Puerperal infection morbidity affects 2-10% of patients and is higher after cesarean deliveries. Improved obstetric care and antibiotics have reduced rates. The uterus is the most common infection site. Symptoms, treatment with antibiotics and rest, and surgical drainage for abscesses are discussed. Urinary tract infections are another common postpartum complication, caused by bacteria and associated with catheterization and bladder changes. Diagnosis and treatment focus on urinalysis
3rd stage OF LABOUR
The document discusses the management of the third stage of labour, which begins with the birth of the baby and ends with delivery of the placenta. It describes the phases of placental separation, descent, and expulsion. It discusses expectant versus active management and the nursing care involved in each approach. The nursing diagnosis identifies risks for fluid deficit, lack of preparation for sensations, and energy expenditure from childbirth efforts. Nursing interventions include monitoring for signs of separation and bleeding, providing education and rest opportunities.
High risk pregnancy delfin 202
This document discusses several high risk pregnancy complications that can cause bleeding. In the first trimester, abortion and ectopic pregnancy are risks. Second trimester risks include hydatidiform mole and incompetent cervix. Third trimester risks include placenta previa and abruption placenta. It then goes on to provide more detailed information about each complication, including causes, signs and symptoms, management, and nursing considerations.
Abortion -what it is
This document defines abortion and describes the different types, including spontaneous (threatened, missed, inevitable, etc.) and induced (therapeutic, criminal). It discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, and general management of abortion. Spontaneous abortion is commonly referred to as miscarriage and can be threatened, missed, inevitable complete or incomplete. Induced abortion can be therapeutic when performed by a doctor for medical reasons, or criminal when illegally procured. Management involves determining the cause, preserving the mother's life, and preparing for future pregnancies.
More Related Content
What's hot
Placenta examination
A placenta examination is performed after delivery to ensure the entire placenta and membranes have been expelled. It checks that the placenta is of normal size, shape, consistency and weight, and detects any abnormalities. The examination also evaluates the umbilical cord length and number of blood vessels. Key tools used include a bowl, weighing scale, and measuring tape. The placenta develops during pregnancy to support fetal growth and development through respiratory, alimentary, excretory and other vital functions.
Active management of normal labour
This document outlines the active management of normal labour in 4 stages: antenatal preparation, first stage (history, exam, procedures), second stage (delivery of baby), third stage (delivery of placenta), and fourth stage (postpartum care of mother and baby). The goal is a healthy delivery with minimal effects. Key procedures include monitoring contractions/fetal heart with a partogram, positioning, nutrition, analgesia, perineal support, and immediate newborn care.
Normal puerperium
This topic contains detailed description regarding Normal puerperium, it's definition, duration, phases, involution of uterus and other pelvic organs, lochia, general physiological changes of puerperium, lactation, management of normal puerperium, management of ailments and postnatal care.
Puerperal sepsis
This document discusses puerperal pyrexia, which is a temperature of 100.4°F or higher within the first 10 days following delivery. It defines puerperal pyrexia and notes its historical prevalence. The causes are listed for different time periods postpartum, including atelectasis, urinary tract infections, endometritis, wound infections, and mastitis. Puerperal sepsis is also defined as an infection of the genital tract occurring after delivery. Risk factors and causes are provided. Signs and symptoms, investigations, prophylaxis, treatment including isolation, antibiotics, and potential surgical interventions are summarized.
ROLE OF NURSE IN MIDWIFERY
A midwife is defined as an individual who has completed midwifery education and is legally licensed to practice. Midwives provide care to women and families during preconception, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. They conduct antenatal exams, identify high-risk mothers, provide supportive care during labor and delivery, and work to prevent complications and promote health after birth. Midwives serve as counselors, teachers, and advocates for reproductive and maternal health.
Amniotic fluid embolism
This topic contains definition, mechanism, risk factors, sign and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and complications of amniotic fluid embolism.
Polyhydramios
Polyhydramnios is an excess of amniotic fluid, defined as over 2000 ml. It can be caused by fetal issues like congenital anomalies that impact swallowing or by maternal diabetes. Clinical signs include a fundal height higher than gestational age and a tense, cystic uterus that makes fetal parts difficult to feel. Management depends on the severity and chronicity, with acute cases warranting early rupture of membranes and chronic cases involving expectant management with potential termination if not improved. Complications can be maternal like preterm labor or fetal like prematurity.
Antepartum hemorrhage
This document discusses antepartum hemorrhage (APH), specifically placenta previa and placental abruption. It defines APH as bleeding from or into the genital tract after 28 weeks of pregnancy but before birth. Placenta previa is when the placenta implants over the lower uterine segment or cervical os, while placental abruption is the premature separation of a normally implanted placenta. Both can cause painless vaginal bleeding and are medical emergencies. The document outlines risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, potential complications, and management approaches for each condition.
