thinking activity pdf

Thinking Activity
Prepared By :- Mansi Upadhyay Page 0
Department of
English
Name :- Mansi Upadhyay
Roll No :- 16

Thinking Activity
Prepared By :- Mansi Upadhyay
Table of Contents
Sem :- 1 Thinking Activity........................................................................................................................4
Thinking Activity Dr. Faustus...............................................................................................................4
Metaphysical poetry : .............................................................................................................................7
what is metaphysical poetry :.............................................................................................................8
Metaphysical poets :.......................................................................................................................8
My view about the movie "Hamlet" by kenneth Branagh....................................................................10
Post truth Thinking Activity...................................................................................................................15
Thinking Activity Edmund Spenser .......................................................................................................16
Minor poem : ....................................................................................................................................17
Characteristics of his poetry : .......................................................................................................18
Thinking Activity Dryden’s Essay...........................................................................................................18
Definition of tragedy :-......................................................................................................................19
Definition of play :- .......................................................................................................................20
"preface to Lyrical Ballads" by William Wordsworth's"........................................................................22
Coleridge's Biographia Literaria - Samuel Taylor Coleridge..................................................................25
Aristotle's poetics..................................................................................................................................29
Robinson Crusoe ...................................................................................................................................32
Film screening of Robinson Crusoe...................................................................................................33
Conclusion:....................................................................................................................................36
Big shorts - for indian of tomorrow ......................................................................................................36
Thinking activity on T.p. kailasam.........................................................................................................37
Sem :- 2 Thinking Activity......................................................................................................................41
Matthew Arnold................................................................................................................................41
Thinking Activity On T.S.Eliot : Tradition and Individual Talent............................................................43
Pre-Task of Frankenstein... ...................................................................................................................47
The Archetypes of Literature...Northrop Frye ......................................................................................52
Thinking Activity On Structuralism and Literary Criticism.... ................................................................59
I.A.Richard : Figurative Language..........................................................................................................64
Sem :- 3 Thinking Activity......................................................................................................................67
Word Meaning of different languages..............................................................................................67

Thinking Activity
Thinking Activity :..................................................................................................................................69
Identify the "Modernist", "Symbols", "Imagery" and "Metaphors"..... from the poems.................69
* Meaning of Modernism :- ..........................................................................................................70
Thinking Activity....................................................................................................................................78
The Scarlet Letter And Movie Kya Kehna..........................................................................................78
Oneness of Literature .......................................................................................................................86
ELT- The Role of English in India .......................................................................................................90
The old man and sea.........................................................................................................................93
About this novel............................................................................................................................93
The Lighthouse By Virginia Woolf.........................................................................................................96
* About the Author :-........................................................................................................................96
Thinking Activity..................................................................................................................................103
Edward said by Orientalism ............................................................................................................103
* Introduction :- ..........................................................................................................................103
Colonialism, Imperialism and Post-colonialism ..............................................................................105
* What is Colonialism ?...............................................................................................................105
Transcendentalism and Anti-Transcendentalism ...........................................................................108
* Transcendentalism :-................................................................................................................108
* Anti-Transcendentalism :-........................................................................................................109
Poe's Short Story.............................................................................................................................109
Post Colonial Studies.......................................................................................................................118
Methods of English Teaching..........................................................................................................124
Interpretation Challenge Breath.....................................................................................................129
* About Samuel Beckett :- ..........................................................................................................129

Thinking Activity
Existentialism ..................................................................................................................................131
* What is Existentialism ? ...........................................................................................................131
Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett ............................................................................................137
* About Author by Samuel Beckett :- .........................................................................................137
The Birthday Party ..........................................................................................................................144
Sem :-4 Thinking Activity.....................................................................................................................151
Important of Mass Media and Communication..............................................................................151
Robinson Crusoe in the context of "A grain of Wheat"......................................................................152
Thinking Activity : Education and Technology. ...................................................................................154
Thinking Activity: One Night @ The Call Center .................................................................................157
About the Author :-.........................................................................................................................157
* Effect of Globalization in the novel..........................................................................................158
Thinking Activity: Journalism ..............................................................................................................161
* What is Feature writing ?.............................................................................................................161
* Trend story :-............................................................................................................................162
Language Lab Review......................................................................................................................163
NAMO E-TAB...............................................................................................................................172
Thinking Activity The White Tiger.......................................................................................................182
The Waiting for Barbarian...................................................................................................................188
* About Author :- ............................................................................................................................188
* Plot Summary :-........................................................................................................................189
* Major Character :-........................................................................................................................191
* Central Themes :-.....................................................................................................................192
Thinking Activity DaVinci Code ...........................................................................................................193
About Author :- ...............................................................................................................................193
How Literature Shaped Me ?..............................................................................................................196
* What is Literature ?......................................................................................................................197
* How Literature Shaped Me ? ...................................................................................................197
Web quest Activity : Harry Potter.......................................................................................................200

Thinking Activity
Group task.......................................................................................................................................200
How One Night @ Call Center Shaped Me ?.......................................................................................205
* What is Literature ?......................................................................................................................205
* How ON@TCC Shaped me ?.....................................................................................................205
Reflective Blog on ELT Professor :- Atanu Bhattacharya ....................................................................207
Then sir talk about the Three Method............................................................................................211
Then sir talk about the Five major fiction...................................................................................211
The Sense of an Ending...................................................................................................................213
* About the Author :-..................................................................................................................214
Powerful Tools for Teaching and Learning Web 2.0 Tools .............................................................217
* What is Web 2.0 Tools :- ..........................................................................................................217
Sem :- 1 Thinking Activity
Thinking Activity Dr. Faustus
1.The Play director by Matthew Dunster for globe
theater ends with this scene...What does it signify?

Thinking Activity
ANS: Dr Faustus repenting from the depth of his heart....we
can say that the tragedy of life is in what dies inside a man
while he lives it means at the end of play Dr.faustus realized
that he chose a wrong path and at the end by his grief he
indirectly dies inside and because of that fall dr.faustus,lucifer
feel his great triumphal
2. Is God present in the play? If yes, where & how? If
No why?
ANS: no there is n0o god in the play.because god given us
multiple choices and then rest on us that weather we choose
good or bed way for our aim.and we have to ready whatever
result it may has.In the play dr.faustus chose his own way of
getting knowledge and fame.
3. What reading & interpretation can be given to this
image with reference to central theme of the Doctor
Faustus?

Thinking Activity
ANS: Greek myth of lcaru,a son whose father daeduls give
wings to him.wings which is made by besswex but lcarus
forget that truth ND flew closer and closer to the sun and
cause of it his wings melt and he fall down on earth and died.
similarly here dr faustus fall down from his higher position of
knowledge.
4. What does the painting signify?

Thinking Activity
ANS : This image we can see that in "Greek mythology". This
image landscape with the fall of lcarus painted by pieter
bruegel. see in the image in right side down in river saw that
is icarus fall in shepherd fisher and farmer working. this
farmer is a cultivate work. This river in a boat swam.
Metaphysical poetry :
Respect sir , Dr. Dilip Barad . The lectures taken by Respect
sir, Dr.Mandaliya sir ( department of the English,s.p
university). Dr. mandaliya sir has great knowledge and very
good teaching.

Thinking Activity
what is metaphysical poetry :
The term metaphysical or metaphysics in poetry is the fruit
of renaissance tree,becoming over ripe and approaching pure
science."meta" means "beyond" and "physics" means
"physical nature". metaphysical poetry means poetry that goes
beyond the physical world of the senses and explores the
spiritual world.metaphysical poetry began early in the
jacobean age in the last stage of the age of shakespeare.
John donne was the leader and founder of the metaphysical
school of poetry.
Metaphysical poets :
 John donne
 George herbert

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 Andrew marvell
 Richard crashaw
Characteristics of metaphysical poetry :
 The metaphysical poets that we mentioned earlier is
obviously not the only poets or philosophers or writers
that deal with metaphysical questions.there are other
more specific characteristics that prompted johnson to
place the 17th century poets together.
 Metaphysical poetry is spiritual has often religious
themes.moreover,it focuses on love,as the union soul.
 Metaphysical poetry usesmetaphors,pune,paradoxes &
meter to create drama & tension.
 Metaphysical poetry uses scientific,medical,legal words
& phrases to create arguments about the philosophical
aspect of life.
 Metaphysical poets were men of high intellect.
Metaphysical poem by john donne :

Thinking Activity
The canonization is a poem by English metaphysical
poet by john donne. first published in 1633,the poem is
viewed as exemplifying donne's wit and irony.the function as
a canonization of the pair of lovers.
The speaker begs his friend not to disparage him for
loving, but to insult him for other reasons instead, or to focus
on other matters entirely. he supports his plea by asking
whether any harm has been done by his love. the speaker
describes how dramatically love affects him and his lover,
claiming that their love will live on in legend, even if they die.
thay have been "canonized by love".
My view about the movie "Hamlet" by
kenneth Branagh
I Really enjoyed the movie of "Hamlet".it is great tragedy of
that time and its give aesthetic delight while watching the
movie.

