Causes of Non-Performing Loan: A Study on State Owned Commercial Bank of Bang...Dhaka university
Research Objectives and Possible Research Questions, Classified Loan, Theories: Ethical theory, Moral Hazard, Political Power, Transaction Cost, Stakeholder, Conceptual framework, Research Position, References and Reviewed Literature
A Study on Non-Performing Loan: from the Perspective of the Banking Industry in Bangladesh
The credit goes to the original writer as fully mentioned in side the docs.
Basel III is a global regulatory framework that aims to strengthen bank capital requirements and introduces new regulations on bank liquidity and leverage. It seeks to raise the quality of capital held by banks and strengthen their ability to absorb losses. The document outlines the key components of Basel III, including higher capital requirements, a new leverage ratio, and liquidity standards. It also discusses the potential macroeconomic impact and advantages of Basel III, as well as country-level implementations like in the US.
The Basel Accords are a series of banking regulations established by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The document discusses the history and objectives of the Basel Accords. It explains that the Basel Committee was established in 1974 to improve banking supervision globally and set minimum capital requirements for banks. The Basel I Accord established the first capital requirements in 1988. Subsequent accords like Basel II and III enhanced regulations around capital adequacy ratios, risk management, disclosure, and liquidity to promote global financial stability.
This document discusses liquidity management strategies for banks. It defines liquidity as the availability of cash needed by a bank. The main strategies for managing liquidity are asset liquidity management, which involves holding liquid assets that can be sold for cash, and borrowed liquidity management, which uses borrowing from money markets. The balanced strategy combines both holding liquid assets and borrowing. Key aspects of liquidity that banks must measure and manage are short-term, long-term, contingent and seasonal liquidity needs.
The document discusses treasury management in banks. It defines treasury as the storage place for a bank's cash assets like gold, silver, and money. Treasury management involves managing a bank's liquidity, investments, foreign exchange activities, and other financial operations. It aims to efficiently manage the bank's cash flows, maintain sufficient liquidity levels, and maximize returns while mitigating risks like interest rate fluctuations or currency volatility. The key roles of a bank's treasury department include cash forecasting, working capital management, investment management, and providing advice to ensure the bank meets its financial objectives.
The document provides an introduction to credit portfolio modeling and management. It discusses [1] why banks need to estimate and hold capital to protect against unexpected credit losses, [2] an overview of several common credit portfolio models used in the industry, and [3] the development of a simple in-house credit portfolio model for estimating economic capital. The model is intended to help banks better understand and manage the unexpected loss of their credit portfolios.
Causes of Non-Performing Loan: A Study on State Owned Commercial Bank of Bang...Dhaka university
Research Objectives and Possible Research Questions, Classified Loan, Theories: Ethical theory, Moral Hazard, Political Power, Transaction Cost, Stakeholder, Conceptual framework, Research Position, References and Reviewed Literature
A Study on Non-Performing Loan: from the Perspective of the Banking Industry in Bangladesh
The credit goes to the original writer as fully mentioned in side the docs.
Basel III is a global regulatory framework that aims to strengthen bank capital requirements and introduces new regulations on bank liquidity and leverage. It seeks to raise the quality of capital held by banks and strengthen their ability to absorb losses. The document outlines the key components of Basel III, including higher capital requirements, a new leverage ratio, and liquidity standards. It also discusses the potential macroeconomic impact and advantages of Basel III, as well as country-level implementations like in the US.
The Basel Accords are a series of banking regulations established by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. The document discusses the history and objectives of the Basel Accords. It explains that the Basel Committee was established in 1974 to improve banking supervision globally and set minimum capital requirements for banks. The Basel I Accord established the first capital requirements in 1988. Subsequent accords like Basel II and III enhanced regulations around capital adequacy ratios, risk management, disclosure, and liquidity to promote global financial stability.
This document discusses liquidity management strategies for banks. It defines liquidity as the availability of cash needed by a bank. The main strategies for managing liquidity are asset liquidity management, which involves holding liquid assets that can be sold for cash, and borrowed liquidity management, which uses borrowing from money markets. The balanced strategy combines both holding liquid assets and borrowing. Key aspects of liquidity that banks must measure and manage are short-term, long-term, contingent and seasonal liquidity needs.
The document discusses treasury management in banks. It defines treasury as the storage place for a bank's cash assets like gold, silver, and money. Treasury management involves managing a bank's liquidity, investments, foreign exchange activities, and other financial operations. It aims to efficiently manage the bank's cash flows, maintain sufficient liquidity levels, and maximize returns while mitigating risks like interest rate fluctuations or currency volatility. The key roles of a bank's treasury department include cash forecasting, working capital management, investment management, and providing advice to ensure the bank meets its financial objectives.
The document provides an introduction to credit portfolio modeling and management. It discusses [1] why banks need to estimate and hold capital to protect against unexpected credit losses, [2] an overview of several common credit portfolio models used in the industry, and [3] the development of a simple in-house credit portfolio model for estimating economic capital. The model is intended to help banks better understand and manage the unexpected loss of their credit portfolios.
