Thermal pollution sources include both natural causes like geothermal vents and hot springs, as well as anthropogenic causes such as power plants, soil erosion, and deforestation. These sources lead to consequences like decreased dissolved oxygen and impacts on plants and aquatic life. Control measures to address thermal pollution include spray ponds, cooling towers, reducing sources of pollution, and establishing artificial lakes and watersheds.

1. THERMAL POLLUTION SOURCES
AND CONTROL MEASURES
Presented by:

2. THERMAL POLLUTION
 Thermal pollution is the degradation of water
quality by any process that changes ambient
water temperature.
 Rise or fall in the temperature of a natural body of
water caused by human influence.
 Results in a change in
the physical properties of water.

3. DISCOVERY
 Industrial thermal pollution was first
addressed in 1970.
 Also called
 “thermal enrichment”

4. SOURCES
NATURAL
ANTHROPOGENI
C

5. NATURAL CAUSES
Geothermal vents
 The Geothermal Vent
is a resource seam
found exclusively in the
mountains that emits
steam.
 The cold seawater is
heated by hot magma
and reemerges to form
the vents.

6. NATURAL CAUSES
Hot springs
 Hot springs also
introduce excessive
heat in water bodies.

7. NATURAL CAUSES
Volcanoes
 Fresh water supply and
wastewater collection
and treatment become
vulnerable during a
volcanic ash fall, which
can: cause changes to
water quality in raw
water sources.

8. ANTHROPOGENIC CAUSES

9. HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
 Generation of
hydroelectric power
sometimes cause
negative thermal
loading of water.
 Creates heat loss
on water resources.

10. SOIL EROSION
 It is an other major
factor for thermal
pollution.
 Soil start deposition
on the floor of water
basin.
 Water id more
exposed to sunlight.

11. NUCLEAR POWER POINTS
 Water is used as a
coolant agent in
nuclear reactor.
 Water is heated and
When water is
returned to water
bodies it raise the
temprature of water
bodies.
 It effects water
composition and
oxygen supply

12. COAL FIRED POWER STATIONS
 Coal is used as fuel.
 Condenser coils are
cooled with water from
nearby water resource.
 Heated effluents are
released in water and
decrease dissolved
oxygen.

13. THERMAL SHOCK
 When a power plant is
opened or shut down
for repair purpose
water temprature is
changed .
 In result life in water
adapted for narrow
temprature range can
not survive.

14. DOMESTIC SEWAGE
 Domestic sewage is
commonly discharged
into rivers, canals and
lakes.
 This sewage water has
high temprature than
the receiving water .
 Decrease the
dissolved oxygen foul
gases also produced
causing the death of
organisms.

15. DEFORESTATION
 Trees and plants
prevent the direct
falling of sunlight to
water canals and
lakes.
 When deforestation
occurs canals and
lakes are directly
exposed to sun and
water temprature
increased.

16. CONSEQUENCES
 Decreased dissolved Oxygen.
 Migration
 Increased toxins
 Loss of biodiversity.
 Ecological impacts
 Reproductive effects
 Increased metabolic rate.

17. PLANTS AND THERMAL POLLUTION
 Hot water makes plant roots incapable of
absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.
 Hot water causes the cuticle on the plant
leaves to melt away. This increases the
exposure of plants leaves to diseases,
pathogens and pests more than usual.
 The foliage of plants may get scalded by hot
water.

18. CONTROL
MEASURES

19. SPRAY PONDS
 Man made system to
lower the temperature of
water by evaporation,
convention and radiation.
 Evaporation reduces the
energy of remaing water.

20. COOLING TOWERS
 A cooling tower is a
specialized heat
exchanger in which air
and water are brought
into direct contact with
each other in order to
reduce the water
temperature.

21. ENERGY CHIPS
 Production of
electricity from heat
than thought possible
by creating a silicon
chip, known as device
that convert heat
energy into electricity.

22. DESALINATION PLANTS
 Desalination uses
reverse osmosis
technology to separate
molecules from sea
water .
 Salts are removed and
temperature is
maintained.