Thinking Activity
1) How faithful is the movie to the original play ?
Ans: We are watching a movie,it is very faithful than an
original play.The movie is more visualized than the original
play. In the movie the character, scene and plot very beautiful
portrayed and it is very well expresses the insecurity and
aggressive behavior of the hamlet.
2) After watching the movie, have your perception about play,
characters or situations changed ?
Ans: We are watching a movie , it is very well present the
scene,plot,setting,situation of the play.In the movie we are slip

Thinking Activity
down one scene to another scene at the starting, all are
celebrating the function at the another side hamlet saw a ghost
at the begging the claudius is introducing our feeling towards
his wife at the time he going to flash back and he is saw a
letter to the public and said that how the king hamlet is
handover whole business to me.
3) Do you feel 'aesthetic delight ' while watching the movie?
if yes, exactly when did it happen? if no, can you explain with
reasons?
Ans: Yes,I am feel 'aesthetic delight' when watching this
movie at the begging horatio and hamlet talking about it is not
right that claudius become king of denmark. the horatio said
that I know your father at the time the hamlet see a ghost. he
is following the ghost and the said that 'I am spirit of your
father'.Hamlet is see the father and he said hamlet that how
claudius is poisoned my ear.
4) Do you feel 'catharsis' while or after watching movie? if
yes, exactly when did it happen? if no, can you explain with
reasons?
Ans: yes, I am feel 'catharsis' after when ophelia and hamlet
are died.hamlet is not decided to take a revenge of his father
so he is living very peaceful life.the hamlet take wrong
decision to take revenge of his father and his error of
judgement that he is doing such kind of think it is responsible
of his downfall. at the end everyone praises hamlet but at the
end the fortinbras soldiers is broken down the hamlet statue.

Thinking Activity
5) Does screening of movie help you in better understanding
of the play ?
Ans: The movie is helps better understanding than the original
play because it is gives wider knowledge than the original
play.
6) Was there any particular scene or moment in the movie that
you will cherish lifetime?
Ans: No,i don't think that there is any scene.
7) If you are director, what changes would you like to make in
the remaking of movie on shakespeare's 'Hamlet' ?
Ans: If I am a director of the movie of hamlet that i am
changing the begging and ending sequence because the
soldiers is broken down the status of hamlet this moment is
not right according to me because he is decided to take a
revenge of his father and killed his uncle.
8) In the beginning of the movie, camera rolls over the status
of king hamlet out side the Elsinore castle.The movie ends
with the similar sequence wherein the status of the king
hamlet is hammered down to the dust. what sort of
symbolism do you read in this?
Ans: In the movie the begging and ending sequence are
similar wherein the statue of the king hamlet hammered down
to the dust. this is kenneth branagh's setting.here is suggesting
that it is not king hamlet's ambition to avenge his death

Thinking Activity
responsible for the downfall of his kingdom hamlet is not to
revenge of his father. the hamlet desire is fulfil when he killed
his uncle.
9) While studying the play through movie, which approach
do you find more applicable to the play?why?give reasons
with illustrations.
Ans: I think psychological approach is more applicable to the
play. hamlet live a simple life before his father's death after
his father death every time he think that why my mother
marry with my uncle?and he saw ghost of his father and his
father told him about his death so hamlet know ever think
about his mother and his uncle,now hamlet decide to take
revenge of his father's death.
10) Which of the above mentioned approaches(in pre-viewing
task) appeals you more than other?why?give reasons.
Ans: I think that here is textual approach is more appropriate
than the any other approaches in the pre-view task because
one said that the text is best source of own study and text is
give the knowledge about the character,writer,society and text
is best source is evaluate the work.so I am said that textual
approach is more appropriate than other approaches.
Thank you sir, to sharing wonderful movie of the
"Hamlet".

Thinking Activity
Post truth Thinking Activity
 post truth is a new word for me.The oxford dictionaries
word of the year 2016 is 'post truth'.
 The oxford dictionaries word of the year 2016 is a post-
truth -an adjective defined as 'relating to or denoting
circumstances in which objective facts are less influential
in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and
personal belief '.
 post-truth has gone from being a peripheral term to being
a mainstay in political commentary, now often being
used by major publications without the need for
clarification or definition in their headlines.
 oxford dictionaries says post-truth is thought to have
been first used in 1992.
 Example: sometimes people disagree with some rules
and regulations.That's why they commentson this
condition.they shares their disagreement with another
person. and finally it becomes large movement.

Thinking Activity
Thinking Activity Edmund Spenser
Edmund Spenser was born in 1552 London.
Edmund Spenser was probably the son of john Spenser. as a
young boy, he was educated in London at the merchant
taylors' school and matriculated as a Sizar at Pembroke
college, Cambridge. while at Cambridge he became a friend
of Gabriel Harvey and later consulted him, despite their
differing views on poetry.
In july 1580, Spenser went to Ireland in service of
the newly appointed lord deputy, Arthur grey, 14th baron de
wilton. some time between 1587 and 1589, spenser acquired
his main estate at kilcolman, near doneraile in north cork.
In 1590, Spenser brought out the first three books of
his most famous work, the faerie queene, having travelled to

Thinking Activity
London to publish and promote the work, with the likely
assistance of Raleigh.
Spenser's first wife had died, and in that year he
married Elizabeth Boyle, who was much younger than him,
possible his native county.in 1596, Spenser wrote a prose
pamphlet titled a view of the present state of Ireland.in 1598,
during the nine years war, Spenser was driven from his home
by the native irish forces of Aodh o Neill. his castle
at kilcolman was burned, and ben Jonson, who may have had
private information, asserted that one of his infant children
died in the blaze.
In the year after being driven from his home, 1599,
Spenser travelled to London, where he died at the age of
forty-six "for want of bread", according to ben Jonson one of
Jonson's more doubtful statements, since Spenser had a
payment to him Authorised by the government and was due
his pension. his second wife survived him and remarried
twice. his sister Sarah, who had accompanied him to Ireland,
married into the travers family, and her descendants were
prominent landowners in cork for centuries.
Minor poem :
Next to his masterpiece the Shepherd's
calendar ( 1579 ) is the best known for Spenser's poem. It
consists of twelve pastoral poem.
His theme of writing are generally rural life,
nature, love in the field.

Thinking Activity
Other noteworthy poems are " Mother Hubbard's
tale" a satire on society. "Astrophel" an elegy on the death
of Sidney , the marriage hymn " Epithalamion " and
four "Hymns " on love, beauty, heavenly love and heavenly
beauty.
Characteristics of his poetry :
1. A perfect melody.
2. A rare sense of beauty.
3. A splendid imagination.
4. A lofty moral purity and seriousness.
5. A delicate idealism.
Because of his contribution in English literature we can
say that in true manner he is poet of poet.
Thinking Activity Dryden’s Essay

Thinking Activity
Q-1) Do You Find any difference between Aristotle's
definition of tragedy and Dryden's definition of play?
Ans :- Yes there is vast difference between Aristotle's
definition of tragedy and Dryden's definition of the play.
Definition of tragedy :-
"Tragedy, then, is an imitation of an action that is
serious, complete, and of a certain magnitude; in the language
embellished with each kind of artistic ornament, the several
kinds being found in separate parts of the play; in the form of
action, not of narrative; though pity and fear effecting the
proper purgation-catharsis of these and similar emotions".

Thinking Activity
Definition of play :-
just and lively image of human nature,
representing its passions and humors, and the changes of
fortune to which it is subject, for the delight and instruction of
mankind. it is not slavish imitation, but imaginative creation
that Dryden means by 'just' and 'lively' image of human
nature.
Q 2) If you are supposed to give your personal prediction,
would you be on the side of the Ancient or the modern?
Ans :- This question is as-who comes first chicken or egg ? it
is really hard to take side of any one, because 'nobody is better
in one or another way they are better in their own way'.
ancients established the three unities. ancients haven't any
models before them but in the side of modern they are
standing on the shoulders of ancient. moderns are following
classical and neo- classicals. both have their own limitations
like in ancient tragedians are separate from comedians
whereas in moderns same person can rome between tragedy
and comedy also ancients were also did not follow their own
views like three unities etc.
Q-3) Do you think that the arguments presented in favor
of the French plays and against English plays are
appropriate?

Thinking Activity
Ans :- yes I think the arguments presented in favor of the
English play against French plays are appropriate because, in
English play with 3 unity emotion, seriousness have come the
play have the subplot.
Q-4) What would be your preference so far as apoetic or
prosaic dialogues are concerned in the play?
Ans :- I like poetry because dialogues of poetry are
psychological and gives better understanding of human nature
and the work of human mind. but it is also true that poetic
language is hard to understand, for illiterate also and prosaic
dialogues are easy to understand by every people.
Thank you

Thinking Activity
"preface to Lyrical Ballads" by William
Wordsworth's"
William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 - 23 April
1850) was a major English romantic poet who, with Samuel
Taylor Coleridge, helped to launch the romantic age in
English literature with their joint publication lyrical ballads
(1798) . the year 1793 saw the first publication of poems by
Wordsworth, in the collections an evening walk and
descriptive sketches. in 1795 he received a legacy of 900
pounds from Raisley calvert and became able to pursue a
career as a poet.