This document discusses classification of investments, provisioning, and rescheduling procedures. It covers:
- Five categories of investment classification: standard, SMA, substandard, doubtful, bad/loss.
- Reasons for investment classification including assessing quality, risk level, and specific provision calculations.
- Basis for classification as continuous, demand, term or short term agri/micro investments.
- Rules for classification based on past due dates and investment type and size.
- Requirements for rescheduling defaulted investments including cash down payment, repayment assessment, and justification in writing.
The document provides an overview of the key components of a bank's balance sheet, including assets and liabilities. It discusses the various line items under assets (such as cash, investments, advances) and liabilities (such as capital, reserves, deposits, borrowings). It also summarizes the components of a bank's profit and loss statement and provides details on liquidity management, asset liability management and interest rate risk management. The document is intended as a presentation on managing a bank's assets, liabilities, liquidity and interest rate risk.
Thank you for sharing your positive experience with Citi customer service representative Manish. It is heartening to see employees go the extra mile to resolve customer issues courteously and efficiently. Excellent customer service is a key reason for Citi's leadership in the credit card industry. I will pass on your appreciation to the relevant teams.
This document discusses developing an effective Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP). It outlines the key components of an ICAAP including risk governance, risk appetite, risk-bearing capacity, material risk assessment, capital modeling, forecasts and stress testing. It discusses challenges in implementing an ICAAP and the roles of risk management, finance, internal audit and senior management/board oversight. Maintaining an ongoing and regularly reviewed ICAAP is emphasized.
Credit risk management @ state bank of india project report mba financeBabasab Patil
This document provides an executive summary and background for a project on credit risk management at State Bank of India. It discusses the objectives to study the bank's credit rating procedures, risk management activities, and compliance with RBI guidelines. It also covers the methodology, findings and recommendations. Key findings include that SBI sanctions less credit to agriculture compared to competitors, has effective credit risk management processes, and could improve by reducing interest rates and lending more to indirect agriculture sectors.
Emerging Trends in Financial Market for 2022ijtsrd
In 2022 we can expect to see banking and payments evolve even faster. The speed of digital transformation, new means of payment, and transformations brought by Open Finance are a few of the factors shaping this changing scenario and guiding trends in the financial market. But why is it worth paying attention to trends in the financial market : It’s because they allow us to predict upcoming scenarios in a world in constant flux and help both incumbents and fintech companies to align the development of their solutions with the latest innovations in the banking and payments sector. We always have our feelers out to make sure we’re keeping pace of these trends, and one source we often rely on is the futurist and researcher Amy Webb, Director of The Future Today Institute, from New York University’s Stern School of Business. Every year, she presents the Tech Trends Report, an essential reference on the trends set to shape the future and likely to dictate how companies do business from now on. The 15th Tech Trends Report was launched at this year’s SXSW, indicating some strategic trends in technology and including a section with insights for payments. Ms. Renu Bala Sharma "Emerging Trends in Financial Market for 2022" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51815.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/51815/emerging-trends-in-financial-market-for-2022/ms-renu-bala-sharma
A study of non performing assets with special reference to icici bankShami Zama
The document discusses non-performing assets (NPAs) in the Indian banking system. It defines an NPA as a loan or advance that is overdue for repayment by 90 days or more. Key factors influencing NPAs include failure of borrowers to repay loans on time, resulting in losses for banks. High levels of NPAs negatively impact bank profitability. While some NPAs are inevitable, banks aim to maintain low NPA levels to remain sustainable. Various measures have been taken to reduce the growing problem of NPAs, but more work is still needed to effectively solve this issue facing the Indian banking sector.
This document discusses credit appraisal systems for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India. It outlines the banking industry landscape and classifications. The research methodology involves analyzing case studies of loan applications using various financial tools and ratios to evaluate capital budgeting, risk, and overall financial position. The findings show the case studies were positively assessed based on financials. Suggestions include improving rating mechanisms, personnel skills, and customizing products while revising credit policies periodically. The conclusion is credit appraisal considers multiple factors beyond just financials, including business viability, industry, management quality and loan conduct.
The document discusses a project report submitted by Parneet Kaur for her MBA degree from Punjab Technical University. The report examines non-performing assets at the State Bank of Patiala branch in Bhadaur from June-July 2010. It includes certificates, declarations, prefaces, and outlines covering various chapters on concepts of NPAs, their impact on banks, prevention and management of NPAs, and research methodology.
Basel III is a global regulatory standard that aims to strengthen bank capital requirements and introduce new regulatory requirements on bank liquidity and leverage. It seeks to improve bank capital standards, stress testing, and market liquidity risk. The goals are to minimize the probability of bank failures, ensure banks can absorb shocks from financial and economic stress, and improve risk management. Basel III introduces reforms to bank capital adequacy, stress testing, market liquidity risk, and implements additional capital buffers and leverage ratios. It aims to strengthen the banking sector's ability to absorb losses during periods of financial and economic stress.
