The document provides an operation manual for a DMF-1 Series Coriolis mass flow meter. It discusses safety guidelines, an overview of the instrument's operation, technical parameters, structure diagrams, terminal wiring, installation instructions, calibration procedures, dimensions, troubleshooting tips, gas density conversions, and upper flow limits.
This document provides an installation and operation guide for a thermal gas mass flowmeter. It describes the measuring principle of using two temperature sensors, one heated, to monitor gas flow. Specifications include measuring various gases from 0.1-100 Nm/s with 1-2.5% accuracy from -40-220°C. Installation and wiring instructions are provided along with menus for the LCD display and appendices on conversions, troubleshooting and specifications.
The document compares Thermal Stream Systems and Direct Thermal Head systems for temperature testing of integrated circuits (ICs). Thermal Stream Systems use compressed air to control temperature but require more space, infrastructure, and maintenance. Direct Thermal Head systems provide temperature control through direct contact and are more portable, quieter to operate, easier to set up, and less expensive to purchase and maintain long-term. For many IC testing needs, Direct Thermal Head systems offer a more practical solution due to their compact size, plug-and-play capability, and overall lower cost of ownership.
This document provides an overview of the AMS2750E heat treatment standard. It is part of a series of guides on heat treatment control. This specific guide focuses on explaining key aspects of the AMS2750E standard for suppliers and end users, including instrumentation requirements, system accuracy tests, temperature uniformity surveys, and equipment classes. The guide also discusses how instrument suppliers can help meet the standard's requirements through services like calibrated thermocouples, instruments, field testing equipment, calibration, training and data management support.
Hướng dẫn sử dụng máy đo đa năng Testo 550 KIT
https://testostore.vn/san-pham/testo-550-kit/
https://testostore.vn/danh-muc/do-ap-suat/may-do-ap-suat-chan-khong/
Hướng dẫn sử dụng Teso 570
https://testostore.vn/san-pham/may-do-chan-khong-testo-570/
https://testostore.vn/danh-muc/do-ap-suat/may-do-ap-suat-chan-khong/
1.)(485 pages) C&I Measurements and Conversions.docxArjunSen24
This document discusses basic measurements including pressure, temperature, flow, level, and vibrations. It provides details on different types of pressure measurement units and how pressure is classified as static or dynamic. It also discusses different temperature scales and common devices for temperature measurement including thermocouples, thermistors, and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). The document compares RTDs and thermocouples and discusses advantages and limitations of infrared temperature measurement.
The document describes ZippTorK's wireless torque control system for bolting applications. The system includes a wireless torque transducer, torque controller, and optional accessories like a barcode scanner. The transducer measures torque and angle during assembly and transmits data wirelessly to the controller. The controller allows setting target torque values, monitoring the process, and collecting production records. It provides accurate torque control of various power tools from any brand. The system enables traceability of fastening processes and records through wireless data collection and cloud connectivity.
This document provides an installation and operation guide for a thermal gas mass flowmeter. It describes the measuring principle of using two temperature sensors, one heated, to monitor gas flow. Specifications include measuring various gases from 0.1-100 Nm/s with 1-2.5% accuracy from -40-220°C. Installation and wiring instructions are provided along with menus for the LCD display and appendices on conversions, troubleshooting and specifications.
The document compares Thermal Stream Systems and Direct Thermal Head systems for temperature testing of integrated circuits (ICs). Thermal Stream Systems use compressed air to control temperature but require more space, infrastructure, and maintenance. Direct Thermal Head systems provide temperature control through direct contact and are more portable, quieter to operate, easier to set up, and less expensive to purchase and maintain long-term. For many IC testing needs, Direct Thermal Head systems offer a more practical solution due to their compact size, plug-and-play capability, and overall lower cost of ownership.
This document provides an overview of the AMS2750E heat treatment standard. It is part of a series of guides on heat treatment control. This specific guide focuses on explaining key aspects of the AMS2750E standard for suppliers and end users, including instrumentation requirements, system accuracy tests, temperature uniformity surveys, and equipment classes. The guide also discusses how instrument suppliers can help meet the standard's requirements through services like calibrated thermocouples, instruments, field testing equipment, calibration, training and data management support.
Hướng dẫn sử dụng máy đo đa năng Testo 550 KIT
https://testostore.vn/san-pham/testo-550-kit/
https://testostore.vn/danh-muc/do-ap-suat/may-do-ap-suat-chan-khong/
Hướng dẫn sử dụng Teso 570
https://testostore.vn/san-pham/may-do-chan-khong-testo-570/
https://testostore.vn/danh-muc/do-ap-suat/may-do-ap-suat-chan-khong/
1.)(485 pages) C&I Measurements and Conversions.docxArjunSen24
This document discusses basic measurements including pressure, temperature, flow, level, and vibrations. It provides details on different types of pressure measurement units and how pressure is classified as static or dynamic. It also discusses different temperature scales and common devices for temperature measurement including thermocouples, thermistors, and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). The document compares RTDs and thermocouples and discusses advantages and limitations of infrared temperature measurement.
The document describes ZippTorK's wireless torque control system for bolting applications. The system includes a wireless torque transducer, torque controller, and optional accessories like a barcode scanner. The transducer measures torque and angle during assembly and transmits data wirelessly to the controller. The controller allows setting target torque values, monitoring the process, and collecting production records. It provides accurate torque control of various power tools from any brand. The system enables traceability of fastening processes and records through wireless data collection and cloud connectivity.
This document provides an introduction to instrumentation equipment used in industrial processes like electric generating stations. It discusses instrumentation techniques used to measure key process parameters such as level, flow, pressure, temperature and neutron flux. Common instrumentation includes pressure, level, flow and temperature sensors. Signal transmission is typically pneumatic or electronic, with 4-20 mA being the standard electronic range. Accurate monitoring and control of processes is enabled by instrumentation and signals being transmitted to a central control room. Trend recorders are used to record process behavior over time for assessment. The document introduces international standards for symbols used in instrumentation diagrams.
This document describes the SHTW2 humidity and temperature sensor IC. It provides specifications for the sensor including accuracy tolerances for humidity and temperature measurements, electrical characteristics, and timing information. Key features of the SHTW2 include an ultra-small flip chip package, industry-proven reliability, and typical accuracy of ±3% RH and ±0.4°C. The sensor uses Sensirion's CMOSens technology to integrate a humidity sensor, temperature sensor, analog and digital signal processing, calibration memory, and I2C interface on a single chip.