Thinking Activity
1) what is the basic difference between the poitic creed of
'Classicism' and 'Romanticism'?
Ans:- Romanticism and classicism they are two different
ideologies or 'school of thought'. and given idea about
dominance of certain things. difference between classicism
and romanticism is that classicism put out restrictions,
whereas romanticism believes in liberty. classicism
presents urban life, whereas romanticism presents rural life.
classicism believe on subjectivity and romanticism believes in
objectivity. classicism is about intellectual and romanticism is
about imagination. in classicism aesthetic attitude and
principals manifested in the art architecture and literature if
ancient Greece and Rome and characterized by emphasis on
form simplicity proportion and restraint. romanticism was an
artistic literary musical and intellectual movement that
originated in Europe towards the end of 18th century.
2)why does Wordsworth say 'what' is poet?" Rather who is
poet?
Ans:- A poet is man speaking to man, a man, it is true, endued
with more lively sensibility, more enthusiasm and tenderness.
Wordsworth has greater knowledge of human nature through
the emotions like observation, heightened. he also uses
platonic, more comprehensive soul.
3) What is poetic diction? which sort of poetic diction is
suggested by Wordsworth in his preface?
Ans:- poetic diction means 'choice of word'- unique style of
authors that he or she choose his or her own language, which

Thinking Activity
is understood by rustic people; who closure to reality and
more genuineness the language should be natural not
ornamental. Wordsworth's argument is that he is interested in
writing poems in lyrical ballads. and the language "as really
used by men". Wordsworth also answers to Coleridge that he
finds humble and rustic life, a men who closer to reality or
more genuineness. Wordsworth preferred rustic men rather
than city dwells.
4) what is poetry?
Ans:- "poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful
feelings it takes origin from emotion recollected in
tranquility." poetry is to teach moral lesson with a feeling of
delight. it is to give instruction and delight by connecting
people with the poet and his imagination.
5) Discuss 'Daffodils - I wandered lonely as a cloud' with
reference to Wordsworth's poetic creed....
Ans:- "I wandered as a lonely cloud....."
Daffodils is the best example of
Wordsworth's definition of poetry "poetry is a spontaneous
overflow of a powerful feeling, recollected in tranquility".
many times, we capture beauty of nature by our eyes, but we
cannot recollect and express that delight in tranquility.
Wordsworth does this amazingly. he enjoys the nature and
represents it beautifully. we can say nature is at its best in this
poetry. delight of a particular moment and it's memory are
represented all together.
Thank you

Thinking Activity
Coleridge's Biographia Literaria -
Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
Samuel Taylor Coleridge (21 October 1772 -
25 July 1834) was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher
and theologian who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was
a founder of the romantic movement in England and a
member of the lake poets. he wrote the poems the rime of the
ancient mariner and "Kubla khan", as well as the major prose
work Biographia literaria. his critical work, especially on

Thinking Activity
William Shakespeare, was highly influential, and he helped
introduce German idealist philosophy to English- speaking
culture. Coleridge coined many familiar words and phrases,
including suspension of disbelief. he had a major influence on
ralph Waldo Emerson and on American transcendentalism.
Q-1) Write in your words the difference between poem and
prose.
Ans:- it is differentiate between poem and prose. we can see
that metre or rhyme or both is used in a poem. but they are not
used in prose composition. Poem's purpose is the
communication of pleasure.But prose's purpose is the
communication of truth . A poem must be an organic unity.
But a poem can not please us if there is no organic unity.The
main aim of poetry is to give pleasure.The language of poem
is highly ornamental and complexity of words. While in the
prose, the language is very simple and we do not find a use of
rhyme and meter like poem. Prose has natural form of writing
. It is very simple. In poem, it has structured form and also it
is decorated by the poet. Poetry express ideas and feelings in
few words which are more attractive and prose express ideas
and feelings with lots of words. And sometimes , they are not
more attractive as poetry has.

Thinking Activity

Thinking Activity
Q-2) Write in your words the difference between poem and
poetry.
Ans:- both of them use words. so there is no difference
between a poem and a prose composition. in this respect,
Coleridge says -" a poem contains the same elements as a
prose composition." but one difference is to be noticed here.
metre or rhyme or both is used in a poem. but they are not
used in prose composition.
One is a specific instance of the other.Means Poem is a
specific instance of poetry.Poetry is a kind of tree and poem is
one branch of these tree. It's all depended on imagination.
*IMAGINATION : 'CREATING AND RECREATING
KNOWN AND SEEN IMAGES.'
There are two types of imagination.
1] primary imagination
⇝ Uniting the objects of sense.
2] secondary imagination
⇝ Unifying the objects of sense with emotions and feelings.
POETRY IS :
-Distinction resulting from the poetic genius itself, which
sustains and modifies the images, thoughts, and emotions of
the poet's own mind,
-The best words in their best order ,
-Activity of poets mind

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- eg. 1] Steve jobs -I PHONE
2] RIGHT BROTHER,S AIRPLANE
Both things are apt for example of poetry.Poetry is
imagination of poet in which he added something and
harmonies it.
poem:
-is merely one of the forms of poet's expression
Poem is only imagination of post.
Ordinary poets can only wrote poems by their primary
imaginations,whereas extra ordinary poets can write poetry
and there for they need secondary imagination.And it is
necessary in them.
Thank you
Aristotle's poetics

Thinking Activity
Q-1) How far do you agree with Plato’s objection to freedom
of expression and artistic liberty enjoyed by creative writers?
Name the texts (novels, plays, poems, movies, TV soaps etc
which can be rightfully objected and banned with reference to
Plato’s objections)
Ans :- I agree with Plato's objection to freedom of expression
and artistic liberty enjoyed by creative writers. because
literature should give a mirror-image of life it should reflect
real life incidents in itself. creative writers took itto another
level and by freedom of expression and artistic liberty writer
started writing the things which is only possible in
imaginative world and not real life. Nowadays a TV show
PORUS is going on. In which the story of Puru is narrated but
there are so many imaginative parts given. Like his life as a
tribal people in childhood and then as king and the war

Thinking Activity
between him and Alexander and many such things are not
acceptable if we considere the real life story of maharaja
Purshottam.
Q-2) With reference to the literary texts you have studied
during B.A. programme, write brief note on the texts which
followed Aristotelian literary tradition (i.e. his concept of
tragedy, catharsis, tragic hero with hamartia etc)
Ans :- As we know that aristotalian thought holds that poetry
is an imitation of what is possible in real life and that tragedy,
by imitation of a serious action cast in dramatic form. I have
one play which is based on aristotalian literary tradition that is
" All my sons". In the play journeys the key contact of
Catharsis through the intricate character of joe keller. Our
tragic hero and his hubris flaw. And also the concept of
hamartia At the end of the act one becomes pivotal in the role
of experiencing catharsis . In the last there is a phone call
from George, anne's brother. Chris tell joe the news of his
engagement to anne. But joe is preoccupied with the phone
call. He is afraid , George will want to open up his father's
case again.
Q-3) With reference to the literary texts you have studies
during B.A. programme, write brief note on the texts which
did NOT follow Aristotelian literary tradition. (i.e. his concept
of tragedy, catharsis, tragic hero with hamartia etc.)
Ans:- Othello is a famous play, it was written by Shakespeare.
Othello is a protagonist of this play. this play full of tragic and
Othello life is very tragic full. In this play Othello suffers.
Othello is action man. we can find catharsis in Othello

Thinking Activity
because he fill pity for his situation. He sudden action and kill
his wife. he know the reality after he was very afsiad.
Q-4) Have you studied any tragedies during B.A. programme?
Who was/were the tragic protagonist/s in those tragedies?
What was their ‘hamartia’?
Ans :- In the play 'GHASIRAM KOTWAL' by VIJAY
TENDULKAR , we can find Ghashiram as a tragic hero, his
desire of power and take revenge from NANA leads him
towards his tragic flow or doom.
Q-5) Did the ‘Plot’ of those tragedies follow necessary rules
and regulations proposed by Aristotle? (Like chain of cause
and effect, principle of probability and necessity, harmonious
arrangement of incidents, complete, certain magnitude, unity
of action etc)
Ans:- . Yes, according to me the plot of this tragedies
followed Aristotle's necessary rules and regulations.
Thank you
Robinson Crusoe

Thinking Activity
Film screening of Robinson Crusoe
'Robinson Crusoe' is very adventure story with
interested novel. This novel written by Daniel Defoe in 18th
century. It was published in 1719. In this novel chief character
of Robinson Crusoe. This novel about the survival of
Robinson Crusoe in a unknown island. So let's discussion
about some notable points in the movie and novel.
The story of Robinson Crusoe that has delighted the
young, and the old for that matter, for over two hundred years
was actually based on an experience in the life of a seaman,
Alexander Selkrik, who spent four years on the deserted
Island of Juan Fernandez.
Most of the dialogues and scenes are covered in the
film. Robinson Crusoe, a third son with few prospects, goes to
sea against his father's wishes. On a voyage from Brazil to

Thinking Activity
Africa to collect slaves, a storm forces him to abandon ship.
He swims alone to a deserted Island somewhere in the
Atlantic Ocean on September 30,1659.
To his delight, the abandoned ship turns up on an
offshore rock, allowing him to salvage food, tools, firearms
and other items before it sinks. He herds goats, hunts game,
makes clothes, and builds a home with only the company of a
dog, rex, and a cat.
After 18 years, Crusoe discoveres that cannibals are
visiting his Island with their victims. The next time he spots
them with his telescope, he sees a prisoner make a break for
it, pursued by two cannibals. He knocks out one and shoots
the other; when the first one ragains consciousness, the escape
kills him with Crusoe's knife. Crusoe takes the man back to
his stockade.

