Thermal pollution is caused by human activities such as sewage discharge, industrial cooling, and deforestation, leading to increased water temperatures that reduce oxygen levels and harm aquatic ecosystems. The document outlines the sources of thermal pollution, its ecological impacts, and methods to control it, such as cooling towers and ponds. Additionally, it discusses the economic consequences of thermal pollution, including costs related to water treatment, public health, and the effects of climate change.

1. Thermal Pollution

2. 2
Content
2
Introduction
Source
Impact
Cooling tower &
Ponds
Economy

3. 3
Thermal Pollution :-
The ambient temperature of a natural body of water through human interference. The quality
of the body of water is decreased by a rise or fall in the water temperature, This degraded
water is infirm to support the life-support systems of marine life or consumption.
Thermal pollution a change in the physical properties of water like Oxygen, Quality of water,
Metabolic rates , Reproduction of aquatic animlas & Toxicity of water.
Introduction

4. 4
 Sewage.
Industrial Matter.
Hydro electricity.
Nuclear Power Plant.
Deforestration & Soil
Erosion.
 Sources :-

5. 5
 Sewage :-
The increase in temperature of the receiving water,
the dissolved oxygen (DO) decreases, and the
demand for oxygen increases, it causes anaerobic
conditions.
 Industrial matter :-
When water used as coolant is returned to the
natural environment at A higher temperature, the
sudden change in temperature decreases oxygen
supply.
 Hydro-electricity :-
A turbine converts the kinetic energy of falling water
into mechanical energy. Then into electrical energy.
The reservoir water temperature is often colder than
the original stream or river.

6. 6
 Nuclear power plant :-
When water used of as a coolant & returned to the
natural sources at higher temperature , the sudden
change in temperature decreases oxygen
concentration.
 Thermal power plant :-
High-pressure steam used for driving
a steam turbine that creates electricity by
boiling of water.
That hot water released in natural water that
affects on oxygen & ecological system.
 Deforestation & soil
erosion :-
Removal of trees & plants, it causes direct and
more sunlight exposure to water bodies, that
increases temp Of water. & Soil erosion causes
the expansion of water bodies due to which

7. 7
Impact
Decrease
oxygen
level:-
The oxygen
level get
imbalance
by
temperature
of water.
If temp. Is
more then
oxygen is
less.
Migration :-
Aquatic
animals
migrate to
suitable
location
cause of
higher or
lower
temperature.
That effects
on food
chain.
Toxins & loss
of bio-
diversity :-
Toxins like
cd, hg etc.,
Solvents,
oils, waste
water.
& Vulnerable
animals
driven away.
Reproductive
rates:-
Warmer water
can affect on
fertility of
organisms.
They might be
suffer in birth
defects, eggs
formation,
cause of
chemical
changes in
body.
Ecological
impacts ;-
Thermal shcok
is biggest
influencer on
ecological
system.
Various fishes,
amphibians &
insects get
killed off due to
sudden change.

8. 8
Measure to control thermal pollution :-
Thermal pollution could be controlled by employing of few efficient scientific
techniques such as construction of artificial lakes, cooling ponds, and cooling
towers.
 Cooling ponds :-
Cooling ponds are usually big bodies of water that would
appear more like a lake or large pond. They traditionally
are used to process and cool the warm water created by
an industrial process such as:
o Power plant operations [nuclear plants, coal-fired
plant]
o Refineries
o Mills [paper, steel etc] &
o Chemical plants
o Food processing plants

9. 9
Once the water has cooled in
the pond, it is reused by the
plant & new water is added to
the system to replace the
water lost through
evaporation.
The pond receives thermal
energy in the water from
the
plant’s condensers during
the process of energy
production
Working :-
Allow cooling via radiation,
evaporation, and
conduction before being
recirculated back into the
cooling system via the
system pumps.

10. 10
Add a footer
 Cooling towers :-
Cooling towers are type of heat exchanger that
allows water and air to come in contact with
each other to lower the temperature of the hot
water.
Cooling towers provide a cost-effective and
energy efficient operation of systems in need
of cooling.
Used for ;
o Ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)
o Power plants.
o Petroleum refineries,& petrochemical plants.
o Natural gas processing plants
o Food processing plants,

11. 11
Working :-
When overheated water goes into
the cooling tower, the water is
passed through some nozzles
which spray the water into small
droplets which increases the
surface area of water and allows
for better heat loss thru greater
evaporation.
Heat leaves the recirculating
cooling tower water through
evaporation. The colder water
then reenters the air conditioning
equipment or process to cool that
equipment down, and the cooling
cycle repeats over and over
again
The purpose of the fan to
bring an air from the
bottom of the tower and
move it up and he air will
carry the heat through
evaporating water from the
cooling tower into the
atmosphere.

12. 12
 Involved economy :-
o Water covers almost 70% of the world's surface.
Of that, only 2.5% is fresh, and just 1% of that is
available for use. Water quality of streams, lakes,
and rivers depends on the sources that feed
them.
o Unfortunately thermal pollution is created when
inappropriate water released into them by
sewage,
industrial matter,power plants or by narural
process.
o It costs the economy by impacting:
 Cost of treating thermal water
 Climate Affects ( Air & Water )

13. 13
Climate Effect on Economy ( Air & Water ) :-
 Air Pollution Factor :
Water that is applied in cooling towers,
contains salts ( chlorine, sulphates ) and
metal ions ( iron and manganese ).
The presence of these pollutants can
cause Biological growth of humans as well as this
pollutants affects on Birds, Global Warming etc.
 Economy Effected on :-
 Global warming effects damage to property and
infrastructure, lost productivity, mass migration and
security threats.
 Public Health health care providers, hospitals and
clinics, managed care and public health promotion
activities
Air Pollution affects Economy & Lifes :

14. 14
 Thermal pollution damages water
ecosystems and reduces animal
populations. Plant species, algae,
bacteria, and multi-celled animals all
respond differently to significant
temperature changes.
 Treatment of thermal water causes heavy
maintainance to government,
maintainance for aquatic animal
reproductivity, metabolic rates etc.
 Less amount of oxygen causes climate
effects like natural evaporation
phenomenon too.
 Water Pollution Factor :-

15. 15
Refrences
 Ecological effects of thermal discharges by T langford
 Energy and the environment by theodore L brown
 Thermal pollution analysis by joseph A. Schetz (editor)
 Thermal ecology : J. Whitfield gibbons
 Https://www.Britannica.Com/explore/savingearth/thermal-pollution
 Https://www.Sciencedirect.Com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/thermal-
pollution

16. THANK YOU!