Thomas Aquinas provides five proofs for the existence of God through reason alone. The five proofs are: 1) The argument from motion, which argues that all change requires an initial mover which is God. 2) The argument from efficient cause, which argues that all effects must have a cause and there must be a first cause which is God. 3) The argument from possibility, which argues that all contingent beings must have a necessary being as their source, which is God. 4) The argument from gradation, which argues that all qualities must have a maximum standard, which is God. 5) The argument from design, which argues that purposeful order requires an intelligent designer, which is God.