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He names him Friday. Crusoe teaches him English
and Western customs and turns Friday into a servant. Crusoe
does not trust him at first, believing Friday to also be a
cannibal who would kill him if given the chance. He builds a
door to the cave in which he takes to sleeping. When Friday
enters without permission late one night to get an axe, Crusoe
puts leg irons on him. The next day, however, Crusoe relents
and takes them off. He comes to trust his new companion
completely.
After 28 years, Friday saves Crusoe's life from a
cannibal sneaking up behind him. Seeing a large group, they
flee back to their stockade. The cannibals, however, are driven
off by white men with guns. Captain Oberzo and his bosun are
the victims of a mutiny ; the mutineers have landed to get
fresh water and to maroom the two,Crusoe and Friday rescue
the men and get away undetected.
Crusoe leaves for home with Friday, having spent
28 years, two months, and 19 days on the Island. As they row
for the ship, Crusoe imagines he can hear his dog, rex, barking
in the distance.

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Conclusion:
Thus, The novel and film both are interesting
but film also clear to some difficulties to understand about
character of Robinson Crusoe and Friday, Background of
Island and there were lifestyle.
Thank you
Big shorts - for indian of tomorrow
1) In Defence of Freedom: A Film by Nandita Das
Ans :- in the first video, in defense of freedom the theme is
the reflact reality of society but the society which is narrow-
minded is not accept the truth and example is man goes away
from class and said that "kuch bhi bol rahe ho" and what
manto said that in is "jo chij jesi he use vesi hi pesh kyu na
kiya jaye" that manto reflect the real society he writes the
miner truth which is the actual reality.

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2) Second video :- the Redcliffe line
Ans :- one lawyer name is sir Cyril who drew a line to divide
indian and Pakistan. he said that yes, that's what it is... this
bloody line and that bloody line divide 1 heart become 2 he
never aspect that he drew a line but "till today this line makes
us bleed"
Thinking activity on T.p. kailasam
Respected mam,
Here I am talking on my views on your task.
1). Write something about your favourite teacher. give some
reason for it.

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Ans :- Here I am going to talk about my one of favourite
teacher. when 10th in my school there is a English teacher. we
call him Mahul bhal.
very honest and good natured man. he taught us English
in easy manner that we understand it easily properly. he never
pressure on us that make your assignment and complete the
books yet all students do it on time. he also aware us about the
current situation, confusion and our problems. all are enjoying
to learning English during sir's lecture.
2).How are you as student? think and write.
Ans :- As a student I am very nervous, silent and introvert
person. I am very serious about study. and also I am very
ambitious for good marks. I would like to help other students.
I am not very sincere student but I like to learn new things. I
also likes to writing and also reading. I likes adventure stories
and suspense stories.
3). What is difference between the education system in past
and today's time? take help of your parents to write this.

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Ans :- Education system in past time -
 It was bad condition for education.
 That time government do not provide good facilities for
students.
 No computers and no technology.
 Government schools condition were very bad.
 Most of the students were economically poor.
Modren time education system -

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 Today's time education system not so good but better
than past time.
 Now a days government provides good facilities for
students like library, book, computer etc...
 Easy to get information.

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Matthew Arnold
 Matthew Arnold born 24 December 1822 and death 15
April 1888 was an English poet and cultural critic who
worked as an inspector of schools. He was the son of
Thomas Arnold, the famed headmaster of rugby school,
and brother to both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and
William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial
administrator. Matthew Arnold has been characterised as
a sage writer, a type of writer who chastises and insructs
the reader on contemporary social issues. Matthew
Arnold the Victorian poet and critic. he was first modern

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critic who gave his contribution in new criticism. he was
not only great poet but also literary critic.his most
famous essay is "The study poetry", it has published in
1880.
Q-1) Write about one idea of Matthew Arnold which
you found interesting and relevant in our
times.
Ans :- I find the most relevant think in our times is "
criticism of life". Arnold asserts that literature, and
especially poetry, is "criticism of life". in poetry, this
criticism of life must conform to the laws of poetic truth
and poetic beauty. truth and seriousness of matter,
felicity and perfection of diction and manner, as are
exhibited in the best poets, are what constitutes a
criticism of
life.
Q-2) Write about one idea of Matthew Arnold which you
found out-of-date and irrelevant in our times.
Ans :- Matthew Arnold's Touchstone method is out of date
and irrelevant in our present time. because touchstone method
is comparative method of study. this method is comparison
ans analysis as two primary tools for judging individual poet.
it means we can not give our interpretation and judgement to
other works, because we can not compare their work with
other work for example if we compare two things. many other
things. we can not judge both mobile with Touchstone
method, because every one have a specialty as well as
literature we can not give our interpretation and judgement to
compare with other work, because we can not compare every
one have their own interpretation and views towards their

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work.so the idea of Touchstone method is irrelevant in our
time.
Thinking Activity On T.S.Eliot : Tradition
and Individual Talent
Thomas Stearns Eliot, (26 September 1888 - 4 January 1965),
"one of the twentieth century's major poets" was also an
essayist, publisher, playwright, and literary and social critic.
born in st.Louis, Missouri, in the United states, to a prominent
Boston Brahmin family, he moved to England in 1914 at the
age of 25, settling, working, and marrying there. he became a
British subject in 1927 at the age of 39, renouncing his
American passport.

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Q-1) HOW Would you like to explain Eliot's concept of
Tradition? Do you agree with it?
ANS:- Yes, I'm agree with the Eliot's views. He point out the
tradition as that the tradition is matter of much wider
significance. it cannot be inherited, you must obtained it by
great labour. Talent has no connections with the inhabitants,
we have to work hard to catch the talent.
Being a part of tradition we have to do great labour, it
involves historical sense which involves appreciation not only
of the Pastness of past but also it's presence.
Q-2) What do you understand by Historical sense?
ANS:-
 " The historical sense involves a perception, not only of
the Pastness of the past, but of its presence"
 This historical sense, which is a sense of the timeless as
well as of the temporal and of the timeless and of the
temporal together, is what makes a writer traditional.
 Eliot concept of historical sense is a dynamic one and not
static, and is forever in a state of flux. the historical sense
enables a writer to write not only his own generation in
mind, but from past to present with continuity of

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tradition. historical sense a sense of timeless and
temporal, for example, in indian context ram and krishna
alive in our life.
Q-3) What is the relationship between
"tradition" and "the individual talent,"
according to the poet T.S Eliot ?
ANS:-
For Eliot tradition and individual talent an existing
does not cut itself from the tradition , we have to work in an
interdisciplinary kind of a manner . In answer of that how
individual talent associated with tradition he is says that .......
Individual talent does not cut itself away from the tradition for
eliot Tradition is already existing monument and individual
talent can only marginally and a bir , extend it a bit . Tradition
and individual talent they both go together . It can be separate
.
Q-4) Explain: "some can absorb knowledge, the
more tardy must sweat for it. Shakespeare acquired
more essential history from Plutarch than most men
could from the whole British museum".

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ANS:- Eliot's concept about of tradition and individual talent,
here we can see that how Eliot associate with tradition. he
gave general dictionary meaning of tradition. there is conflict
between traditional and Morden. Morden automatically
becomes good and traditional automatically becomes not so
good. it's compare with this morden writer to find in this
present work.
Q-5) Explain: "Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation
is directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry"
ANS:- " Honest criticism and sensitive appreciation is
directed not upon the poet but upon the poetry" in this line he
tried to explain that the honest criticism and the appreciation
by any critic is of the work art and not of the writer. if we like
any work of art it is the quality of that work we like, not the
poet's personality. the problems arise from that
misunderstanding and after that what happens is that the ideal
image that we have conceived in our mind is broken when we
come to know about the personal life of that poet.
Q-6) How would you like to explain Eliot's theory of
Depersonalization ? you can explain with the help of
chemical reaction in presence of catalyst agent, platinum.
ANS:- The theory of depersonalization of honest criticism and
sensitive appreciations directed not upon the poet but upon the
poetry. theory of depersonalization is chemical process.
Q-7) Explain:" poetry is not a turning loose of emotion, but
an escape from emotion; it is not the expression of
personality, but an escape from personality."