Hướng dẫn sử dụng Testo 420
https://testostore.vn/san-pham/may-do-ap-suat-chenh-lech-testo-420-0560-0420/
https://testostore.vn/danh-muc/do-ap-suat/may-do-ap-suat-vi-sai/
ZIPPTORK Wireless Torque Transducer and Torque Controller are applicable to most of power torque tools for bolting intelligently with excellent torque control accuracy and data collection
Prior to Assembly: For checking the torque tool capability and calibrating the torque setting
During Assembly: For controlling and recording the torque being applied to the bolted joint instantly and wirelessly
After Assembly: For effectively verifying the residual torque accuracy with angle / torque mode
This manual will assist you in installing, using and maintaining your Zero Instrument flow meter. It is your responsibility to make sure that all operators have access to adequate instructions about safe operating and maintenance procedure.
Srinivas Reyya is seeking a challenging position utilizing his 11 years of experience in industrial instrumentation. He has worked in the sugar and cement industries calibrating and maintaining field instruments. He holds qualifications in instrumentation, electricity, and apprenticeships. Reyya has skills in software, operating systems, and hardware troubleshooting. He provides details of his professional experience maintaining and calibrating various instruments at multiple companies in the sugar and cement industries.
This document discusses ZIPP Assembly Technology's torque control solutions for industrial assembly applications involving bolting and fastening. It introduces the ZIPPTORK wireless torque transducer and torque controller, which allows for real-time monitoring, data logging, intelligent control, and auto compensation of torque during fastening processes. The system utilizes a patented control device, algorithm, and wireless torque transducer to enable controllable and traceable fastening with accessibility to data through internet-connected devices. Key features and specifications of the ZIPPTORK system and its components are then outlined.
Vikalo Instruments is leading manufacturing company to provide Process Engineering Solutions with our industrial products such as Pressure & Temperature Gauges,Thermocouple,Rtd,Industrial Heater and other process equipment in the Instrumentation Engineering filed.
Z-Wave Fan coil Thermostat Heltun_HE-HT01_User_Manual.pdfDomotica daVinci
The document provides a user manual for the HE-HT01 thermostat. It has 6 operating modes including Comfort, Schedule, Floor Drying, Energy Saving, Vacation, and Manual. It can be installed flush in an electrical junction box and controls heating systems up to 16A. The thermostat integrates Z-Wave technology for smart home control and has touch buttons, LCD display, and sensors for temperature, humidity, and energy usage.
The document provides information about bolting strategies and torque control solutions from China Pneumatic Corporation. It discusses [1] types of joints that require different tightening forces, [2] methods for measuring torque at different stages of assembly, and [3] a novel wireless torque control method that uses a transducer and controller to accurately control torque without costly torque tools. The document promotes China Pneumatic Corporation's complete torque control solutions for bolting works including wireless transducers, sensing bolts, controllers, and monitoring systems.
The document provides information about bolting strategies and torque control solutions from China Pneumatic Corporation. It discusses [1] types of joints that require different tightening forces, [2] methods for measuring torque at different stages of assembly, and [3] a novel wireless torque control method using a transducer and controller that automatically compensates for tool power loss to achieve the target torque. The document promotes China Pneumatic Corporation's complete solution for bolting works including wireless sensing bolts, transmitting sockets, and controllers that allow remote monitoring of bolt status.
The document provides information about bolting strategies and torque control solutions from China Pneumatic Corporation. It discusses [1] types of joints that require different tightening forces, [2] methods for measuring torque at different stages of assembly, and [3] a novel wireless torque control method that uses a transducer and controller to accurately control torque without costly torque tools. The document promotes China Pneumatic Corporation's complete solutions for bolting works including wireless transducers, sensing bolts, transmitters, and controllers.
This document discusses automation in the pharmaceutical industry. It defines automation and describes its advantages such as improved quality, reduced costs, and increased safety. Automation can occur at various stages of manufacturing like material handling, production processes, and quality control. The document also discusses process control and variables like temperature, pressure, and flow that are important to measure. It provides examples of automation in tablet manufacturing that can improve material handling and specific unit operations.
The SP series solar working station controls split-system solar hot water heating systems. It connects the solar collectors and pressurized water tank to efficiently convert solar energy into heat. As the heart of the system, it ensures safety and allows remote monitoring/control via an app. Its touchscreen interface displays operating parameters and system status. The station can integrate up to 39 systems and includes pumps, sensors, and relays to circulate water and trigger auxiliary heating based on temperature thresholds and schedules. Firmware updates allow customizing controls to user needs.
This document provides instructions for measuring the winding resistance of machine windings in stators and rotors to verify fault-free manufacturing and determine temperature rise. The resistance is measured using volt-amp or resistance bridge methods by feeding a DC current phase by phase and calculating resistance from the voltage and current. Factors like winding temperature, measurement accuracy, and correction formulas for temperature are addressed. Deviations from nominal values require a nonconformity report, and the document is the copyrighted property of PNG Power.
The document discusses the qualification of analytical equipment, specifically gas chromatography. It describes the four parts of qualification: design qualification, installation qualification, operational qualification, and performance qualification. It then provides examples of tests and acceptance criteria for various parameters of a gas chromatography system, including the inlet system, oven, and flame ionization detector. Tests include leak tests, repeatability, linearity, noise, drift and more. The goal is to verify that the GC system is installed and functioning properly.
This document provides instructions for operating and maintaining a Wuxi Kipor Power Co. generator. It begins with model specifications for single and three-phase generators. It then provides preparatory steps for operation, including environmental requirements, initial checks of engine oil, coolant, fuel and for leaks. The document outlines starting, running and stop procedures. It also includes sections on maintenance, troubleshooting and wiring diagrams.
What is a flowmeter ?
Simply a device that can monitor and measure the actual amount of ‘product’ being sent through it. Typically flowmeters in industry are used for monitoring use of water, chemicals, ingredients, etc.
In the field of industrial measurement and control, radar level meters are widely favored for their advantages of high accuracy and non-contact measurement. However, as a key component of this system – antenna, its performance directly affects the measurement effect of the whole level meter. Today, we will explore the knowledge of radar level meter antenna in depth, in order to better understand its working principle and application.
