The document discusses the Reddin 3-D Leadership Model and Rensis Likert's management theory. The Reddin 3-D Leadership Model, developed by Professor Bill Reddin, introduced the concept of situational demands and how a leader's style should match the demands of the situation to be most effective. Rensis Likert's management theory brought a new dimension to organizational development by quantifying group dynamics research and measuring soft areas of management like trust and communication. Likert identified four management systems ranging from exploitative to participative.

2. Program: Masters
of Education in
Leadership &
Management
Corse Name:
Introduction to
Educational
Leadership and
Management

3. Reddin 3-D Leadership Model
 Definition
The Three-Dimensional Grid or 3-D Leadership
Model is developed by Professor Bill Reddin, who
introduced the concept of “situational
demands” which talks about the way in which the
leader must behave to be most effective.

4.  Bill Reddin made the breakthrough to the next level
of practical leadership theories. He developed the
first relatively simple method of measuring what he
called “situational demands” – i.e. the things that
dictate how a manager must operate to be most
effective. Reddin’s model was based on the two basic
dimensions of leadership identified by the Ohio State
studies. He called them Task-orientation and
Relationships-orientation. However he introduced
what he called a third dimension – Effectiveness.
Effectiveness was what resulted when one used the
right style of leadership for the particular situation.

5.  Reddin, like Blake, identified four major leadership
styles on the high effectiveness plane and four
corresponding styles on the low effectiveness plane,
effectiveness being where the leadership style matched
the demands of the situation. So a manager who
demonstrated a high level of task-orientation and low
relationships orientation where it was the style that was
required was called a Benevolent Autocrat while a
manager who applied that style of behavior where the
situation did not call for it was labelled an Autocrat.
 The real theoretical breakthrough with Reddin’s 3-D
model was the idea that one could assess the situation
and identify what behavior was most appropriate. When
the leadership style meets the demands of the situation,
then the leadership is said to be effective else ineffective.

6. On the basis of this, there are four styles that a manager adopts
and is shown in the figure below:
Reddin believed that the way leader behaves in a certain situation may
not be appropriate in some other situations, and this led to the evolution
of the 3-D leadership model.

7. Management Theory of Rensis Likert
 Introduction
Likert participative management invites employees to
partner in your company's success
The management theory of Rensis Likert brought a new
dimension to organizational development theory. The Likert
system made it possible to quantify the results of all the work
various theorists had been doing with group dynamics. Likert
theory also facilitated the measurement of the "soft" areas of
management, such as trust and communication.

8. Management systems
 Exploitative authoritative (I)
 Benevolent authoritative (II)
 Consultative system (III)
 Participative system (IV)

9. Likert’s management systems are
management styles developed by Rensis
Likert in the 1960s. Likert revised the
systems to apply to educational settings.