The document provides an overview of project financing and Union Bank of India. It discusses how project financing is used to fund large infrastructure projects and is emerging as a preferred alternative to conventional financing. It also provides details on Union Bank of India such as its establishment, services offered, branches, technology initiatives and rankings. The document outlines the steps involved in project financing at Union Bank including conducting feasibility studies, assessing financial health, determining credit ratings, fixing interest rates and sanctioning and disbursing loans. Conducting in-depth feasibility studies of the technical, market and organizational aspects of a proposed project is a key part of the process.
Basel III is a global regulatory standard that aims to strengthen bank capital requirements and introduce new regulatory requirements on bank liquidity and leverage. It was implemented in response to deficiencies in the previous Basel II framework that were exposed by the global financial crisis. The goals of Basel III include improving the banking sector's ability to absorb shocks, reducing systemic risk, and increasing transparency. It establishes stricter capital standards, introduces capital buffers, and imposes new liquidity measures including the liquidity coverage ratio and net stable funding ratio.
Non perfoming assets @ uti bank project report mba financeBabasab Patil
The document discusses non-performing assets (NPAs) and their impact on the profitability of new private sector banks in India. It provides background on the rise of NPAs in the Indian banking system and defines an NPA as an asset where principal and interest payments are overdue by 90 days. The objectives of the study are to analyze RBI norms on NPAs, compare NPA performance and credit risk of new private banks over 3 years, and examine the impact of NPAs on bank profitability. The methodology involves collecting primary data through bank official interviews and secondary data from RBI, IBA, and bank websites. The analysis uses quadrant analysis to study relationships between key financial metrics.
This document discusses risk management in banks. It outlines the major types of risks banks face: credit risk, market risk, and operational risk. Credit risk is the potential that a bank borrower fails to meet obligations and can take the form of outright default or deterioration in credit quality. Market risk includes liquidity risk, interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, and country risk due to fluctuations in market values. Operational risk is the risk of loss from inadequate internal processes or systems. The Basel Accords provide capital adequacy guidelines for banks to manage unexpected losses from risks based on their risk profiles. Risk management in banks involves identifying, measuring, monitoring, and controlling various risks to ensure sufficient capital levels are maintained.
Study on credit risk management of SBI CochiSreelakshmi_S
1. The document discusses credit risk management practices at SBI Kochi from 2013-2014. It provides background on credit risk and outlines key aspects of effective credit risk management like establishing appropriate risk environment, credit risk assessment, and portfolio management.
2. The theoretical background section defines terms like credit, risk, market risk, operational risk, and credit risk. It also discusses contributors to credit risk and key elements of credit risk management.
3. The document discusses credit rating and its use in credit decision making. It provides details on the rating tool used by SBI for assessing creditworthiness of borrowers, especially Small and Medium Enterprises.
Financial problem and recent scam in BdFeroza Khatun
The document discusses several problems facing Bangladesh's financial sector, including its money market, capital market, and insurance sector. Specifically:
1) The money market faces issues like high non-performing loans, lack of transparency and governance in banks, and inadequate risk management. Microcredit institutions struggle with over-lending and high interest rates.
2) Capital markets have problems like lack of effective regulation and surveillance, price manipulation, and delays in settlements.
3) The insurance sector faces centralization, political instability, lack of supervision, legal complexity, and lack of product diversification.
4) Recent scams include the 2016 Bangladesh Bank heist where hackers attempted to steal $1 billion but succeeded in
This document discusses retail banking in India. It provides an overview of retail banking, best practices, and the significance of product innovation. It then discusses the drivers of retail business in India, including economic growth, demographics, technology, and declining interest rates. Specific areas of retail lending discussed are credit cards and housing loans. The opportunities for retail banking in India are significant due to economic and demographic factors. However, challenges include customer retention, rising indebtedness, and managing information technology risks.
This document discusses various policies and guidelines related to loan management for banks in Bangladesh. It covers topics such as loan classification and provisioning, loan rescheduling, write offs, loan categories, and stimulus funds. Key points include:
- Loans are classified based on their status (unclassified, SME, substandard, doubtful, bad) using objective criteria like number of months past due. Higher risk loans require higher loan loss provisions.
- Rescheduling allows extending repayment terms for non-performing loans if the borrower meets certain conditions. Maximum rescheduling periods depend on loan type and classification.
- Stimulus funds provide subsidized loans to borrowers affected by COVID-19, with
Electronic banking, also known as e-banking, allows customers to conduct financial transactions electronically using the internet or other electronic channels without visiting a brick-and-mortar branch. E-banking first emerged in the 1920s and grew in popularity through the 1960s with electronic funds transfers and credit cards. It is now estimated that 40% of banking transactions are conducted online. Technologies that have enabled e-banking include ATMs, online and mobile banking, telephone banking, and smart cards. E-banking offers benefits like convenience, lower costs, and increased customer relationships but also faces challenges around technology adoption, costs, and security concerns.