In the process of modern urban wastewater treatment, the fecal liquid receiving tank undertakes the task of collecting feces and organic waste in domestic sewage, which is an indispensable link in the wastewater treatment chain, and the special environmental conditions of the fecal liquid receiving tank bring challenges to the liquid level measurement.
In this paper, we will discuss the characteristics of fecal liquid receiving tank and analyze the application effect of radar level meter in liquid level monitoring through practical cases.
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This document provides an introduction to instrumentation equipment used in industrial processes like electric generating stations. It discusses instrumentation techniques used to measure key process parameters such as level, flow, pressure, temperature and neutron flux. Common instrumentation includes pressure, level, flow and temperature sensors. Signal transmission is typically pneumatic or electronic, with 4-20 mA being the standard electronic range. Accurate monitoring and control of processes is enabled by instrumentation and signals being transmitted to a central control room. Trend recorders are used to record process behavior over time for assessment. The document introduces international standards for symbols used in instrumentation diagrams.
This document describes the SHTW2 humidity and temperature sensor IC. It provides specifications for the sensor including accuracy tolerances for humidity and temperature measurements, electrical characteristics, and timing information. Key features of the SHTW2 include an ultra-small flip chip package, industry-proven reliability, and typical accuracy of ±3% RH and ±0.4°C. The sensor uses Sensirion's CMOSens technology to integrate a humidity sensor, temperature sensor, analog and digital signal processing, calibration memory, and I2C interface on a single chip.
Hướng dẫn sử dụng Testo 420
https://testostore.vn/san-pham/may-do-ap-suat-chenh-lech-testo-420-0560-0420/
https://testostore.vn/danh-muc/do-ap-suat/may-do-ap-suat-vi-sai/
ZIPPTORK Wireless Torque Transducer and Torque Controller are applicable to most of power torque tools for bolting intelligently with excellent torque control accuracy and data collection
Prior to Assembly: For checking the torque tool capability and calibrating the torque setting
During Assembly: For controlling and recording the torque being applied to the bolted joint instantly and wirelessly
After Assembly: For effectively verifying the residual torque accuracy with angle / torque mode
This manual will assist you in installing, using and maintaining your Zero Instrument flow meter. It is your responsibility to make sure that all operators have access to adequate instructions about safe operating and maintenance procedure.
Srinivas Reyya is seeking a challenging position utilizing his 11 years of experience in industrial instrumentation. He has worked in the sugar and cement industries calibrating and maintaining field instruments. He holds qualifications in instrumentation, electricity, and apprenticeships. Reyya has skills in software, operating systems, and hardware troubleshooting. He provides details of his professional experience maintaining and calibrating various instruments at multiple companies in the sugar and cement industries.
This document discusses ZIPP Assembly Technology's torque control solutions for industrial assembly applications involving bolting and fastening. It introduces the ZIPPTORK wireless torque transducer and torque controller, which allows for real-time monitoring, data logging, intelligent control, and auto compensation of torque during fastening processes. The system utilizes a patented control device, algorithm, and wireless torque transducer to enable controllable and traceable fastening with accessibility to data through internet-connected devices. Key features and specifications of the ZIPPTORK system and its components are then outlined.
Vikalo Instruments is leading manufacturing company to provide Process Engineering Solutions with our industrial products such as Pressure & Temperature Gauges,Thermocouple,Rtd,Industrial Heater and other process equipment in the Instrumentation Engineering filed.
Z-Wave Fan coil Thermostat Heltun_HE-HT01_User_Manual.pdfDomotica daVinci
The document provides a user manual for the HE-HT01 thermostat. It has 6 operating modes including Comfort, Schedule, Floor Drying, Energy Saving, Vacation, and Manual. It can be installed flush in an electrical junction box and controls heating systems up to 16A. The thermostat integrates Z-Wave technology for smart home control and has touch buttons, LCD display, and sensors for temperature, humidity, and energy usage.
The document provides information about bolting strategies and torque control solutions from China Pneumatic Corporation. It discusses [1] types of joints that require different tightening forces, [2] methods for measuring torque at different stages of assembly, and [3] a novel wireless torque control method that uses a transducer and controller to accurately control torque without costly torque tools. The document promotes China Pneumatic Corporation's complete torque control solutions for bolting works including wireless transducers, sensing bolts, controllers, and monitoring systems.
The document provides information about bolting strategies and torque control solutions from China Pneumatic Corporation. It discusses [1] types of joints that require different tightening forces, [2] methods for measuring torque at different stages of assembly, and [3] a novel wireless torque control method using a transducer and controller that automatically compensates for tool power loss to achieve the target torque. The document promotes China Pneumatic Corporation's complete solution for bolting works including wireless sensing bolts, transmitting sockets, and controllers that allow remote monitoring of bolt status.
The document provides information about bolting strategies and torque control solutions from China Pneumatic Corporation. It discusses [1] types of joints that require different tightening forces, [2] methods for measuring torque at different stages of assembly, and [3] a novel wireless torque control method that uses a transducer and controller to accurately control torque without costly torque tools. The document promotes China Pneumatic Corporation's complete solutions for bolting works including wireless transducers, sensing bolts, transmitters, and controllers.
This document discusses automation in the pharmaceutical industry. It defines automation and describes its advantages such as improved quality, reduced costs, and increased safety. Automation can occur at various stages of manufacturing like material handling, production processes, and quality control. The document also discusses process control and variables like temperature, pressure, and flow that are important to measure. It provides examples of automation in tablet manufacturing that can improve material handling and specific unit operations.
The SP series solar working station controls split-system solar hot water heating systems. It connects the solar collectors and pressurized water tank to efficiently convert solar energy into heat. As the heart of the system, it ensures safety and allows remote monitoring/control via an app. Its touchscreen interface displays operating parameters and system status. The station can integrate up to 39 systems and includes pumps, sensors, and relays to circulate water and trigger auxiliary heating based on temperature thresholds and schedules. Firmware updates allow customizing controls to user needs.
This document provides instructions for measuring the winding resistance of machine windings in stators and rotors to verify fault-free manufacturing and determine temperature rise. The resistance is measured using volt-amp or resistance bridge methods by feeding a DC current phase by phase and calculating resistance from the voltage and current. Factors like winding temperature, measurement accuracy, and correction formulas for temperature are addressed. Deviations from nominal values require a nonconformity report, and the document is the copyrighted property of PNG Power.