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ANS:- in above given quote Eliot again talk about
depersonalization . he says that whenever poet create
something their own self should not reflect in their creative
work. poet should learn to be aloof or detach when they create
something.Eliot says poetry is impersonal it is not for showing
one's own emotion or self it is about escape from that
emotions and self. poet's own self should not reflect in their
own poetry or work.
Q-8) Write two points on which one can write critique on "
T.S. Eliot as a critic'.
ANS:-
 Eliot's view of escape from emotion and escape from
personality.
 The idea of depersonalization that the man who suffers
and the mind which creates are different.
Pre-Task of Frankenstein...

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Frankenstein is a novel written by English
author Mary Shelley in 1797–1851 that tells the story of
Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a
hideous, sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific
experiment.
Q-1) When did you have a dream?
ANS:- I have a dream when i am age of 20

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Q-2) What did you see in your dreams?
ANS:- When i sleep and then i have seen in my dream many
horrible,strange faces , i have seen only faces not full body of
them. After seeing that kind of weird faces i feel so scared and
suddenly i awake at night. and one more horror dream i saw
that i feel insecure with fire. i saw that i was surrounded by
fire.i can't come out from that.
Q-3) Based on your dream if you are asked to create
something, what type of creation would be there?
ANS:- If i asked to create on my dream ugly faces, cruel
voice.
Q-4) The creation will be ugly or beautiful?
ANS:- my creation will be ugly and too much horrible like.
Q-5) if ugly, why ? if you beautiful, why?

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ANS:- My creation will be ugly because i have seen dream of
ghost. and ghost are always looking ugly not beautiful.
Q-6) What are you interpretation for the word 'monster'?
ANS:- As my view, for me "monster" was like his facial
appearance was not good, he was huge and terrible voice.
Q-7) Have you ever visited such kind of places which has
some connections with horror and terror ?
ANS:- no,i have not visited in horror and terror place.
For Example in horror and terror place image:

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Thank You

Thinking Activity
The Archetypes of Literature...Northrop
Frye

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Northrop Frye born in 1912 and death 1991.
Canadian literary critic, best known as a major proponent of
archetypal criticism.
in this branch of literary criticism, literature and
other art forms are seen as manifestations of universal myths
and archetypes (largely unconscious image patterns that cross
cultural boundaries).
Frye's most important work, anatomy of criticism
(1957), introduced archetypal criticism, identifying and
discussing basic archetypal patterns as found in myths,
literary genres, and the reader's imagination.
1). What is Archetypal criticism? What does the Archetypal
critic do?

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ANS:- In literary criticism the term "archetype" denotes
recurrent narratives designs, patterns of actions, character-
type,themes & images which are identifiable in a wide variety
of works of literature, as well as in myths, dreams and even
social rituals. such recurrent items are held to be the result of
elemental & universal forms or patterns in the human psyche,
whose effective embodiment in a literary work evokes a
profound response from the attentive reader, because he or she
shares the psychic archetypes expressed by the author.
2). What is Frye trying prove by giving an analogy of
"physics to nature" & "criticism to literature"?
ANS:- Here Frye trying to prove by giving an analogy of
'physics to nature' and 'criticism to literature' is that physics is
an organized body of knowledge about nature, and a student
of it says that he is learning physics, not that he is learning
nature. art, like nature, is the subject of a systematic study,
and has to be distinguished from the study itself, which is
criticism.
3). Share your views of criticism as an organised body of
knowledge. mention relation of literature with history and
philosophy.
ANS:- Criticism is as an organised body of knowledge. so it is
progressive way of literature. but literature never organised it
should free from it for the progress of literature. it definitely
deeply connected with the history and philosophy both are
important pillars of literature. the history connected with the
myths and philosophy connected with morality and ethics.
history stands for events and philosophy is stands for idea.

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4). Briefly explain indicative method with illustrations of
Shakespeare 's Hamlet 's grave digger 's scene.
ANS:- inductive method means going move further
"particular to general" in hamlet's grave Diging 's scene we
can deals with inductive method like, hamlet looks at the
Yorick 's skull, then fights with laertes due to Ophelia 's death
and Hamlet 's confesses his love for Ophelia.
5). Briefly explain deductive method with reference to an
analogy to music, painting, rhythm and pattern. give
examples of the outcome of deductive method.
ANS:- now about deductive method means from general to
particular.
 Time - past , present or future
 space
A) music in time and painting in space

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B) music has rhythm and painting has pattern
C) rhythm comes from nature like winter, summer etc..
D) pattern comes from symbols
Example :- red rose is symbol of love and sun rising is symbol
of hope in each and every world of literature.
and for that deductive method it means based on
logical or reasonable deduction. the music, painting , rhythm
and pattern there are all art may be conceived both temporally
and speatially. the rhythm of music and the pattern of painting
; but later, to show off our sophistication, we may be
conceived both temporally and spatially. the score of musical
composition may be studied all at once ;a picture may be seen
as the track of an intricate dance of the eye. literature seems to
be intermediate between music and painting; its words form
rhythms which approach a musical sequence of sound at one
of its boundaries and form patterns which approach the
hieroglyphic or pictorial image at the other.
6) Refer to the Indian seasonal grid (below). if you can,
please read small Gujarati or Hindi or English poem from
the archetypal approach and apply Indian Seasonal grid in
the interpretation.
ANS:-

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Moreover i would like to share one Gujarati
poem. this poem interpretation bout Indian season of
monsoon. in this poem, poet used archetype character like as,
peacock, cloud, sky...etc. he also talked about waiting for
season monsoon.

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Thank you

Thinking Activity
Thinking Activity On Structuralism and
Literary Criticism....
Gerard Genette ( born 1930) is a French literary theorist,
associated in particular with the structuralist movement. his
best known in English through the section,"Narrative
discourse : an essay on method".
 in literary theory, structuralism is an approach to
analyzing the narrative material by examining the
underlying invariant structure. for example, a literary
critic applying a structuralist literary theory might say
that the authors of west side story did not write anything
"really" new, because their work has the same structure
as Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet.
Q-1) Being a structuralist critic, how would you analyse
literary text or TV serial or Film? you can select any image

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or TV serial or Film or literary text or advertisement. apply
structuralist method and post your write up on your blog.
give link of that blog-post in the comment section under this
blog.
ANS:- in literary theory structuralism is an approach to
Analysing the narrative material by examining the underlying
invariant structure. structuralist critic find same structure in
many literary work in same way we found many same
structure in movies, serial and Advertisment. we find in some
literary work there where same structure repeat several time.
Click in this link here analyse one advertisement in "Arial"
https://youtu.be/wJukf4ifuKs

Thinking Activity
it is not just advertisement of "Ariel" but in this
advertisement we find very brif idea about equality of man
and women.so i think structure of this advertisement is good.
In this advertisement we can see feminism structure
of our society. man and woman both are going out side to
work for money but very few theme are share burden of
housework. 'gender inequalities rooted' in not only our social
structure but also in our mentality. i'm just saying that if man
go out side for making money then wife do cooking,
cleaning,laundry everything, both are making money than
why they are not share all there responsibility?
Q-2) Significance of 'FIRE' and 'ICE' in the both poems :
1) Fire and Ice by Robert Frost and 2) Ice and Fire by
Edmund Spenser.
ANS:-

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1) Fire and Ice by Robert Frost:

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2) Ice and Fire by Edmund Spenser:
so in this both of poem their are common thing told
which is fir and ice and we can see this thing as many ways
like fire is a symbol of passion and ice is a symbol of careless.
also fire and ice is symbol of the seasons of summer and
winter. Also one is a symbol of anger and another is symbol
of calmness.
There is another thing is both are dangerous. both have
strength burn the thing and make anything lifeless. so they
can't go together as this thing shows in this poems that in
presence of fire ice cant't dissolves and in the presence of ice
make fire more heatable.

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Thank you
I.A.Richard : Figurative Language
Ivor Armstrong Richards born 26 February
1893 and death 7 September 1979. I.A.Richards, was an
English educator, literary critic, and rhetorician whose work
contributed to the foundations of the new criticism, a formalist
movement in literary theory, which emphasized the close
reading of a literary text, especially poetry, in an effort to
discover how a work of literature functions as a self-
contained, self-referential aesthetic object.
Ivor Armstrong Richards is pioneer in the
domain of new criticism.

