This document discusses Lean principles and how to apply them. It defines Lean as prioritizing flow efficiency over resource efficiency. Key concepts of Lean include value streams, standardization, visibility, and flow measurement. Important Lean metrics are discussed such as work in progress, queues, lead time, flow time, cycle time, and value-creating time. The document also discusses the myth of resource efficiency and how most organizations are actually operating versus where they think they are. It provides an overview of how to increase flow efficiency and then resource efficiency through visualization, standardization, and reducing inefficiencies.