The document discusses the qualification of analytical equipment, specifically gas chromatography. It describes the four parts of qualification: design qualification, installation qualification, operational qualification, and performance qualification. It then provides examples of tests and acceptance criteria for various parameters of a gas chromatography system, including the inlet system, oven, and flame ionization detector. Tests include leak tests, repeatability, linearity, noise, drift and more. The goal is to verify that the GC system is installed and functioning properly.
This document provides instructions for operating and maintaining a Wuxi Kipor Power Co. generator. It begins with model specifications for single and three-phase generators. It then provides preparatory steps for operation, including environmental requirements, initial checks of engine oil, coolant, fuel and for leaks. The document outlines starting, running and stop procedures. It also includes sections on maintenance, troubleshooting and wiring diagrams.
What is a flowmeter ?
Simply a device that can monitor and measure the actual amount of ‘product’ being sent through it. Typically flowmeters in industry are used for monitoring use of water, chemicals, ingredients, etc.
Similar to Thermal mass flow meter Operational Manual.pdf (20)
In the field of industrial measurement and control, radar level meters are widely favored for their advantages of high accuracy and non-contact measurement. However, as a key component of this system – antenna, its performance directly affects the measurement effect of the whole level meter. Today, we will explore the knowledge of radar level meter antenna in depth, in order to better understand its working principle and application.
In the process of modern urban wastewater treatment, the fecal liquid receiving tank undertakes the task of collecting feces and organic waste in domestic sewage, which is an indispensable link in the wastewater treatment chain, and the special environmental conditions of the fecal liquid receiving tank bring challenges to the liquid level measurement.
In this paper, we will discuss the characteristics of fecal liquid receiving tank and analyze the application effect of radar level meter in liquid level monitoring through practical cases.
In the bakery industry, the management of ingredients is crucial. Accurately monitoring the stock level of bakery ingredients in small silos is of great significance to ensure production continuity and reduce waste.
In this paper, we will discuss the level characteristics of small silos for bakery ingredients, and combine them with an actual measurement case to illustrate the application effect of radar level meters.
Industrial measurement and control technology, radar level meter has become an indispensable tool for many industries with its advantages of high accuracy, high reliability and easy maintenance.
However, there are many brands of radar level meters on the market with different functions, how to make a wise choice among the complicated products? This article will provide you with a detailed brand selection guide to help you find the most suitable radar level meter for your needs.
In ship operation, ensuring accurate monitoring of fuel level in fuel tanks is extremely critical for safe navigation and energy efficiency management. Accurate measurement of fuel tank oil level can guarantee the stable oil supply of ship power system, and at the same time avoid oil spill accident and protect the marine environment.
Therefore, the choice of measurement technology for fuel tank oil level on ships is particularly important, and guided wave radar level meter is highly respected in this field for its high precision and high reliability.
In the process of industrial production, especially in the fields of petrochemical industry and mining industry, the sulfur pit is used as a facility for storing liquid sulfur, and the accurate measurement of its liquid level is of vital significance for guaranteeing production safety and environmental protection.
The characteristics of liquid sulfur in the sulfur pit and the environmental conditions put forward special requirements for the liquid level measurement technology, and the radar level meter, with its high accuracy and high reliability, shows a unique advantage in this field.
As an important base for energy conversion and supply, the operational efficiency and safety of power plants are of paramount importance. In the daily operation of power plants, level monitoring is a key link to ensure smooth production processes and prevent accidents.
As an advanced level measurement device, radar level meter is widely used in power plants because of its high accuracy, high reliability and adaptability. In this paper, we will discuss how to select and apply radar level meter in power plants.
In the petrochemical industry, the Amine Absorption Tower plays a vital role. It removes harmful carbon dioxide and other acid gases from industrial emissions by chemical absorption. The high viscosity and corrosive nature of the amine liquid makes monitoring and controlling the level of the amine liquid absorption tower particularly complex.
Therefore, the selection of a level measurement technology that is both accurate and reliable is essential to ensure the efficient operation of amine absorption towers. In this context, guided wave radar level meter is favored for its excellent performance.
In the field of industrial measurement, radar level meters are favored because of their high accuracy, reliability and wide range of applications. However, there are a wide variety of radar level meters on the market, and how to judge their quality has become a problem that users must face. Next, we will discuss the evaluation criteria of radar level meters from multiple dimensions.
First of all, accuracy is the primary indicator for measuring the performance of radar level meters. A high-quality radar level meter should have high-precision measurement capabilities and a very small error range. Therefore, when choosing, you should carefully check the product’s technical specifications to understand its accuracy parameters. Secondly, stability is also the key to judging the quality of radar level meters. In harsh industrial environments, external factors such as temperature, pressure, humidity, etc. may affect the stability of the equipment. High-quality radar level meters can maintain stable operation under a wide range of environmental conditions, such as operating normally in the temperature range of -40°C to +250°C, and are not easily affected by high pressure or steam. Furthermore, adaptability is a criterion that cannot be ignored when evaluating radar level meters. Excellent radar level meters can adapt to different media, including solids, liquids, slurries, etc.
In modern industrial and environmental protection projects, leachate wells are key facilities for treating wastewater produced in landfills. Accurate measurement of their liquid levels is of great significance for ensuring environmental safety and improving treatment efficiency.
Just as doctors use stethoscopes to accurately capture the rhythm of a heartbeat, engineers rely on radar level gauges to gain insight into changes in fluid levels in leachate wells. This article will conduct an in-depth analysis of the liquid level characteristics of leachate wells, and demonstrate the application value of radar level meters in this field through an actual measurement case.
Level measurement in cullet silos is a challenging task in industrial production. Due to the characteristics of cullet, such as irregular shape, fragility and reflectivity, it is not easy to accurately measure its material level in actual measurements.
This article will introduce the material level characteristics of cullet silos in detail, and analyze the application of radar level meters in cullet silo material level measurement based on actual cases.
The characteristics of the material level of the cullet silo mainly include the following aspects: Irregular material shape: The cullet shows an irregular shape, which causes the density and volume of the material accumulation to change greatly, making it difficult to measure the material level.
Materials with strong reflectivity: Broken glass has strong reflectivity and strong absorption and scattering effects on radar waves, which may cause severe attenuation of measurement signals and affect measurement accuracy. Poor material fluidity: Broken glass is easily stuck between pieces, resulting in poor fluidity and affecting the normal flow and emptying of materials.