Deposits and loans in Qatar's banking sector grew in June 2013. Deposits increased 4.8% month-over-month (MoM) and 16.8% year-to-date (YTD), while loans ticked up 1.0% MoM and 6.6% YTD. As a result, the loan-to-deposit ratio declined to 102% in June from 105% in May. Public sector deposits surged 12.7% MoM, driven by growth in government institutions, while private sector deposits were flat. Loan growth was supported by a 1.9% MoM rise in private sector loans. The document provides statistics on deposits, loans, and loan-to-
- Deposits in the Qatari banking sector declined 4.8% month-over-month in July 2013, while loans increased 2.3%, raising the loan-to-deposit ratio to 109%.
- Public sector deposits fell sharply, down 6.5% month-over-month, led by a 8.1% drop in deposits from government institutions which make up 63% of public sector deposits.
- Private sector loan growth was led by a 5.5% increase in consumption and other loans, while real estate loans grew 2.2% and general trade loans grew 1%.
This document discusses classification of investments, provisioning, and rescheduling procedures. It covers:
- Five categories of investment classification: standard, SMA, substandard, doubtful, bad/loss.
- Reasons for investment classification including assessing quality, risk level, and specific provision calculations.
- Basis for classification as continuous, demand, term or short term agri/micro investments.
- Rules for classification based on past due dates and investment type and size.
- Requirements for rescheduling defaulted investments including cash down payment, repayment assessment, and justification in writing.
The document provides an overview of the key components of a bank's balance sheet, including assets and liabilities. It discusses the various line items under assets (such as cash, investments, advances) and liabilities (such as capital, reserves, deposits, borrowings). It also summarizes the components of a bank's profit and loss statement and provides details on liquidity management, asset liability management and interest rate risk management. The document is intended as a presentation on managing a bank's assets, liabilities, liquidity and interest rate risk.
Thank you for sharing your positive experience with Citi customer service representative Manish. It is heartening to see employees go the extra mile to resolve customer issues courteously and efficiently. Excellent customer service is a key reason for Citi's leadership in the credit card industry. I will pass on your appreciation to the relevant teams.
This document discusses developing an effective Internal Capital Adequacy Assessment Process (ICAAP). It outlines the key components of an ICAAP including risk governance, risk appetite, risk-bearing capacity, material risk assessment, capital modeling, forecasts and stress testing. It discusses challenges in implementing an ICAAP and the roles of risk management, finance, internal audit and senior management/board oversight. Maintaining an ongoing and regularly reviewed ICAAP is emphasized.
Credit risk management @ state bank of india project report mba financeBabasab Patil
This document provides an executive summary and background for a project on credit risk management at State Bank of India. It discusses the objectives to study the bank's credit rating procedures, risk management activities, and compliance with RBI guidelines. It also covers the methodology, findings and recommendations. Key findings include that SBI sanctions less credit to agriculture compared to competitors, has effective credit risk management processes, and could improve by reducing interest rates and lending more to indirect agriculture sectors.
Emerging Trends in Financial Market for 2022ijtsrd
In 2022 we can expect to see banking and payments evolve even faster. The speed of digital transformation, new means of payment, and transformations brought by Open Finance are a few of the factors shaping this changing scenario and guiding trends in the financial market. But why is it worth paying attention to trends in the financial market : It’s because they allow us to predict upcoming scenarios in a world in constant flux and help both incumbents and fintech companies to align the development of their solutions with the latest innovations in the banking and payments sector. We always have our feelers out to make sure we’re keeping pace of these trends, and one source we often rely on is the futurist and researcher Amy Webb, Director of The Future Today Institute, from New York University’s Stern School of Business. Every year, she presents the Tech Trends Report, an essential reference on the trends set to shape the future and likely to dictate how companies do business from now on. The 15th Tech Trends Report was launched at this year’s SXSW, indicating some strategic trends in technology and including a section with insights for payments. Ms. Renu Bala Sharma "Emerging Trends in Financial Market for 2022" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd51815.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/51815/emerging-trends-in-financial-market-for-2022/ms-renu-bala-sharma
A study of non performing assets with special reference to icici bankShami Zama
The document discusses non-performing assets (NPAs) in the Indian banking system. It defines an NPA as a loan or advance that is overdue for repayment by 90 days or more. Key factors influencing NPAs include failure of borrowers to repay loans on time, resulting in losses for banks. High levels of NPAs negatively impact bank profitability. While some NPAs are inevitable, banks aim to maintain low NPA levels to remain sustainable. Various measures have been taken to reduce the growing problem of NPAs, but more work is still needed to effectively solve this issue facing the Indian banking sector.
This document discusses credit appraisal systems for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India. It outlines the banking industry landscape and classifications. The research methodology involves analyzing case studies of loan applications using various financial tools and ratios to evaluate capital budgeting, risk, and overall financial position. The findings show the case studies were positively assessed based on financials. Suggestions include improving rating mechanisms, personnel skills, and customizing products while revising credit policies periodically. The conclusion is credit appraisal considers multiple factors beyond just financials, including business viability, industry, management quality and loan conduct.