Thinking Activity
His most famous works:
1) The meaning of meaning
2) The principles of literary criticism
3) The practical criticism
Here i discuss about practice criticism or Figurative
language.
A) Four kinds of meaning
B) Two uses of language
C) on simile, metaphor, symbol
I applied his theory on this poem
મારી આંખે કંકુના સૂરજ આથ યા ….
મારી વે’લ શંગારો વીરા, શગને સંકોરો
રે અજવાળાં પહેરીને ઊભા વાસ!
પીળે રે પાંદે લીલા ઘોડા ડૂ યા;
ડૂ યાં અલકાતાં રાજ, ડૂ યાં મલકાતાં કાજ
રે હણહણતી મ સાંભળી સુવાસ!
મને રોકે પંછાયો એક ચોકમાં;

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અડધા બોલે ઝા યો; અડધો ઝાંઝરથી ઝા યો
મને વાગે સ વી હળવાશ!
– રાવ પટેલ
When we read word by word this
poem there are not get proper meaning in the
poem. so this poem very problematic to read
word by word. another thing is that poet used
effective and figurative language like as, 'kanku',
'vahel', 'shag', anjvala'...etc. may be, post used
this all this word connected with death and
marriage because when people died during that
time used all that thing as same as marriage
time. but i can't say this is proper interpretation
of poem. here poet used archetypes things
symbolically. thus, i have say that we
automatically put in difficultly to understand the
concept of poem.
Thank You

Thinking Activity
Word Meaning of different languages
(1) Improvement :-
German :- verbesserung
Irish :- feabhsu
Italian :- miglioramento
Latin :- melius
Greek :- veltiosi
(2) Skills :-
French :- competence
Finnish :- taito
Greek :- epidexiotita
Italian :- abilita
Spanish :- habilidad
(3) Democracy :-
Danish :- demokrati

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Dutch :- democratie
German :- demokratie
Irish :- daonlathas
Polish :- demokracja
(4) Empowerment :-
Danish :- bemyndige
Estonian :- volitama
French :- habiliter
Greek :- exousiodoto
Arabic :- tamkin
(5) Revolution :-
Albanian :- revolucion
Dutch :- revolutie
Finnish :- vallankumous
Greek :- epanastasi
Italian :- rivoluzione
Thank you

Thinking Activity
Thinking Activity :
Identify the "Modernist", "Symbols",
"Imagery" and "Metaphors"..... from the
poems.

Thinking Activity
* Meaning of Modernism :-
Modernism is both a philosophical movement and
an art movement that, along with cultural trends and changes,
arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in
western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
among the factors that shaped modernism were the
development of modern industrial society and the rapid
growth of cities, followed then by reactions of horror to world
war 1. modernism also rejected the certainty of enlightenment
thinking, and many modernists rejected religious belief.
Modernism is a period in literary history which
started around the early 1900s and continued until the
early 1940s. Modernist writers in general rebelled
against clear-cut storytelling and formulaic verse from
the 19th century. Instead, many of them told fragmented
stories which reflected the fragmented state of
society during and after World War I.
Many Modernists wrote in free verse
and they included many countries and cultures in their
poems. Some wrote using numerous points-of-view or
even used a “stream-of-consciousness” style. These
writing styles further demonstrate the way the scattered
state of society affected the work of writes at that time.
* Characteristics of Modern Age :
 Classical allusion
 free verse
 Dislocation of meaning
 Loss of faith

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 Rejection of old norms
 Meaninglessness
 influence of Marxism
 Art of life sake
 Breakdown of social norms
* Very short Modernist poem :-
1) "The Embankment" - T. E. Hulme
Once, in finesse of fiddles found i ecstasy,
In a flash of gold heels on the hard pavement.
Now see I
That Warmth's the very stuff of poesy.
Oh, God, make small
The old star-eaten blanket of the sky,
That I may fold it round me and in comfort lie.
T.E. Hulme was influential poet and thinker in
twentieth century.The first Modern English poem. If we most
readily associate ‘modern poetry’ with brevity, precision of
language, understatement, unrhymed verse, written about
everyday and often very ordinary things, then we owe many
of those associations to T. E. Hulme. this poem available on
internet says: Fallen Gentleman reflects on his pas and how he
found pleasure in worldly social activities such as musical
gathering and dances. here "Flash of gold heels" represents
the beautiful women and "hard pavement" represents the hard
and rough side of the society. but the darker side of this
phrase "flash of gold heels with hard pavement" is though she
is beautiful but she is prostitute as well.
2) "Darkness" - Joseph Campbell

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Darkness
I Stop to watch a star shine
in the boghole -
A star no longer, but a silver
ribbon of light.
I look at it and pass on.
In this poem poet talks about the night scene and the
importance of stars in the dark sky. Poetry doesn't come much
more understated than this. This poem has completed into
only 4 lines. According to my point of view I get some thing
from title. Darkness also connected with death and something
happening bad. Here I can say that Speaker will feel
depression. As a part of depression Speaker face mental
illness so that speaker don't like to see shining of stars but
likes to see light. So that I have to say that this sky may be
gives the feeling of boghole.
3) "Image" - Edward Storer
Forsaken lovers,
Burning to Achaste white moon
Upon strange pyres of loneliness
and

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drought.
The dictionary meaning of "forsaken" is" to give
up". Poet is describing here the condition of forsaken lovers.
Generally in love both gets calmness through the light of
moon. But for them who are forsaken, moon light is like a
burning chaste. And it seems that lovers are burning on pyres
of lonliness and drought not of wood.
4) "In a station of the metro" - Ezra pound
The apparition of these faces in
the crowd;
petals on a wet, black bough
This poem is about the hasty life style of modern
working people in urban area not in rural, who are so busy in
their routines that they are in crowd but can't notice eachother,
its like loneliness in crowd as in above poem, image of petals
on a wet blake bough suggest that the people are together
though they are alone and don't have their individual identity
in crowd.
5) "The pool" - Hilda Doolittle

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Are you alive?
I touch you
You quiver trembling like a sea-fish
I cover you with my net
What are you-banded one?
Whenever we hear the word "pool" then there
is only one thing came in our mind and that is a place where
we can swim or have fun. but here we can relate "sea fish"
with T.S Eliot "The Wasteland" in which he discussed about
the unreal cities like "London".
6) "Insouciance"- Richard Aldington
In and out of the dreary trenches
Trudging cheerily under the stars
I make for myself little poems
Delicate as a flock of doves
They fly away like white-winged
Doves.
This poem shows the carelessness of people, its
also seems like war poem and poet talks about life of soldier
as Ajit said earlier in his blog. the metaphor like 'dreary
trenches', 'flock of doves' and 'white winged dove' etc used by
poet to express his though about lifestyle of people that how
they are unaware and don't have any exitement but still they
are going on to live their life.
7) Morning at the Window - T.S.Eliot

Thinking Activity
They are rattling breakfast plates in
basement kitchens,
and along the trampled edges of the
street
i am aware of the damp souls of
housemaid
sprouting despondently at area gates.
The brown waves of fog toss up to me
twisted faces from the bottom of the
street,
and tear from a passer-by with
muddy skirts
an aimless smile that hovers in the
air
and vanishes along the level of the
roofs.
This poem written in London, shortly after the
outbreak WWI. In the poem context that may be lurk behind
the poem's dark, oppressive images of everyday life. it is an
rhymed poem according to my opinion speaker watched
terrible sight out side from the window at early morning. they
have not good clothe. this poem has completed into 9 lines.
8) The Red Wheelbarrow - William Carlos Williams
So much depends
upon
a red wheel
barrow

Thinking Activity
glazed with rain
water
beside the white
chicken.
Here we can say that poet used the word
"wheel", "rain","water" and white chicken. the dictionary
meaning of wheel borrows is a small, one wheeled cart with
handles at one end for transporting small loads.it is like
bullock cart but bullock cart is pushed by bull but wheel
borrow may be pushed by man for transporting little goods
and luggage's. so we can say that it is a poem about the
sacrifice of a younger one in this modern age.
9) Anecdote of the jar - Wallace Stevens

Thinking Activity
The poem as suggest talks about jar compare
with the state "Tennessee" in America, Which suggests its
independence that poet placed jar upon hills its tall and its
dominion in that area, so its about that state.
10) "I" by E.E. Cummings
"I"
"I (A ...(A leaf falls on loneliness)
I (A
Ie
af
fa
II
S)
One
I
Iness"
The poem seems like confusing at first sight but
when we carefully read it is line that 'a leaf falls on
loneliness', when we look at the modernist structure to write a
poem it also look like leaf falls down, it also suggest the
feelings or dreams of people after wars that are broken in
small pieces. it also suggest the disconnection with nature as
science developed in modern age. fall suggest many that fall
of civilization and loss of hope for betterment is no longer.
THANK YOU

Thinking Activity
Thinking Activity
The Scarlet Letter And Movie Kya Kehna

Thinking Activity
Q-1) What are the names of the protagonists in both the works
?
Ans :- in the "The Scarlet Letter" novel character is Hester
and "Kya Kehna" movie character is Priya.
Q-2) Write their story in brief.
Ans :- "Kya Kehna" movie is a Indian Hindi Film directed by
Kundan shah. "Kya kehna" film dealt with the Priya issue of
pre-marital pregnancy and the views of Society. priya
character of same play as a roll on the novel "The Scarlet
Letter" character Hester. how as a woman faced struggle of
Society it's clearly describe here.