Harsh measurement environment: Crushed glass silos are usually located in harsh environments such as high temperature, high humidity, and dust, which place high requirements on the durability and stability of measurement equipment.
As a non-contact measuring instrument, radar level gauge is widely used in liquid level measurement of various liquid storage tanks. However, during the actual installation process, some common misunderstandings may affect its measurement accuracy and stability. This article will discuss the installation misunderstandings of radar level gauges to help users better understand and avoid these problems.
The main building of a hydropower station is the core area of the hydropower station, where the measurement and control of liquid level are crucial to the stable operation of the hydropower station.
There are many instruments on the market that can be used to measure the liquid level in the main building of a hydropower station.
Radar level meter is one of them. It has been widely used in the liquid level measurement of the main building of a hydropower station.
Today we will introduce the application of radar level gauges in liquid level measurement in the main building of hydropower stations through two actual measurement cases.
In the ethanol production process, raw material silos are important facilities for storing raw materials for ethanol production, and accurate measurement of their material levels is of great significance to ensure production efficiency and product quality. As a high-precision measuring instrument, radar level meter is widely used in material level measurement in raw material silos of ethanol production.
This article will introduce the characteristics of ethanol production silos, and use a practical case to illustrate the application of radar level meters in the material level measurement of ethanol production raw material silos.
As a non-contact measuring instrument, radar level gauge has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy, good stability, and small impact on the measured medium. It is widely used in the measurement of various liquid levels.
However, in practical applications, radar level gauge distortion sometimes occurs, which brings great trouble to the measurement work. This article will introduce the causes and treatment methods of radar level gauge distortion.
It is common in industry to measure various non-electrical physical quantities, such as temperature, pressure, speed, angle, etc., which need to be converted into analog electrical signals before they can be transmitted to a control room or display device hundreds of meters away.
This device that converts physical quantities into electrical signals is called a transmitter. The most widely used in industry is to use 4~20mA current to transmit analog quantities.
As a non-contact measuring instrument, radar level gauge has been widely used in industrial applications. However, in actual use, radar level gauges may be affected by various interference factors, resulting in inaccurate measurement results.
In order to ensure the measurement accuracy and stability of the radar level gauge, eliminating interference has become a problem that must be faced.
As a renewable energy source, the liquid level measurement of biogas digesters has been put to the test. As we all know, in the industrial field, the application of radar level gauges is becoming more and more common.
So, can the radar level meter be used to measure small biogas pools? This article will discuss the principle, measurement range, error analysis and other aspects of the radar level meter.
In the ever-evolving landscape of industrial instrumentation, Coriolis mass flow meters have emerged as pivotal devices, revolutionizing the measurement and control of fluid flows across various sectors. As global industries strive for enhanced accuracy, efficiency, and sustainability, the demand for advanced flow measurement technologies has surged. Coriolis mass flow meters, with their ability to provide precise and real-time measurements of mass flow, density, and temperature, have become indispensable tools in optimizing processes and ensuring compliance with rigorous industry standards.
This article delves into the dynamic and rapidly evolving global market trends surrounding Coriolis mass flow meter technology. From oil and gas to pharmaceuticals, food and beverage to chemicals, the application of Coriolis meters spans diverse sectors, underscoring their versatility. With ongoing technological advancements pushing the boundaries of precision and reliability, stakeholders in these industries are progressively incorporating Coriolis mass flow meters into their operations. This integration fosters innovation and propels the next phase of industrial evolution.
Radar level meter, as an advanced measuring equipment, has been widely used in many industries due to its high accuracy and high stability. Especially in the key field of offshore oil and gas exploration, the role of radar level gauges is even more indispensable. This article will discuss the application value of radar level meters in the offshore oil and gas exploration industry.
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This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
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2. Content
Safety……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
Overview……………………………………………………………………………………………….………… 3
Technical Parameters………………………………………………………………………………..……… 4
Structure Diagram…………………………………………………………………………………….……… 6
Terminal and Wiring…………………………………………………………………………………….…… 9
Installation………………………………………………………………………………………………….….… 10
Calibration & Operation………………………………………………………………………….…………13
Dimension draft…………………………………………………………………………………………………20
Trouble Shooting …………………………………………………………..…………………………………22
General gas density and relative air conversion coefficient………………..………………23
Uper flow range limit of general gases………………………………………………………………24
3.
4. Safety
Thank you for choosing our company. We independently researched and developed production
of thermal gas mass flow meter,
The thermal mass flow meter user's manual documents will guide you to use this product
correctly and safely. This product is a gas flow measurement of precision electronic instruments.
In order to prevent damage to the instrument and to achieve the best performance and stable
operation, please read this manual carefully before installation and debugging.
After reading this manual, please keep it properly with this instrument.
Please provide this manual to the user's technical department.
This manual contains important information on danger, things that needs attention and
other important classification.
The Following signs below can appear in the instructions below:
The figure on the left shows what could be dangerous;
The figure on the left shows the items that need attention;
The figure on the left shows what is prohibited.
Warning
Failure to observe this warning may result in personal injury or
damage to this instrument and other property.
Failure to follow this warning may result in personal injury or death
or major accidents.
Danger
1
5. Explosion-proof environment, the use of explosion-proof instruments to confirm the
instrument nameplate identification of the explosion-proof certification and temperature
group logo, without this logo can not be used for explosive atmosphere instrument。
Instrument explosion-proof temperature group must meet the site explosion-proof and
temperature environmental requirements When there are applications where the
requirements of explosion-proof, the explosion-proof temperature of the instrument to
confirm the group, whether to meet the on-site explosion-proof, temperature requirements.
In Explosive environment it is not allowed to open the charged lid or temper with wiring
operation, you must first disconnect the power before operation。
The degree of protection of the instrument to meet the requirements of field conditions
Instrument protection level is in accordance with GB4208-93 (equivalent to IEC529) in the
relevant requirements for testing and classification. The degree of protection required at the
site should be lower or equal to the degree of protection of the instrument to ensure a good
working environment of the instrument.
Confirm the type of power supply Users can choose two kinds of power supply for the meter
power supply, AC 220V and DC + 24V (goods should indicate). Before installing the power
must be confirmed that the type of power supply and instrument match.