The document discusses a project report submitted by Parneet Kaur for her MBA degree from Punjab Technical University. The report examines non-performing assets at the State Bank of Patiala branch in Bhadaur from June-July 2010. It includes certificates, declarations, prefaces, and outlines covering various chapters on concepts of NPAs, their impact on banks, prevention and management of NPAs, and research methodology.
Basel III is a global regulatory standard that aims to strengthen bank capital requirements and introduce new regulatory requirements on bank liquidity and leverage. It seeks to improve bank capital standards, stress testing, and market liquidity risk. The goals are to minimize the probability of bank failures, ensure banks can absorb shocks from financial and economic stress, and improve risk management. Basel III introduces reforms to bank capital adequacy, stress testing, market liquidity risk, and implements additional capital buffers and leverage ratios. It aims to strengthen the banking sector's ability to absorb losses during periods of financial and economic stress.
The document provides an overview of project financing and Union Bank of India. It discusses how project financing is used to fund large infrastructure projects and is emerging as a preferred alternative to conventional financing. It also provides details on Union Bank of India such as its establishment, services offered, branches, technology initiatives and rankings. The document outlines the steps involved in project financing at Union Bank including conducting feasibility studies, assessing financial health, determining credit ratings, fixing interest rates and sanctioning and disbursing loans. Conducting in-depth feasibility studies of the technical, market and organizational aspects of a proposed project is a key part of the process.
Basel III is a global regulatory standard that aims to strengthen bank capital requirements and introduce new regulatory requirements on bank liquidity and leverage. It was implemented in response to deficiencies in the previous Basel II framework that were exposed by the global financial crisis. The goals of Basel III include improving the banking sector's ability to absorb shocks, reducing systemic risk, and increasing transparency. It establishes stricter capital standards, introduces capital buffers, and imposes new liquidity measures including the liquidity coverage ratio and net stable funding ratio.
Non perfoming assets @ uti bank project report mba financeBabasab Patil
The document discusses non-performing assets (NPAs) and their impact on the profitability of new private sector banks in India. It provides background on the rise of NPAs in the Indian banking system and defines an NPA as an asset where principal and interest payments are overdue by 90 days. The objectives of the study are to analyze RBI norms on NPAs, compare NPA performance and credit risk of new private banks over 3 years, and examine the impact of NPAs on bank profitability. The methodology involves collecting primary data through bank official interviews and secondary data from RBI, IBA, and bank websites. The analysis uses quadrant analysis to study relationships between key financial metrics.
This document discusses risk management in banks. It outlines the major types of risks banks face: credit risk, market risk, and operational risk. Credit risk is the potential that a bank borrower fails to meet obligations and can take the form of outright default or deterioration in credit quality. Market risk includes liquidity risk, interest rate risk, foreign exchange risk, and country risk due to fluctuations in market values. Operational risk is the risk of loss from inadequate internal processes or systems. The Basel Accords provide capital adequacy guidelines for banks to manage unexpected losses from risks based on their risk profiles. Risk management in banks involves identifying, measuring, monitoring, and controlling various risks to ensure sufficient capital levels are maintained.
Study on credit risk management of SBI CochiSreelakshmi_S
1. The document discusses credit risk management practices at SBI Kochi from 2013-2014. It provides background on credit risk and outlines key aspects of effective credit risk management like establishing appropriate risk environment, credit risk assessment, and portfolio management.
2. The theoretical background section defines terms like credit, risk, market risk, operational risk, and credit risk. It also discusses contributors to credit risk and key elements of credit risk management.
3. The document discusses credit rating and its use in credit decision making. It provides details on the rating tool used by SBI for assessing creditworthiness of borrowers, especially Small and Medium Enterprises.
Financial problem and recent scam in BdFeroza Khatun
The document discusses several problems facing Bangladesh's financial sector, including its money market, capital market, and insurance sector. Specifically:
1) The money market faces issues like high non-performing loans, lack of transparency and governance in banks, and inadequate risk management. Microcredit institutions struggle with over-lending and high interest rates.
2) Capital markets have problems like lack of effective regulation and surveillance, price manipulation, and delays in settlements.
3) The insurance sector faces centralization, political instability, lack of supervision, legal complexity, and lack of product diversification.
4) Recent scams include the 2016 Bangladesh Bank heist where hackers attempted to steal $1 billion but succeeded in
This document discusses retail banking in India. It provides an overview of retail banking, best practices, and the significance of product innovation. It then discusses the drivers of retail business in India, including economic growth, demographics, technology, and declining interest rates. Specific areas of retail lending discussed are credit cards and housing loans. The opportunities for retail banking in India are significant due to economic and demographic factors. However, challenges include customer retention, rising indebtedness, and managing information technology risks.