Thinking Activity
"The Scarlet Letter" was historical fiction by
American writer Nathanniel Hawthorne. the novel concern
some characters like, Hester, pearl, roger chillingworth, and
Arthur Dimmesdale. the novel leads by Hester. Hester is a
beautiful young lady. she Husband missing for over years then
she become mother of pearl without marriage of anybody that
society announced. the end novel Dimmesdale climbs on the
scaffold and also confesses everybody of his guilty.

Thinking Activity
Q-3) What is the role played by society in Hester's life?
Ans :- Hester become pregnant. society came to know about
Hester's pregnancy they misbehaved with her. they gave
punishment to Hester. Hester faced so many problem after
becoming pregnant.
Q-4) What is the role played by society in Priya's life?
Ans :- Priya became pregnant your father tried to convince
priya for abortion. but priya not convince to abortion. priya
wanted to give birth to her child. then her parents ready to
except to priya with her pregnancy. then priya decided to
study further. she faced so many problem. priya go to collage
her best friend played a drama based on the story of priya. but
priya got courage from her parents and gave a speech. priya
faced too much hurdles after becoming pregnant.

Thinking Activity
Q-5) Compare and contrast the male character, Roger
chillingworth, Arthur Dimmesdale, Rahul and Ajay.
Ans :- The male characters Roger chillingworth, Arthur
Dimmesdale novel character and Rahul, Ajay both are movie
characters Roger chillingworth is Hester's husband and
Dimmesdale is a Hester's lover. something Rahul couldn't able
to accept priya in publically. but one thing is contrast
dimmesdale is priest while rahul character like frailty man.
other character like chillingworth and ajay. chillingworth is
not accepted her wife because his wife pregnant of
dimmesdale's child. while movie character ajay is like honest
and kind person loved priya even she was pregnant of rahul 's
child. Ajay ready to accept priya.
Q-6) Compare and contrast "The scaffold scene" in the scarlet
letter and " a year - end performance in kya kehna in which a
group of student performs a play on priya and her pregnancy".

Thinking Activity
Ans :- the novel Hester as a beautiful young woman has come
into new world where society divided her self community and
they all in front of her. dimmesdale increased the plat from in
a half hearted for accept his work of sin. Hester's is a novel
Scarlet letter character.

Thinking Activity
the movie one scaffold scene when one
play performance which played by her collages students. but
we know that after speech of priya all audience felt pity for
her. her speech that woman character do suicide for reason of
pregnant.
Q-7) What are the reasons that Arthur Dimmesdale and rahul
do not come forward to accept their fatherhood? how do you
they differ and what are the similarities?
Ans:- Dimmesdale did not accept the fatherhood because of
his repetition in the society. Hester has to face so many
problems.the other side movie kya kehna rahul character did
not accept priya because of his repetition. these are the
similarities both.
Q-8) What is the role played by chillingworth in Hester's life?
why do you think be wanted to take revenge on Hester and
dimmesdale? chillingworth is husband of Hester.
Ans:- chillingworth played role in Hester's life he wanted to
take revenge on Hester and dimmesdale. Hester loved to
dimmesdale she become pregnant. but society did not accept
Hester. she had to face so many problems but her husband
also harassed her. he could not accept Hester with that child.
chillingworth real father of pearl.
Q-9) What is the role played by rahul's mother in priya's life?
why do you think she wants to take revenge on priya?
Ans:- rahul belong to high class family so his mother didn't
accept priya as daughter in law. she wanted to take revenge on
priya because she believed her son. priya is not their status
girl.

Thinking Activity
Q-10) Write a note on class difference in kya kehna.
Ans:- the movie protagonists rahul belongs to rich family and
priya belongs to middle class family. we know that love has
not wall of class but here i can find when priya became
pregnant and he refused to marry with her. rahul came priya's
house that time all family members sit together without
hesitation.
Q-11) Why do you think the director has lifted the character
of ajay to the ideal state? is it possible in real life? what are
the reasons of your yes or no ?
Ans:- the director has lifted the character of ajay was the good
person. rahul and priya's affairs. priya became pregnant
though he was ready to accept her. so, i can't say not possible
in real life.
Q-12) How do you Hester and Priya as individuals?
Ans:- priya's character strong than Hester because at the end
of the movie priya herself tried to convince to giving birth of
child while Hester able to justify herself on society.
Q-13) Write a critical note on the end of the movie and the
novel. why do you think the novelist has not given happy
ending?
Ans:- the movie has change many scenes movie gives a happy
ending. the novel give a sad ending. may be hawthome tried
to reveal the reality of the society on that time.

Thinking Activity
THANK YOU
Thinking Activity
Oneness of Literature

Thinking Activity
Oneness in literature with the comparison
of " The waste land" by T.S.Eliot and the short story "Joke"
by Anton Chekhov. literature is a term used to describe
written and something spoken material. oneness of literature
but most novel story may be like same but author use of style
is different. literature is a river, water of river makes its own
small different ways and flaws in different directions but root
is same. literature most commonly refers to works of the
creative imagination, poetry,drama in some journalism song.
T.S.Eliot's Tradition and individual talent we studied. when a
new work of art is created is something that happens
simultaneously to all the work of art preceded. Northrop Frye
defined Archetypal criticism in literature, it can be possible if
every archetype arrange like oneness of literature that thing
can difficult to defined anything in literature. the theory of
archetypal criticism based on the idea of the literature has
oneness.

Thinking Activity
The Waste Land by T.S.Eliot this show
sexual perversion problem of the modern. The waste land it is
childhood memory the hidden meaning is sexual perversion.
the statement in the mountains you feel free the memory the
fear sort of nostalgia the adult childish thing.
* Anton Chekhov's

Thinking Activity
The story of Anton Chekhov's joke was
printed in the column of Gujarat samachar. The original title
of "A Joke" but in Gujarat language in printed. After reading
both poem and short story is same thing by both author. there
is only and the name was given of love marie and naidu both
are nostalgic a do lescence
experience of going the mountains over the sled. she was
going it again because of her interest in sled and nadia went
was frightened her friend was not with her. the oneness
literature and somewhat connected with each other.
THANK YOU

Thinking Activity
Thinking Activity
ELT- The Role of English in India
Q-1) What is English Language For You ?
Ans:- English is the Language of international
communication. English is very likely to almost as integral a
part of life as the air breathe. in other words, speaking and
reading English something just do. English language is
interesting language. i have experience English language help
me lot in everyday life also, it is really English language
create area. English language for me like and favorite
language.
Q-2) What kind of challenges you are facing and have faced
while learning this language?
Ans:- English comes in my life as second language. I studying
English language i started studying this normal ABCD after
this Grammar and also used to with everyday life. I started

Thinking Activity
English language in a basic. but 5th my teacher started teach
in basic grammar. ( example:- is a basic simple tense, past
tense ,etc. teach) her teaching pattern was simple and basic.
she gave us sentence in simple present tense and we used to
change same in all other tense is nagative make question. i
came 10th in hard grammar to teach. this pattern allow to by
heart grammar. i am difficult in speaking and writing English.
the other problem i faced or i am facing still about spelling.
there are so many spelling can't write.
Q-3) Write in brief your understanding about any one essay.
Ans:- sociology culture dimension essay is written by rekha
aslam. the essay she explains social culture connect with our
native language. she also define second language. she also is a
foreign language. foreign language have a very good
knowledge and second language is not the first in order to
importance English language is foreign language and second
language is a Hindi. social culture is connection with
particular as like myth.
Q-4) According to you which position English language
should be given ?
Ans:- I Mentioned above India has multiple language. In our
country there are so many rural language than every state has
own language then national level different language. so it very
difficult to set language on particular position. this language
their first language also.
Q-5) How you see your future with English language?
Ans:- I see my future with English language. it help to
develop my career and easily connect with other countries

Thinking Activity
with mobile networks. i can study at home with help of online
course in English language. this language will give me bright
future.
THANK YOU

Thinking Activity
Thinking Activity
The old man and sea
About this novel
The old man and sea is written by earnest
hemingway. this short novel worked surrounding chief three
characters like us old man, manolin and marlin. this short
novel started with santiago having gone 84 days without
catching a fish he felt unluckiness of himself. manolin has
been forbidden by his parents to sail with him. he also help a

Thinking Activity
lot of santiagos his fishing gear preparing food. but end of the
novel get one large fish marlin. fish marlin is a 18 feet.
Q-1) Can you mark a critical phase of your life ?
Ans :- Yes, we know that life is a continuous progress. some
might even skip to entire stages completely without learning
the important lessons from life. life always give new strength
through experience. i was studying and passing in 12th
standard at that time my life take my text decision. i have 12
standard in good parsentage. but i was too late get admission,
so i didn't admission anywhere. i have study in a main
English. i was late admission then main English seat are a full.
i was worried that what would happen now. this is a very
complicated situation. my parents and my brother is a help me
and finally i got the admission and i am very happy.
Q-2) Do you have any such person whom you recall in the
crisis ?
Ans :- Yes, I have that person to i recall in crisis and that
person is my parents is my parents and my brother is now in
this world.
Q-3) What is the importance of that person ? why ?
Ans :- I importance above my parents is more i share to any
problem everytime. the instead he tell pros and cons of then
leaves the decision on me. my parents accompanies me in all
my decisions. my parents is very important in my life.
Q-4) What is the importance of dream of lions in the novel ?