Confirm the working environment of the instrument and the temperature of the medium
The maximum design temperature of the environment and the medium of the instrument
should be lower than the nominal value of the instrument (for the nominal value, refer to
"Technical Parameters and Functions" in this manual)
When the medium temperature is too high, it is forbidden to install and maintain the
operation online. When the measuring medium temperature is higher than the human body
withstand temperature or higher than the dangerous temperature, it should be shut down or
cool down, reach the safe temperature and then operate, no conditions online Operation,
operation should be discontinued, so as to avoid danger.
Confirm instrument working environment Pressure and medium pressure The ambient
pressure of the scene and the maximum design pressure of the medium should be lower than
the nominal value of the instrument (see "Technical Parameters and Functions" in this manual
for the nominal value).
When the medium pressure is too high, it is forbidden to install and maintain the operation
on-line. When the absolute pressure of the measuring medium is higher than 5 standard
atmospheric pressure or higher than the dangerous pressure, it should be stopped or
depressurized. When reaching the safety pressure, No conditions should be discontinued.
Additional requirements for special media measurement Some gas media have special
2
6. characteristics and require users to specify special types of products according to the actual
situation on the site. Before installation, users should carefully check whether the product
type meets the requirements of the site.
When the medium is dangerous gas, prohibit the on-line installation and maintenance of
the type of gas which may cause harm to the human body when measuring the medium.
Prohibit the on-line installation and maintenance. Carry out the related safety treatment so
that the scene conditions can be safely installed. No conditions for online operations should
be discontinued operation, so as to avoid danger. Such gases as: gas chlorine and so on.
Do not operate if there is something wrong with the instrument. If there is any problem with
the instrument or if it is damaged, please contact our technician or qualified service personnel to
inspect it.
Overview
TMF-1-980 Series Thermal Gas Mass Flow Meter is designed based on the thermal diffusion
principle. The meter uses the constant temperature difference method to accurately measure of
the gas medium. It has the advantages of small size, high digitization, easy installation and
accurate measurement.
The sensor part consists of two reference grade platinum resistance temperature sensors. When
the instrument is working, one sensor continuously measures the medium temperature T1; the
other sensor self-heats above the medium temperature T2. It is used to sense the fluid flow rate,
which is called speed sensor. The temperature ΔT=T2-T1 and T2>T1. When fluid flows, the
temperature of T2 drops because the gas molecules collide with the sensor and take away the
heat of T2. To maintain ΔT constant, T2 power current should be increased. As the gas flow rate
increases more heat will be taken away, the gas flow rate and there is a fixed functional
relationship between the gas flow rate and the increased heat. This is the principle of constant
temperature difference.
(1)
- Fluid Specific Gravity (related to density,SG)=
V- Velocity
K- Coefficient of Balance
Q- Added Heat Amount (Specific heat and structure related)
3
7. ΔT- Difference in Temperature
Since the sensor temperature is always about 30°C higher than the temperature of the medium
(ambient), the thermal gas flow meter does not require temperature compensation in principle.
Thermal gas mass flow meter is suitable for the medium temperature range of -40-220 °C.
(1) Fluid specific gravity and density are related
(2)
- Medium density under operating conditions (kg/m3)
ρn -—--Density of the medium under standard conditions (101.325 Kpa, 20°C) (kg/m3)
P-—-- Operation Pressure (kPa)
T-—-- Operation Temperature
From (1) (2), it can be seen that the relationship between the flow rate, operating pressure, gas
density, and operating temperature function has been determined.
The constant-temperature differential gas mass flow meter is not affected by temperature and is
not affected by pressure. The thermal gas mass flow meter is a true direct mass flow meter, and
the user does not need to correct the pressure and temperature.
Technical Parameters
Thermal gas mass flow meters have the following technical advantages:
True mass flow meter, does not require temperature and pressure compensation for gas flow
measurement, easy and accurate measurement. Gas mass flow or standard volume flow can
be obtained
Wide range ratio, can measure gas flow rate up to 100Nm/s down to 0.1Nm/s gas, can be
used for gas leak detection.
Anti-seismic performance and long service life. The sensor has no moving parts and
pressure sensing parts and is not affected by the vibration on the measurement accuracy.
Easy installation and maintenance. With on-site conditions, installation and maintenance can
be achieved without stopping production. (needs special customization)
Digital design. Integral digital circuit measurement, accurate measurement and easy
maintenance.
Using RS-485 communication, or HART communication, can realize factory automation and
integration
4
8. Property Technical Parameters
Structure Type Insertion Inline type
Medium Various Gas(Excluding Acetylene Gas)
Pipeline Parameter DN50~4000mm DN10~DN150
Flow Rate Range 0.1~120 Nm/s
Accuracy ±1~2.5%
Operation Temerpature Sensor:-40~+220℃ Transmitter:-20~+45℃
Operation Pressure Medium Pressure ≤ 2.5MPa
Medium Pressure ≤
4.0MPa
Power Supply DC 24V /500mA or AC220V≤ 18W
Response Speed 1/s
Output Signal
4-20mA(Optical-isolated, maximum load 500Ω)、Pulse 、RS-485(Optical
Isolation)、HART Protocol(Need Special Order)
Alarm (special order required) 1-2road contact point of Electrical relays、10A/220V/AC、5A/30V/DC
Supply Type Separate (detach type)、Single unit
Pipe Material Carbon steel, stainless steel, plastics, etc.
Display 4 line, Chinese/English Display
Display Content
Mass flow, nominal volume flow, cumulative flow, standard time, cumulative
operating time, standard flow rate, etc.
Protection Level IP65
Sensor Material Stainless Steel Stainless Steel
5
9. Structure Diagram:
3.1 Installation and connection of integrated type
1. The insertion thermal mass flow meters should be inserted into the axis of the measured pipe.
So the length of the measuring fork is decided based on the diameter of the pipe. Please provide
us this information when ordering.
2. Inline type thermal mass flow meters are used by the flange connection. And it meets with the
requirements of GB/T9119-2000.
6
10. 4.1 Cable Connection Methods
Do not operate with power
Confirm power supply type.
1. Sensor Terminal
Temperature Measurement Velocity Measurement
(Pt 1000) (Pt 20)
7
11. 2. Terminal and Wiring Method
Wiring Instruction :
24V + – 24VDCPower Supply (Current should not less than 500mA)
Fo + – Frequency Output (instantaneous mass flow or volume flow)
mA + – Current Output (instantaneous flow or density optional)
485A 485B RS-485 Communication (Baud Rate: “9600”, Address: “1”)
GND Signal Shielding
Instrument Shell
8
12. On-site Instrument Installation
If the Instrument is installed outdoor, please add instrument cover, prevent long period of
Sun exposure, and rain.