Ante natal clinic - protocol
This document outlines the protocol for antenatal clinic visits. It recommends that pregnant women have at least 4 checkups - in the first, second, and third trimesters and between 36 weeks and term. The first visit includes registration, history taking, examinations, and basic investigations. Subsequent visits monitor weight, blood pressure, fetal growth and position. Investigations are repeated as needed. The protocol advises on nutrition, rest, medication, symptoms to report, and maternal risk factors identified during antenatal care.
Minor disorders of pregnancy
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
Abnormal uterine action
This document discusses abnormal uterine action during labor, including definitions, types, causes, diagnosis, and management. The main types discussed are uterine inertia, ineffective contractions, abnormal polarity, incoordinate contractions including spastic lower segment and constriction ring, cervical dystocia, precipitate labor, tonic contractions, and retraction ring. The importance of assessing uterine tone, frequency and strength of contractions is emphasized for diagnosis. Management depends on the specific abnormality but may include oxytocin augmentation, amniotomy, operative vaginal delivery, or cesarean section.
POSTNATAL ASSESSMENT
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Preterm labour
This document provides an overview of preterm labor and abnormal uterine action. It begins by defining preterm labor as labor starting between 24-28 weeks and before 37 weeks of pregnancy. The prevalence of preterm labor is reported to range between 5-10%. Risk factors for preterm labor are then discussed, along with potential maternal and fetal complications. Diagnosis and management of preterm labor focuses on preventing onset, arresting labor if possible, and providing appropriate neonatal care. The document then discusses various types of abnormal uterine action including hypertonic, hypotonic, dyscoordinate, and tonic contractions. Causes, signs, and management are described for each type. Cervical dystocia is also reviewed, distinguishing between primary
APGAR and BISHOP Scoring.pptx
The document discusses Apgar scoring and Bishop scoring. Apgar scoring is used to evaluate the health of newborns based on appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration. Bishop scoring is used to predict the likelihood of successful labor induction based on cervical changes and baby's position, with a maximum score of 13 and scores of 6-13 indicating a favorable chance of vaginal delivery.
Second stage of labor
The second stage of labor begins when the cervix is completely dilated (open), and ends with the birth of your baby. Contractions push the baby down the birth canal, and you may feel intense pressure, similar to an urge to have a bowel movement. Your health care provider may ask you to push with each contraction.
Uterine inertia
The document defines and classifies uterine inertia, which is an abnormal relaxation of the uterus during labor causing lack of progress. It describes primary and secondary uterine inertia, their causes and clinical presentations. It discusses various management schemes for hypotonic inertia including medications, oxytocin, prostaglandins and operative deliveries if needed. Hypertonic inertia is also defined as uncoordinated uterine action with irregular painful contractions.
Placenta at term for nursing students
The human placenta is a discoid, haemochorial organ that develops during pregnancy to connect the developing fetus to the uterine wall for nutrient/waste exchange. At term, the placenta is a circular disc about 15-20cm in diameter and 2.5cm thick that weighs around 500g. It has both a fetal side covered by amnion/umbilical cord and a rough, spongy maternal side with lobes. The placenta facilitates gas/nutrient exchange between maternal and fetal blood supplied by the umbilical cord and establishes a connection between the mother and developing fetus.
Abortion -Type and it's Management
This document discusses abortion and miscarriage. It defines abortion as the expulsion of an embryo or fetus weighing 500 grams or less that is incapable of independent survival. Causes of abortion include genetic abnormalities, endocrine issues, infections, anatomical abnormalities, and blood group incompatibility. Threatened abortion refers to bleeding in early pregnancy when recovery is still possible, while inevitable and incomplete abortions involve progression where continuation of pregnancy is impossible. Septic abortion occurs when infection is present. Management depends on severity and aims to evacuate the uterus, treat infection if present, and prevent complications.
Puerperal sepsis
This document discusses puerperal infection, which refers to infections occurring after childbirth. It aims to define puerperal infection, describe common causative organisms and risk factors, explain the pathology and diagnostic process, and outline prevention and management strategies. Puerperal infection morbidity affects 2-10% of patients and is higher after cesarean deliveries. Improved obstetric care and antibiotics have reduced rates. The uterus is the most common infection site. Symptoms, treatment with antibiotics and rest, and surgical drainage for abscesses are discussed. Urinary tract infections are another common postpartum complication, caused by bacteria and associated with catheterization and bladder changes. Diagnosis and treatment focus on urinalysis
3rd stage OF LABOUR
The document discusses the management of the third stage of labour, which begins with the birth of the baby and ends with delivery of the placenta. It describes the phases of placental separation, descent, and expulsion. It discusses expectant versus active management and the nursing care involved in each approach. The nursing diagnosis identifies risks for fluid deficit, lack of preparation for sensations, and energy expenditure from childbirth efforts. Nursing interventions include monitoring for signs of separation and bleeding, providing education and rest opportunities.