24. LESS NUCLEAR POWER POINTS
 Reduce use of nuclear
power points save
world from pollution as
well as destruction.

25. END SHORELINE DEFORESTATION
 Shore line
deforestation is also
involved in sources of
thermal pollution so
grow trees on shore
line and end
deforestation.
 Shade of plants
prevent water from
sudden change in
temperature.

26. PREVENT SOIL EROSION
 Stop soil erosion
 Grow plants and
grasses which reduce
soil erosion.
 This will increase the
life of water bodies and
protect water life.

27. COGENERATION
 A process in which
heat is recycled for
industrial or domestic
use.
 It reduces thermal
pollution.
is
Recycled
Heat

28. ARTIFICIAL LAKES
 Artificial lakes can be
used to store water for
a short time
 When temperature is
decreased it is
released into natural
water bodies like
canals and rivers and
oceans.

29. WATER SHEDS
 . A watershed is an area of land draining into a
common body of water, such as a river, wetland,
reservoir, or ocean.
 Rain that falls on land flows to lower elevations
and toward a common body of water; the rain
transports with it many particulates and pollutants
from the land.
 The term watershed is sometimes used
interchangeably with the terms drainage basin and

30. TYPES OF WATER SHEDS

31. IMPORTANCE
 Biological, physical, and chemical processes
occurring within watersheds provide critical
ecosystem functions and services that support
plants and animals, including humans.
 Services provided by ecosystems within
watersheds

32. WATER STORAGE AND FLOOD
CONTROLS
 At a larger scale, naturally vegetated floodplains
provide storage and slow release of water. This
benefit reduces the risk of flooding for anyone who
lives near a river.

33. NUTRIENT CYCLING
 The role of watersheds
in nutrient cycling is
important for stabilizing
the environment at
local and global scales

34. IMPROVED WATER QUALITY.
 Natural landscapes
and floodplains filter
pollutants from point
and nonpoint sources,
promote nutrient
cycling, and help retain
sediment.

35. CARBON STORAGE OPPORTUNITIES
 . Watersheds with
intact natural land
cover and soil
resources are capable
of sequestering
carbon, thereby
offsetting greenhouse
gas emissions

36. INCREASED RESILIENCE IN THE FACE OF
CLIMATE CHANGE THREATS
 Intact floodplains and
riparian areas enable
healthy watersheds to
be better adapted to
more extreme weather
patterns and changes
in precipitation
associated with climate
change.

37. REDUCED RISK FOR INVASIVE SPECIES
COLONIZATION
 Naturally functioning
ecosystems are more
resilient and can favor
indigenous species,
helping them out-
compete invasive
species.
 Reduced vulnerability
to invasive species.

38. SOIL FORMATION
 Stable soils, an absence of pollutants, and a rich
biological community are all characteristics of a
healthy watershed.
 Healthy watershed help in soil formation and stop
soil from erosion.

39. OTHER SERVICES OF WATERSHEDS
 Wildlife corridors
 Increased biodiversity
 Effect of natural disasters

40. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
1. Protecting healthy watersheds can reduce
capital costs for water treatment plants and
reduce damages to property and
infrastructure due to flooding, thereby
avoiding future costs.
2. Additionally, protecting healthy watersheds
an generate revenue through property value
premiums, recreation and tourism

41. REDUCED DRINKING WATER TREATMENT AND
INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS
 Natural landscapes filter pollutants and protect
water quality.
 A review of treatment costs and watershed
characteristics for 27 drinking water utilities found
that for every 10% increase in forest cover of the
source water area, chemical and treatment costs
decrease by 20%

42. REDUCED FLOOD MITIGATION COSTS
 Floodplains and natural landscapes minimize the
area and impacts of floods, reduce the burden on
public drainage infrastructure and increase
groundwater recharge

43. INCREASED REVENUES AND JOB
OPPORTUNITIES
 . Healthy watersheds provide ample
opportunities for fishing, boating, swimming,
hiking, biking, wildlife viewing and
ecotourism. Over 30 million people in the
U.S. fish recreationally and these anglers
generate approximately 1 million jobs and
over $45 billion in retail sales annually

44. INCREASED PROPERTY VALUES
 Housing near healthy watersheds has higher
property values than those in or around
degraded ecosystems and impaired waters