Do not install in strong vibration areas.
Do not expose to an environment containing a lot of corrosive gases.
Do not share power with devices that contaminate the power supply such as inverters and
welders. If necessary, install a clean power supply for the converter.
1/ Installation location and piping requirements
1. Install the instrument should be away from the elbow, obstacles, adjustable diameter, valves,
to ensure a stable flow field, while requiring a long upper limit straight pipe, the former
straight pipe length is greater than 10D, after the straight pipe length is greater than 5D. The
following figure shows the straight pipe length required for several situations that are often
encountered in the field:
1
10×D
2
3
4
5
6
5×D
流体流向
10×D
5×D
15×D
5×D 30×D
5×D
20×D
10×D
20×D
5×D
Before and after installation requirements
9
13. 2. When the site cannot meet the requirements of the straight pipe section, the gas rectifier can
be connected in series so as to greatly reduce the requirement for the straight pipe section.
Pipe Installation Type Figure
Before instrument straight
pipe section
After instrument straight pipe
section
Horizontal pipe 1 10D 5D
Elbow pipe 2 10D 5D
Enlarge pipe 3 15D 5D
Valve downstream pipe 4 20D 5D
Pipe shrinkage 5 20D 5D
Pipe downstream 6 30D 5D
2/ Thermal Mass Flow Meter Base
Figure 5. Inline mounting soldering base Figure 6 Simplified welding
It is forbidden to perform welding operations in explosive environments.
The environment with special requirements for welding shall be operated in accordance with
the relevant requirements.
According to different installation methods, the base can be divided into standard type and
simplified type. The base should be located at the top of the pipe section direction and the axis of
the base through the hole should be perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. The ideal base welding
position and welding process are shown below.
10
14. Figure 7 Ideal base welding position
Instrument installation
Refer to appendix 1 (Simplified thermal mass flow meter)
1) Confirm the actual inner diameter and wall thickness of the pipe before installing the compact
thermal gas mass flow meter.
2) Put the rest of the Thermal gas mass flow meter into the dedicated ball valve and calculate the
depth to be inserted based on the actual pipe ID and wall thickness. This step can insert a rough
size and hands tighten the nut.
3) Turn the sensor link so that the marker arrow is in the same direction as the media flow.
4) According to the data measured at the scene, the corresponding scale on the connecting rod
of the sensor is converted and the locking nut can be used.
5) If you are installing the instrument in landscape orientation, the display can be installed flexibly
at 90°180°270° to meet your actual needs on site.
Refer to Appendix 2 (Full-tube type thermal gas mass flow meter)
Please confirm again before pre-installation. The connection method of the pipe section
prepares flange-related items such as gaskets and bolts.
Production must be discontinued before installation and strictly abide by the relevant
regulations of the factory..
The full-pipe type instrument has already assembled the sensor on the specialized pipe section
correctly at the factory, the user only needs to assemble the pipe to the scene, so it is simpler to
install than the insertion type. First select the appropriate mounting point on the pipe and then
cut the pipe and install the corresponding flanges and bolts according to the length of the
necessary pipe section. Determine the fluid flow rate to be consistent with the flow label
identified by the full tube thermal mass flow meter. And the display should be perpendicular to
the horizontal plane, the axis of the pipeline should be parallel to the horizontal plane, the error
can not exceed ± 2.5 °. Finally, the instrument is locked by bolts to secure the connections.
The base must be wire cut to the same arc as the
outer diameter of the pipe before welding.
To ensure the sealing of the weld
11
16. Primary setting Password: "20", Advanced Setting Password: "980".
4.2. Parameter Setting
4.2.1 Main Interface Display
4.2.2 Parameter Settings Main interface
4.2.2.1 Primary Menu
In this interface, press the confirmation key to enter the primary setting, the password "20", you
can change the unit, the Cumulative zero, instrument address, baud rate, range changes and
other operations
13
17. 4.2.2.2 Advanced Menu
Press the Enter key to enter the advanced interface. Press enter to enter advanced settings, enter
the password “980”to modify the parameters such as pipe diameter and instrument coefficient.
4.2.2.3 Records
Under this interface press the confirmation key to enter the view record. You can check the
instrument type, the instrument number and so on parameter;
14
18. 4.2.2.4 Output test
Under this interface press the enter key to enter the output test, can simulate the output
(0%~100%) flow the standard current signal (4~20) MA and the standard Frequency signal (0~5)
KHz, carries on the detection to the output signal.
15
19. Communication Protocol
MODBUS—RTU
Address Definition Remark
1000 mass flow Read Only
1002 Mass Total integer Read Only
1004 Mass Total Decimal Read Only
1006 volume flow Read Only
1008 Total Volume integer Read Only
1010 Total Volume decimal Read Only
1012 flow velocity Read Only
1014 Voltage Read Only
1016 Zero Point Voltage Read Only
1018 Slope Read Only
1020 Filter coefficients Read Only
1022 storage space remaining Read Only
1024 Software version number Read Only
1026 flow range Read Only
1028 Medium temperature Read Only
1030 Reserve 2 Read Only
1032 Flow Unit Selection
16
20. 1034 Total Unit Selection
1036 medium
1038 Conversion factor
1040 Current output selection
1042 Current Flow Range
1044 baud rate
1046 Current Velocity Range
1048 Pulse frequency range
1050 Pulse Flow Range
1052 Pulse equivalent coefficient
1054 Frequency output Selection
1056 Lower flow removal
1058 standard condition density
1060 Instrument Address
1062 baud rate
1064 year
1066 month
1068 date
1070 hour
1072 minutes
17
21. Check mode: none
Data bits:8
Stop bits:1
1074 total clearance
1076 Inner pipeline
1078 Instrument coefficient
1080 Zero Point Voltage input
1082 Calibration points
1084 correction points
1086 Velocity Table Index
1088 Voltage of velocity table
1090 Velocity of velocity table
1092 Fixed table index
1094 Velocity of correction table
1096 Coefficient of correction table
1098 4mA Coefficient
1100 20mA Coefficient
1102 working pressure
1104 language 0-Z;1-E
1106 Model
1108 instrument number
1110 Check digit
18
23. 125 1.6 250 210 4x18 290
150 1.6 285 240 4x22 310
1.Flange in the diagram is GB standards HG/T20592-2009. According to HG/T20592-2009
standard processing production.