What's hot (20)
Viewers also liked
High risk pregnancy delfin 202
This document discusses several high risk pregnancy complications that can cause bleeding. In the first trimester, abortion and ectopic pregnancy are risks. Second trimester risks include hydatidiform mole and incompetent cervix. Third trimester risks include placenta previa and abruption placenta. It then goes on to provide more detailed information about each complication, including causes, signs and symptoms, management, and nursing considerations.
Abortion -what it is
This document defines abortion and describes the different types, including spontaneous (threatened, missed, inevitable, etc.) and induced (therapeutic, criminal). It discusses the causes, signs and symptoms, and general management of abortion. Spontaneous abortion is commonly referred to as miscarriage and can be threatened, missed, inevitable complete or incomplete. Induced abortion can be therapeutic when performed by a doctor for medical reasons, or criminal when illegally procured. Management involves determining the cause, preserving the mother's life, and preparing for future pregnancies.
Abortion by Dr rahat
1. Recurrent abortion is defined as three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions, affecting approximately 1 in 100 women.
2. Causes of recurrent abortion include genetic factors like chromosomal abnormalities, anatomical factors such as uterine anomalies, endocrinal issues, immunological factors, and systemic disorders.
3. Management of recurrent abortion involves obtaining a history, examination, investigations in non-pregnant and pregnant women, counseling, and treating any underlying causes before attempting another pregnancy.
Abortion
This document discusses various topics related to abortion including definitions, incidence rates, classifications, etiology, clinical features, management, and complications. Some key points:
- Abortion is defined as the expulsion of an embryo or fetus weighing less than 500g. Common classifications include threatened, inevitable, incomplete, complete, missed, and septic abortion.
- Incidence rates are 10-20% of clinical pregnancies, with 75% occurring before 16 weeks. Rates vary by maternal age and history of miscarriage.
- Etiology can include fetal factors like genetic abnormalities and maternal factors like endocrine/metabolic issues, infections, immunological disorders, and environmental exposures.
- Clinical features
Threatened abortion
Threatened abortion refers to vaginal bleeding in the first half of pregnancy where the process of abortion has started but recovery is still possible. It occurs in 20-25% of pregnancies and miscarriage is 2.6 times as likely. Management may include bed rest, progesterone therapy, tocolytic drugs, and monitoring with ultrasound and blood tests. While progesterone therapy may help continue the pregnancy, evidence does not support the routine use of hCG or tocolytic drugs for threatened abortion. Close monitoring is important as these pregnancies have an increased risk of complications.
Antenatal assessment,fetal well being
The document discusses the assessment of maternal and fetal well-being during pregnancy. Maternal assessment includes taking history, general and obstetrical examination, and radiological tests. Fetal assessment includes clinical maneuvers, biophysical tests like fetal movement count and non-stress test, biophysical profile, cardiotocography, and ultrasound. Both maternal and fetal assessments are important to monitor the health and development of the mother and fetus during pregnancy.
Viewers also liked (6)
Similar to Threatened abortion
Similar to Threatened abortion (6)
Threatened abortion
- 2. Threatened Abortion Threatened abortion is defined as vaginal bleeding before 20 weeks of gestation It occurs in about 30% to 40% of all pregnancies.
- 3. History ประจำเดือนครั้งสุดท้าย อายุครรภ์โดยประมาณ เลือดที่ออก ลักษณะ ระยะเวลา ปริมาณ ( ประมาณการเสียเลือดคร่าวๆ ) มีชิ้นเนื้อปนออกมาหรือไม่ ประวัติเคยแท้ง ประวัติโรคเลือด อาการที่พบร่วม เช่น ปวดท้อง หน้ามืด เป็นลม ไข้
- 4. Physical examination Vital signs Abdomen usually is not tender Cervix is closed Bleeding can be seen coming from the os, and usually there is no cervical motion or adnexal tenderness.
- 5. Investigation การตรวจทั่วไป CBC Blood group UA Wet smear
- 6. Investigation การตรวจยืนยันการตั้งครรภ์ Urine pregnancy test Serial measurements of hCG Ultrasonography TAS TVS
- 7. Treatment There are no effective therapies for threatened abortion. Bedrest, although often prescribed, does not alter its course. Progesterone or sedatives should not be used Acetaminophen-based analgesia may be given to help relieve discomfort All patients should be counseled and reassured so that they understand the situation.