There are different theories of organization to predict and explain the process and also behavior patterns in an organizational setting. There are three different types of organizational theory: Classical Organization Theory, Neo-Classical Organizational Theory, and Modern Organizational Theory.
HUman Relation Theory @ X Theory, Y Theory, Mayo Theorykumar alok
Human Relation Theory
Theory X & Theory Y
Mayo Theory
Maslow's need of motivation.
The detailed content for the Human Relation Theory --https://brakfoundation.blogspot.com/2020/12/human-relation-theory.html
This presentation provides the definition, principles and discussions on the Max Weber's Bureaucratic Management Theory.
For more of this presentation: https://youtu.be/SZECH-gPW7E
SUBSCRIBE. COMMENT. LIKE. SHARE
HUman Relation Theory @ X Theory, Y Theory, Mayo Theorykumar alok
Human Relation Theory
Theory X & Theory Y
Mayo Theory
Maslow's need of motivation.
The detailed content for the Human Relation Theory --https://brakfoundation.blogspot.com/2020/12/human-relation-theory.html
This presentation provides the definition, principles and discussions on the Max Weber's Bureaucratic Management Theory.
For more of this presentation: https://youtu.be/SZECH-gPW7E
SUBSCRIBE. COMMENT. LIKE. SHARE
Declaration: The materials incorporated in this document have come from variety of sources and compiler bears no responsibilities for any information contained herein. The compiler acknowledges all the sources although references have not been explicitly cited for all the contents in this document.
It has been a basic component of both the educational process and social work practice. It has been recognized as one of the unique characteristics of social work and is generally regarded positively. It is an integral part of most social work agencies in the delivery of social services
Organization Theory is a set of theories that explain and help us understand how organizations function.
Organizations and people within organizations are the focus of organization theory. Organization theories could focus on the total organization, groups of employees such as departments or divisions, or on individual employees.
Declaration: The materials incorporated in this document have come from variety of sources and compiler bears no responsibilities for any information contained herein. The compiler acknowledges all the sources although references have not been explicitly cited for all the contents in this document.
It has been a basic component of both the educational process and social work practice. It has been recognized as one of the unique characteristics of social work and is generally regarded positively. It is an integral part of most social work agencies in the delivery of social services
Organization Theory is a set of theories that explain and help us understand how organizations function.
Organizations and people within organizations are the focus of organization theory. Organization theories could focus on the total organization, groups of employees such as departments or divisions, or on individual employees.
classical and contemporary theory of educational administrationLayAnnMadarcos1
This short slide presentation helps you gain a deeper understanding of Classical and Contemporary Theories of Educational Administration. The content of this presentation was mostly from different authors.
1 BUS4013 Organization Structure, Learning and Performanc.docxhoney725342
1
BUS4013: Organization Structure, Learning and Performance
Background Paper
Everyone, at one time or another, has participated in a variety of types of organizations—
churches, schools, government agencies, the armed forces, corporations, hospitals, volunteer
organizations, etc. Organizations impact our lives and members of the same organization are
affected differently. As Margaret Wheatley (1996) states, “Organizations are living systems.
They, too, are intelligent, creative, adaptive, self-organizing, and meaning-seeking.”
This course is about organizational structure and its relationship to learning and performance.
Organizations have a structure, that is, an established set of relationships with ordered and
regularly occurring activities. Therefore, performance and structure are inextricably linked. The
desire to improve performance is the underlying reason for the inclusion of this course in the
Capella undergraduate business curriculum.
Perhaps one may say that organizational structure drives performance; it certainly facilitates
performance. Another may say that organizational learning drives performance; it certainly leads
to adaptation and growth. And adaptation is necessary for survival. Its opposite is extinction. In
other words, this course is an overview of organizations and their design toward fostering
learning, which in turn, yields high performance.
Historical Perspective of the Study of Organizational Structure
Classical
We may be able to track the study of how organizations work and how they are structured and
managed into ancient times. We can cite Biblical references as well as those from Socrates and
Plato. However, most analysts would state that the beginnings of the factory system in the 18th
century signified the beginning of the study. Members of the first school of organizational study
were called the classicists. They built the foundation for the study of work in organizations, and
their work remains highly influential today. Max Weber, Henri Fayol, Adam Smith, Frederick
Taylor, and others represent the thinking of the classical period. The fundamental tenets of
classicism, according to Jay Shafritz and Steven Ott (1978), follow:
• Organizations exist to accomplish production-related and economic goals.