2.For DN 15~ DN 80 it is possible to use threaded connection, please contact the manufacturer
for more information.
3.In the above chart is according to 1.6Mpa pressure model, any pressure higher than 1.6Mpa
please contact the manufacturer for more information.
Problems Possible Cause Solution
No Display
1. No Power Supply power
2. Meter internal On/Off Switch
damaged
Supply 220VAC power supply, power light
indicator does not light up, indicate On/Off
power switch is damaged
3. DC 24 power connection reversed Detect power polarity
4. Display is aligned Reinstall the display
5. Display is damaged
Check power indicator light,if the light is on
indicate that the display is broken. Please
contact the manufacturer.
Low Velocity
1. Sensor installed reversed Install the correct sensor direction
2. Sensor is dirty Clean the sensor
3. Sensor Damaged Send back to the manufacturer
4. Internal parameter setting is wrong Check internal parameter settings
20
24. Abnormal Flowrate, Big
Fluctuations
1. Internal parameter setting is wrong Check internal parameter settings
2. Medium property is pulsed Modify the Filter coefficients
3. Sensor is dirty Clean the sensor
4. Sensor damaged Send back to the manufacturer
Abnormal 4-20mA
Output
1. 20mA wrong range setting Input 20mA range
2. Converter problem Send back to the manufacturer
3. Wiring is not looped Check wiring
Abnormal frequency
output
1. Frequency setting is incorrect Set the right frequency
2. Converter problem Send back to the manufacturer
3. Wiring connection damaged Check wiring connection
Alarm output exception
1. Instrument parameter incorrect Set the right alarm parameter
2. The instrument is not equipped with
an alarm output function
Contact the manufacturer
3. Damaged relay Send back to the manufacturer
Abnormal RS-485
output
1. Baud rate and station number
setting is wrong
Input the correct output
2. Polarity reversal Change polarity
3. Cable damaged Check connection cable
21
25. Appendix 3 General gas density and relative air conversion tables
The lab cannot use user’
s actual medium for calibrating the instrument, normally according
to user’s actual gas medium flowrate are converted to air flowrate when calibrating in the lab.
During the user’
s first time, the instrument output is the actual gas mass flow or volume flow. The
conversion of different gases is performed by the conversion coefficient. The conversion
coefficient of single component gas can be checked in the chart below.
Gases Specific heat (Calories/g℃) Density (g/L 0℃) conversion factor
0 Air 0.24 1.2048 1
1 Ar 0.125 1.6605 1.4066
2 AsH3 0.1168 3.478 0.669
3 BBr3 0.0647 11.18 0.3758
4 BCl3 0.1217 5.227 0.4274
5 BF3 0.1779 3.025 0.4384
6 B2H6 0.502 1.235 0.505
7 CCl4 0.1297 6.86 0.3052
8 CF4 0.1659 3.9636 0.4255
9 CH4 0.5318 0.715 0.7147
10 C2H4 0.3658 1.251 0.5944
11 C2H6 0.4241 1.342 0.4781
12 C3H4 0.3633 1.787 0.4185
13 C3H6 0.3659 1.877 0.3956
14 C3H8 0.399 1.967 0.3459
15 C4H6 0.3515 2.413 0.3201
16 C4H8 0.3723 2.503 0.2923
17 C4H10 0.413 2.593 0.2535
18 C5H12 0.3916 3.219 0.2157
19 CH3OH 0.3277 1.43 0.5805
20 C2H6O 0.3398 2.055 0.3897
21 C3H3Cl3 0.1654 5.95 0.2763
22 CO 0.2488 1.25 0.994
23 CO2 0.2017 1.964 0.7326
24 C2N2 0.2608 2.322 0.4493
25 Cl2 0.1145 3.163. 0.8529
26 D2 1.7325 0.1798 0.9921
27 F2 0.197 1.695 0.9255
28 GeCl4 0.1072 9.565 0.2654
29 GeH4 0.1405 3.418 0.5656
30 H2 3.4224 0.0899 1.004
31 HBr 0.0861 3.61 0.994
22
26. Table of conversion coefficients for single component of gas (continued table):
Uper flow range of General Gases(Nm3/h)
Standard state flow: The flow rate under temperature of 20 ℃, pressure of 101.325KPa .
Attention, for the units of instant flow rates: Nm3/h、Nm3/min 、L/h 、L/min、t/h、t/min 、kg/h
和 kg/min。
Model Pipeline size(mm) Air N2 O2 H2
TMF-1-980-10 10 28 28 14 4
TMF-1-980-15 15 65 65 32 10
TMF-1-980-25 25 175 175 89 28
TMF-1-980-32 32 290 290 144 45
TMF-1-980-40 40 450 450 226 70
TMF-1-980-50 50 700 700 352 110
TMF-1-980-65 65 1200 1200 600 185
TMF-1-980-80 80 1800 1800 900 280
TMF-1-980-100 100 2800 2800 1420 470
TMF-1-980-125 125 4400 4400 2210 700
TMF-1-980-150 150 6300 6300 3200 940
TMF-1-980-200 200 10000 10000 5650 1880
TMF-1-980-250 250 17000 17000 8830 2820
TMF-1-980-300 300 25000 25000 12720 4060
TMF-1-980-400 400 45000 45000 22608 7200
TMF-1-980-500 500 70000 70000 35325 11280
TMF-1-980-600 600 100000 100000 50638 16300
TMF-1-980-700 700 135000 135000 69240 22100
TMF-1-980-800 800 180000 180000 90432 29000
TMF-1-980-900 900 220000 220000 114500 77807
TMF-1-980-1000 1000 280000 280000 141300 81120
TMF-1-980-1200 1200 400000 400000 203480 91972
TMF-1-980-2000 2000 700000 700000 565200 180480
23
27. 工况流量与标况流量的换算:
Flow Velocity Calculation:
V:Medium Standard condition Velocity(Nm/S)
Q:Standard State flow(Nm3/h)
D:Measuring straight pipeline(mm)
Q 标况:Standard state flow(Nm3
/h)
Q 工况:Operating state flow(m3
/h)
T :Working Condition Medium temperature(℃)
P:
Working condition Medium pressure
(Instrument
pressure MPa )
24