Thinking Activity
Ans :- In the novel, an old man and sea repeatedly sees
dreams of lions. the lions symbolize old man lost youth as
well as his pride. old man love for the lions, also mirrors his
relationship with the marlin. from dreaming of lion he gets
courage and strength. according to me if we gone to image
about lion, then lion is a full victory, strength power.
Q-5) Do you have any such scene or image you frequently
like to visit ?
Ans :- No, i don't have any such scene image till now my life i
would frequently visit.
Q-6) What is the reason of your obsession for that scene ?
Ans :- No, i don't have any reason of obsession for that scene.
i haven't face any such type to struggle in my life.
Q-7) Replace the old man with yourself. how would be the
approach if you fail like the old man in life ?
Ans :- I am not forcely going to proved myself or skills to
society. as i have faced many failure in my life. my dreams so
like old man i would also not loose hope and keep on trying to
prove myself with different and new ways but i do not defeat.

Thinking Activity
THANK YOU
The Lighthouse By Virginia Woolf
* About the Author :-

Thinking Activity
Virginia Woolf born 25 January 1882 and death 28
March 1941 Writer was an English writer, considered one of
most important modernist 20th century authors and also a
pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative
device. her full name was Adeline Virginia Woolf. especially
her satirical work on society, culture, feminism and politic
system, her Famous modern novel "To The Lighthouse". her
famous work like as,
1) Mrs. Dalloway (1925),
2) To The Lighthouse (1927),
3) Orlando (1928),
4) A Room of one's own (1929).

Thinking Activity
Q-1) How can you explain that 'what' Virginia Woolf wanted
to say (for example, the complexity of human relationship, the
everyday battles that people are at in their relationship with
near and dear ones, the struggle of a female artist against the
values of middle/upper class society etc) can only be said in
the way she has said ? ( key : the 'How' of the narrative
technique is to be discussed along with features of stream of
consciousness technique which helps Woolf to in effective
manner what she experienced in abstractions).
Ans :- Virginia Woolf was a wonder full writer. Virginia
Woolf has good ability to discrimination and deep sensitivity
which proved through representation of the each characters.
she used stream of consciousness in to novel. Virginia Woolf
described the complexity and struggle going on between
human she uses the stream of consciousness. relation ship
between Mr.Ramsay and Mrs.Ramsay they both are opposite

Thinking Activity
from each other. Mr.Ramsay who may be we find in today's
culture and percent society also. Mrs.Ramsay as a example of
good house wife. James want to go Lighthouse he told her
mother. she know James like to listen this. Mr.Ramsay choose
truth instead of lie. he never speak lie. Virginia Woolf also
described the complexity between lily and Charles Tanslay.
Charles believe woman can't Painter writer. lily believe that
woman can do painting and writing also. the complexity
between Father and son relationship, daughter and mother, lily
and Mrs.Ramsay. struggle of female artist.woman are facing
so many boundary in present community.
Q-2) Do you agree:" The novel is both the tribute and critique
of Mrs.Ramsay ?
Ans:- Yes, I am agree the novel is both the tribute and critique
of Mrs.Ramsay character. Mrs.Ramsay is a good Indian house
wife. she always behavior like ideal wife, mother, friend but
she think about harself. Mrs.Ramsay has all these qualities she
taking care of her husband's ego. she satisfied her husband's
ego. she supported her husband. she facing struggling with her
husband's different moods. Mrs.Ramsay living as ideal
woman to remembering her family every movement. the
novel also describes Mrs.Ramsay critically. in the novel the
main focus was going To The Lighthouse which not full filled
until Mrs.Ramsay was lived. After her James and Mr.Ramsay
and Nancy went to Lighthouse following her mother wish.
Q-3) Considering symbolically, does the lighthouse stand for
Mrs.Ramsay or the narrator (Virginia Woolf herself who is
categorically represented by lily) ?

Thinking Activity
Ans:- Yes, this novel Virginia Woolf herself represents by
lily. Mrs.Ramsay character is like central figure in the novel.
she suffers alone from all miseries of her self and of other
also. she constantly have inner conflicts like the waves at sea-
shore. i also feel that Lighthouse symbolically stands for lily
briscoe also. when we look this thing on part of Mrs.Ramsay
we see that she also become the person who shows path the
family members. she provided emotional safety to the family.
we talk about any work we can't say that author is completely
disappear. there is some effect of the writer we can found in
the work.
Q-4) In the article by Joseph Blotner, two myths are patterned
together. name the myths ? now they are zeroed down to the
symbols of "window" and "Lighthouse" ? how does the male
phallic symbols represent feminins Mrs.Ramsay ?
Ans:- myth is folklore genre consisting of narratives or stories
that play a fundamental role in a society. in the bible one myth
of Adam and Eve also connected here. human being spreed
through woman. in Greek mythology famous myth is pagam
primordial goddess and Oedipus. the one myth is about the
myth of pagam. the novel character who is compered with
Mrs.Ramsay is demeter. the way demeter make earth fruit
fullness the same manner Mrs.Ramsay makes family fruit
fullness. the other myth is about the Oedipus. we see that the
relationship of Mrs.Ramsay and James can contact with this
myth.
Q-5) What do you understand by the German term

Thinking Activity
"Kunstlerroman" ? how can you justify that "To the
Lighthouse" is "Kunstlerroman" novel ?
Ans:- its a German's literary term."Kunst" means that
something artistry. the kunstlerroman novel talk's about the
artist growth. first in the novel we found in the character of
the lily brisco. she has faced so many crisis during her journey
as a painter. the second we can connect with the Virginia
Woolf 's personal life. as a author she has also faced struggle
during her life. lily briscoe is painter and her growth in this
novel.
Q-6) "... the wages of obedience is death, and the daughter
that reproduces mothering to perfection, including child.
bearing, already has on her cheeks the pallor of death. one
reminded here of various texts by Lucy lrigaray in which she
attacks mothers for being, however unwillingly, accomplices
in the patriarchal system of oppression". (viola). in light of
this remark, explain briefly lily's dilemma in "To the
Lighthouse".
Ans:- Lily briscoe had difference thoughts rather than another
woman characters in the novel. in the novel she also fought
for freedom who broken all rights of woman. Mr.Ramsay and
lily one thing notify that lily has not needed of men for better
living her life. lily did not influenced or controlled in any way
by other people but at the end of the novel thought about
Mrs.Ramsay without variation.
Q-7) You have compared the "beginning" and the "ending" of
the novel and the film adaptation of the novel directed by
Colin Gregg. do you think that the novel is more poignant

Thinking Activity
than the movie ? if yes, do you ascribe the fact that the power
of words is much greater than that of the screen / visuals ?
Ans:- Yes, the novel is more poignant than the movie. because
if we only focuses only upon the language than compared to
movie the language of the novel is more enjoyable. the
language of the novel is high and classic. the thing is the
screening of the movie reduces over imagination, the reading
of the novel gives more space to our imagination.
Q-11) How is India represented in "To the Lighthouse" ?
Ans:- The novel Mrs.Ramsay presented as Indian ideal
women and wife. we know that India has good culture
and thriving and people called that "India is country of golden
sparrow" and also valley of Emerald. Mrs.Ramsay is like
image of India society's woman who pampering husband and
children ego and woman self identity is important when she
alive but after her death everyone remembering her in the
novel.
THANK YOU

Thinking Activity
Thinking Activity
Edward said by Orientalism
* Introduction :-
Orientalism is a 1978 book by Edward w.
said, in which the author discusses Orientalism, defined as the
west's patronizing representations of "The East"- the societies
and peoples who inhabit the places of Asia, north Africa, and
the middle east. According to said, Orientalism is inextricably
tied to the imperialist societies who produced it, which makes
much Orientalist work inherently political and servile to

Thinking Activity
power, his famous post-colonial book is Orientalism. in this
book he discusses what is Orientalism and defined the west
and the east because most of people have assume against
some of countries so he tried to reveal that assume that
present reality for countries. his more focused on post colonial
country.
* What is Orientalism ?
Orientalism by Edward said is a conical text of
culture studies in which he has challenged the concept of
Orientalism or the difference between east and west.
Orientalism used in English, history, anthropology, political
science and cultural studies. it gives deep information of
people of middle east about their culture and behavior.
Western country thinks that England is very developed rather
than Eastern world. they thinks that eastern people are not
powerful. they white people went India and Africa and make
colonies. they ruled Eastern people.
THANK YOU

Thinking Activity
Thinking Activity
Colonialism, Imperialism and Post-
colonialism
* What is Colonialism ?
Colonialism is the policy a nation seeking to
extend or retain its authority over other people or territories,
generally with the aim of economic dominance colonial word
comes from the Roman "Colonia" which meant "farm" or
"settlement", and referred to Romans who settled in other
lands but still retained their citizenship.

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