This document discusses various policies and guidelines related to loan management for banks in Bangladesh. It covers topics such as loan classification and provisioning, loan rescheduling, write offs, loan categories, and stimulus funds. Key points include:
- Loans are classified based on their status (unclassified, SME, substandard, doubtful, bad) using objective criteria like number of months past due. Higher risk loans require higher loan loss provisions.
- Rescheduling allows extending repayment terms for non-performing loans if the borrower meets certain conditions. Maximum rescheduling periods depend on loan type and classification.
- Stimulus funds provide subsidized loans to borrowers affected by COVID-19, with
Electronic banking, also known as e-banking, allows customers to conduct financial transactions electronically using the internet or other electronic channels without visiting a brick-and-mortar branch. E-banking first emerged in the 1920s and grew in popularity through the 1960s with electronic funds transfers and credit cards. It is now estimated that 40% of banking transactions are conducted online. Technologies that have enabled e-banking include ATMs, online and mobile banking, telephone banking, and smart cards. E-banking offers benefits like convenience, lower costs, and increased customer relationships but also faces challenges around technology adoption, costs, and security concerns.
Deposits and loans in Qatar's banking sector grew in June 2013. Deposits increased 4.8% month-over-month (MoM) and 16.8% year-to-date (YTD), while loans ticked up 1.0% MoM and 6.6% YTD. As a result, the loan-to-deposit ratio declined to 102% in June from 105% in May. Public sector deposits surged 12.7% MoM, driven by growth in government institutions, while private sector deposits were flat. Loan growth was supported by a 1.9% MoM rise in private sector loans. The document provides statistics on deposits, loans, and loan-to-
- Deposits in the Qatari banking sector declined 4.8% month-over-month in July 2013, while loans increased 2.3%, raising the loan-to-deposit ratio to 109%.
- Public sector deposits fell sharply, down 6.5% month-over-month, led by a 8.1% drop in deposits from government institutions which make up 63% of public sector deposits.
- Private sector loan growth was led by a 5.5% increase in consumption and other loans, while real estate loans grew 2.2% and general trade loans grew 1%.
VietinBank is a leading bank in Vietnam that was established in 1988. It has a large network of over 1,274 branches across Vietnam and internationally. In 2013, VietinBank aimed to strengthen its capital base and expand its distribution network domestically and internationally. It also aimed to increase market share through new banking segments like retail and SME banking while maintaining asset quality with a non-performing loan ratio below 3%. VietinBank has performed well financially with high profitability, growing deposits and loans, and strong capital adequacy ratios.
The document summarizes the financial results of Banco ABC Brasil S.A. for the 4th quarter of 2012. Some key highlights include:
- Net income for 2012 totaled BRL 226.6 million, with BRL 59.6 million in the 4th quarter.
- The expanded credit portfolio reached BRL 15.3 billion by the end of 2012, with BRL 13.2 billion in the Corporate segment and BRL 2.1 billion in the Middle Market segment.
- Return on average equity was 14.3% for 2012 and 14.4% for the 4th quarter.
The document also provides guidance for 2013, estimating expanded credit portfolio growth of 14-
The document analyzes the Indian banking industry through a macroeconomic, demographic, technological, and regulatory lens. It examines key industry metrics like number of accounts, deposits, loans, NPAs, and profitability over time. Porter's five forces analysis indicates moderate threat of new entrants and substitutes but high competitive rivalry. A strategic group map shows HDFC Bank competes most directly with ICICI Bank and Kotak Mahindra Bank, with SBI having a different strategic focus on rural segments. Financial analysis compares the four banks on various parameters over several years.
Deposits in the Qatari banking sector dropped 2.4% month-over-month in May 2013, while loans increased 1.2%. This caused the loan-to-deposit ratio to climb to 105% in May from 102% in April. Liquidity remains healthy compared to previous years. Loan growth is forecast to be 15-20% for 2013, while net interest margins are expected to remain under pressure in the first half but stabilize in the second half. Within the public sector, deposits contracted for government institutions but grew for semi-government bodies. Private sector deposits grew 1.4% while loans declined 1%.
Net income for the third quarter totaled BRL 55.1 million. The expanded credit portfolio reached BRL 14,884.1 million by the end of the quarter, remaining stable. Annualized return on equity for the third quarter was 13.8%. Credit portfolio quality remains high, with 97.4% of loans rated between AA-C. Expenses totaled BRL 62.8 million for the quarter, with an efficiency ratio of 36.4%.
The document summarizes the key financial highlights of a company's 2nd quarter 2011 conference call. It notes that net income totaled BRL 60.2 million in 2Q11, with an annualized return on equity of 17.2%. The credit portfolio reached BRL 12,234.8 million by the end of June 2011 and remained of high quality. The quality and performance of the corporate and middle market business segments are also discussed.
- The analyst is lowering their 12-month target price for Bank Rakyat Indonesia from IDR15,000 to IDR13,500 due to a weaker growth outlook and lower-than-expected 5-month profits.
- Bank Rakyat Indonesia reported a 7% year-over-year decline in 5-month net profit due to weak loan growth and concerns over rising non-performing loans.