• There is one best way to organize for production, and that way can be found through
systematic scientific inquiry.
• Production is maximized through specialization and division of labor.
• People and organizations act in accordance with rational economic principles.
2
Modern
When we speak of the structure of an organization, we are actually referring to the stable
relationships among positions and groups of positions represented by the organization chart.
Structure is concerned with vertical differentiations, or hierarchical levels of organizational
authority and coordination, and horizontal differentiations between organizational units, e.g.,
between p ...
BUS 4046 explain specialization and the division/tutorialoutletdotcomwilliamtrumpz5c
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.tutorialoutlet.com
The
desire to improve performance is the underlying reason for the inclusion of this course in the
Capella undergraduate business curriculum.
Early Contribution, Scientific Management, Administrative Theory, Bureaucracy Theory, Human Relation Management, Social System Approach, Decision Theory Approach.
Organizational Behavior: A Study on Managers, Employees, and TeamsMuhammad Tawakal Shah
In recent decades, there has been a tremendous shift in the structure and operation of organizations.
Advancements in technology and skill diversity have fostered a modern workplace of skill and workflow
interdependencies. Hence, for success in today’s business world, it is imperative for organizations to
understand the forces that impact team outcomes. This study on 100 managers from the same organization
shows that female managers have higher communication skills when compared to male managers,
but are also more influenced by group think. A total of 200 employees from this organization were also
studied and the results show that female employees contribute to team outcomes more than male
employees. Implications for researchers, managers, and human resource professionals are considered.
Theoretically, it is important to understand how and why teamwork affects people’s success in the
workplace. Practically, it is important for managers to know whether teamwork affects performance
because it proxies cohesiveness and synergy. The study presented in this article clearly suggests that
teamwork affects people’s careers and workplace interactions and therefore is worthy of continued
scholarly investigation.
Behaviour Change Communication is an interactive process of any intervention with individuals, group or community to develop communication strategies to promote positive health behaviours which are appropriate to the current social conditions and thereby help the society to solve their pressing health problems
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
ER(Entity Relationship) Diagram for online shopping - TAEHimani415946
https://bit.ly/3KACoyV
The ER diagram for the project is the foundation for the building of the database of the project. The properties, datatypes, and attributes are defined by the ER diagram.
3. HISTORY OF NEOCLASSICAL
THEORY
Neo classical approach was first set out by alfred marshall in
his book principles of economics , publised in 1890s.
George Elton mayo is considered as founder of neo classical
theory .
The word Neo means “new”
The word classical refers to work done by group of economics
in the back (18&19) century .
4. NEOCLASSICAL THEORIES
Neoclassical theorists recognized the importance of individual
or group behavior and emphasized human relations.
Based on the Hawthorne experiments, the neoclassical
approach emphasized social or human relationships among the
operators, researchers and supervisors (Roethlisberger and
Dickson, 1943).
5. Cont…
Productivity increases were achieved as a result of high
morale, which was influenced by the amount of individual,
personal and intimate attention workers received.
6. NEO – CLASSICAL APPROACH
Human relation movement .
behavioral system
A)HUMAN RELATION MOVEMENT
Proposed by Elton Mayo. He mainly focused was on the
people working in an organization.
Human relation development contributed to:
Employee-centric, democratic and participative style
of leadership is more efficient.
7. B)BEHAVIOURAL SYSTEM
It can also be called as mature version of human
relation theory.
This theory is how the managers should behave to
motivate the employees and encourage them to
perform at high levels and be committed to the
achievement of organizational goals.
8. ELEMENTS OF NEO-
CLASSICAL THEORIS
1) Individual
2) Work group
3) Participative management
4) Orientation
5) Motivation
6) Leadership
7) Employee dvelopment
9. Cont…….
Individual :- neo – classical theory recognized the individual
difference which were ignored by the classical theory .
Every individual has emotions , feelings, attitudde , hopes ,
aspirations, and expectations.
Work group:- an individual in a group develops social wants.
As he is a social being , he develops a desire to belong and to
be accepted by his work group.
10. cont,…
Participative management :-
Neo- classical theory suggested workers participation in
management for improving their productivity
Orientation:- classical theory was job oriented while neo-
classical theory is employee oriented there
There is a shift in management style from product
oriented approach to employee and group centered
approach.
Motivation :- the employee could be motivated by social
and psychological wants and not solely by economic
incentives.