- The analyst revised down earnings forecasts and assumes non-performing loans will rise to 2.3% by the end of 2015, but the recent share price decline still leaves 25% upside potential to the new target price.
This document defines non-performing assets (NPAs) for banks and outlines how they are classified and provisions are made for them. It states that an asset becomes non-performing when it stops generating income for the bank. It was defined as a credit facility where interest or principal has remained past due for a specified period. This period was reduced over time to two quarters by 1995 and then a 90 day past due norm was adopted in 2004. The document also describes how NPAs are classified as substandard, doubtful or loss assets depending on how long they have been non-performing. It provides the classification categories and associated provisioning requirements. Trends in NPA levels across public and private sector banks in India are also presented
- Allahabad Bank was founded in 1865 in Allahabad, India and was nationalized in 1969. It has since expanded to over 2500 branches nationally and internationally.
- In recent years, the bank has faced challenges including high non-performing assets, low profitability, and inadequate liquidity. However, it maintains adequate capital ratios above regulatory requirements.
- Moving forward, the bank aims to improve asset quality, profitability, and efficiency through initiatives such as retail lending best practices, risk management, and technology upgrades. Maintaining financial stability while expanding services will be key priorities for Allahabad Bank.
The document provides a daily market and sector report from Nigeria on January 7, 2015. It summarizes the negative performance of the stock market and various banking and other sectors. Specifically:
- The stock market declined sharply, with the banking sector hit particularly hard due to the government directive for government agencies to close bank revenue accounts.
- Overall market breadth favored decliners, and the key market index fell over 4%. Banking, construction, and industrial sectors all declined over 2%.
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Thesis Presentation: A Study on Non-Performing Loan: From the Perspective of the Banking Industry in Bangladesh
1. Mohi uddin
A Study on Non-Performing Loan:
From the Perspective of the Banking
Industry in Bangladesh
2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
1. To assess the present
situation of non-performing
loans in our banking sector
2. To show the scenarios
of the “loan default
problem’’ in Bangladesh
3. To find out the effect of
NPL on bank’s profitability
and Financial Stability
4. To identify the causes and
remedies of non-performing
loans
5. To show a comparative
analysis of NLP in south
Asian Countries
6. To raise some issues and
observations which need to be
looked upon quickly for ensuring a
financially sound banking sector
3. Methodology of Study
To perform the objective of report I have
collected secondary data from published
sources. The secondary sources of data
and information are:
Sources of Data and
Data Collection
Research works of individuals
Different publications
Journal of different institutions
Bangladesh Bank Credit Risk Grading manual
Bangladesh Bank annual report
4. Limitations of the study
The limitations of the study are
Lack of previous experience.
This study did
not cover
primary and
unpublished
data
Time constraint.
6. Non-Performing loan is a loan which the
borrower has missed to pay its scheduled
interest payment or payment of the
principle amount, generally for at least 90
days
Non-Performing
Loan (NPL)
No mention of any other terms or of day
limits from the first missed payment date
about the loan being non-performing
If mentioned in loan contract, the loan will
become non-performing according to the
contract agreement
Therefore, a loan will become nonperforming if-
The borrower missed the scheduled payment
and at least 90 days has past from the missed
scheduled payment.
7. Classifications of
LoansThese 2 groups total includes 5 different types of
loans, which are
• Standard Loan (STD)
• Special Mention
Account (SMA)
Unclassified Loans:
• Sub-standard (SS)
• Doubtful (DF)
• Bad/Loss (B/L)
Classified Loans:
9. Rate of General Provision
Unclassified Loans to Brokerage House,
Merchant Banks, Stock dealers
2%
Outstanding amount of loans kept in
the Special Mention Account(SMA)
5%
Off-balance sheet exposures
1%
All unclassified SME loans
0.25%
All unclassified loans
1%
Unclassified consumer financing
5%
Unclassified Housing Finance and
Professional Loans
2%
10. Rate of Specific Provisions
01. 20% Sub-standard
02. 50% Doubtful
03. 100% Bad/Loss
04. 5%
All credits except Bad/Loss for
Agricultural and Micro Credit
05. 100%
For Bad/Loss in Agricultural and
Micro Credit
11. WRITE OFF
For all write off
loans there should
be 100% provision
kept before the
loan has been
omitted and
placed in off-
balance sheet
items.
The oldest bad debts
get the priority to list
as write off.
If the bad debt
recovers, the full
amount goes to
income as 100%
provision has
already been
secured for the
loan amount.
A manual register
should be
maintained to
follow up the write
off loans and to
calculate interest
on the loan
amount.
Omitting the bad debts from the balance sheet with 100% provision
12. Symptoms of NPL
Misses his/her first scheduled
payment
Warning Signs from Borrowers
If the borrower is a company then the bank
collects information from the competitors
Warning Signs from Third Parties
Every bank collects a CIB report of their
clients who interest to take loan.
Warning Sign from Other Banks
13. Causes & Effects of NPL
Borrower
Selection
Willful
Default by the
Borrower
Political
Influences
Poor
Management
Quality of
Borrowers
Lack of
Monitoring
Failure of
Business of
the Borrower
Corruption
Unskilled
Personnel
Adverse
Economic
Conditions
Recapitalizati
on Facility
Repetition of
Rescheduling
Lengthy
Recovery
Procedure
Improper
Documentation
Lack of
Applicability of
Regulation
Delay in Assessing
and Distributing
Loans
Lack of Proper
Action Taken against
Defaulters
14. Adverse effects of Non-Performing Loan in
Bangladesh
Reduce Capacity
to Provide New
Loans
Shrinking Profits
Deteriorate
Economic
Growth
Decreases
Reinvestment of
Fund
Decreases
Reinvestment of
Fund
Disruption in
Money Cycle
Decreases
Employment
Opportunity
Increase the
Cost of Banks
Reduce the
Capital
Adequacy Ratio
15. Monitoring of
NPL
Banks maintain verbal communications with
their borrowers through phone calls……
Verbal communication
If the loan has already being
listed as non-performing loan,
bank sends formal……
Formal Letter
Bank sends officers to visit that person/ business
place to know why they are not repaying the loans
or the situation of the business……
Physical Visit
16. Banking Sector Performance
SCBS DFIS PCBS FCBS Total
2010 Number of banks 4 4 30 9 47
Number of branches 3447 1382 2828 72 7729
Total assets 1384.3(28.5%) 295.4(6.1%) 2854.6(58.8%) 320.8(6.6%) 4855.1
Deposits 1044.9 183.4 2266.5 227.1 3721.9
2011 Number of banks 4 4 30 9 47
Number of branches 3437 1406 3055 63 7961
Total assets 1629.2(27.8%) 328.8(5.6%) 3524.2(60.0%) 385.4(6.6%) 5867.6
Deposits 1235.6 214.4 2787.5 272.2 4509.7
2012 Number of banks 4 4 30 9 47
Number of branches 3478 1440 3339 65 8322
Total assets 1831.9(26.1%) 385.5(5.5%) 4371.5(62.2%) 441.8(6.3%) 7030.7
Deposits 1377.9 260.4 3430.7 327.0 5396.0
2013 Number of banks 4 4 39 9 56
Number of branches 3520 1494 3602 69 8685
Total assets 2108.5(26.4%) 454.8(5.7%) 4948.2(61.9%) 488.7(6.1%) 8000.2
17. Banking Sector Performance
SCBS DFIS PCBS FCBS Total
2014 Number of banks 4 4 39 9 56
Number of branches 3553 1500 3917 70 9040
Total assets 2517.1(27.5%) 333.8(3.7%) 5787.1(63.3%) 505.0(5.5%) 9143.0
Deposits 1952.1 237.6 4449.4 326.0 6965.1
2015 Number of banks 4 4 39 9 56
Number of branches 3690 1406 4226 75 9397
Total assets 2839.6(27.5%) 291.3(2.8%) 6652.9(64.5%) 530.8(5.2) 10314.6
Deposits 2254.8 226.6 5110.4 336.8 7928.6
2016 Number of banks 6 2 40 9 57
Number of branches 3710 1407 4467 70 9654
Total assets 3209.5(27.6%) 299.5(2.6%) 7560.0(65%) 557.6(4.8%) 11626.6
Deposits 2535.4 249.4 5788.0 361.1 8933.9
2017 Number of banks 6 2 40 9 57
Number of branches 3721 1407 4758 69 9955
Total assets 3379.5 (25.88%) 317.6(2.43%) 8758.3(67.07%) 603.9(4.62%) 13059.3
Deposits 2700.6 273.3 6508.2 392.8 9874.9
30. Consequences of NPL on banks'
profitability
Higher NPL would also compel
the banks to extending their
efforts in recovering the loans
from those 'bad' borrowers
Bank needs to
keep higher
provision
Low public
confidence
Returns on Assets
(ROA) and Returns
of Equity (ROE)
tend to fall down
NPL results
into economic
slowdown
32. Findings
Bank’s Policy of NPL
NPL’s Effect on bank’s
Performance
Increase of the NPL Amount
The main causes of increasing NPLs are-
• Not monitoring the loans properly
• Misuse of the political power
• A large number of competitors in banking sector
• Willful defaulter
• Unattractive business industry
Large Number of Banks and Financial
Institutions Compared to our Economy
South Asia are also
experiencing the same
problem
33. Recommendations
Lessen the
Interference
of Political
Parties
Judicial Use
of
Rescheduling
and Write-
off
Ensuring
Accountability
of Employees
Punishing Willful
Defaulters
through Legal
Proceedings
Reducing
Recapitalization
Structured
and Regular
Monitoring
Strictly Follow Rules
and Regulation
Provided by BB for
NPL Management
Client Profile
&
Documentati
on
Proper
Lending
Practices
Incentive and
Training
Programs for
Employees