11. Cont….
Employee Development :-
As there is a close connection between moral and
production , neo – classical writers emphasized that
management that must take greater interest in
employee development workers satisfaction
12. Principles of the neoclassical approach
The classical approach stressed the formal organization.
In contrast, the neoclassical approach introduced an informal organization structure
and emphasized the following principles:
The individual
The work group
Participative management
Note :the difference between Taylor's 'scientific management' - which focuses on
work - and the neoclassical approach - which focuses on workers.
13. Classical VS Neoclassical theory:
Points of distinction Classical approach Neoclassical approach
Focus Functions and economic
demand of workers
Emotion and human qualities of
workers
Structure Impersonal and mechanistic Social system
Application Autocratic management and
strict rules
Democratic process
Emphasize Discipline and rationality Personal security and social
demand
Work goal of worker Maximum remuneration and
reward
Attainment security and social
demand
Concept about men Economic being Social being
Content Scientific management,
administrative management,
and bureaucratic management
Hawthorne experiment, human
relation movement and
organizational behavior
Relation Formal Informal
Nature Mechanistic organistic
15. Modern theories
Modern theories tend to be based on the concept that the
organization is a system which has to adapt to changes in its
environment.
In modern theory, an organization is defined as a designed and
structured process in which individuals interact for objectives
(Hicks and Gullet, 1975).
16. characteristics of the modern
approaches to the organization are:
A Systems Viewpoint,
A Dynamic Process Of Interaction,
Multilevelled And Multidimensional,
Multimotivated,
Probabilistic,
Multidisciplinary,
Descriptive,
Multivariable, And
Adaptive.
18. The systems approach
The systems approach views organization as a system
composed of interconnected - and thus mutually dependent -
sub-systems.
These sub-systems can have their own sub-sub-systems.
A system can be perceived as composed of some components,
functions and processes (Albrecht, 1983).
19. Thus, the organization consists of the following three basic
elements (Bakke, 1959):
i. COMPONENTS
ii. LINKING PROCESSES
iii. GOALS OF ORGANIZATION
20. i. Components
There are five basic, interdependent parts of the organizing
system, namely:
the individual,
the formal and informal organization,
patterns of behaviour emerging from role demands of the
organization,
role comprehension of the individual,
And the physical environment in which individuals work
21. (ii) Linking processes
The different components of an organization are required to operate in an
organized and correlated manner.
The interaction between them is contingent upon the linking processes,
which consist of:
Communication,
Balance
And Decision Making.
22. Communication :Communication is a means for eliciting action,
exerting control and effecting coordination to link decision centres
in the system in a composite form.
Balance : Balance is the equilibrium between different parts of the
system so that they keep a harmoniously structured relationship
with one another.
Decision making
23. (iii) Goals of organization
The goals of an organization may be growth, stability and
interaction.
Interaction implies how best the members of an organization
can interact with one another to their mutual advantage.
24. Socio-technical approach
It is not just job enlargement and enrichment which is
important, but also transforming technology into a meaningful
tool in the hands of the users.
The socio-technical systems approach is based on the premise
that every organization consists of the people, the technical
system and the environment (Pasmore, 1988).
25. People (the social system) use tools, techniques and knowledge
(the technical system) to produce goods or services valued by
consumers or users (who are part of the organization's external
environment).
Therefore, an equilibrium among the social system, the
technical system and the environment is necessary to make the
organization more effective.
26. The contingency or situational
approach
The situational approach (Selznick, 1949; Burns and Stalker, 1961; Woodward,
1965; Lawrence and Lorsch, 1967) is based on the belief that there cannot be
universal guidelines which are suitable for all situations.
Organizational systems are inter-related with the environment.
The contingency approach (Hellriegel and Slocum, 1973) suggests that different
environments require different organizational relationships for optimum
effectiveness, taking into consideration various social, legal, political, technical
and economic factors.
28. a) Motivational Theory
Motivation drives behavior; it is the force behind an
individual‘s decision to commit or not commit to certain acts
or behaviors.
An individual calculates an ― “E”(energy, enthusiasm, effort)
the product of need, and prediction for likelihood of achieving
the desired results.
29. Management must carefully consider how to maintain or adjust
the psychological contract in order to keep the person a
productive member of the team.
30. b) Role Theory
In an organization roles can help to clearly define boundaries
between individuals .
Organizations need to acknowledge that its employees manage
many roles and that problems or conflicts can arise and create
tensions that can change the ability of the individual to reach
their goals.
Organizations should be sure to support their team members in
meeting new roles by giving time for transition, or offering
training and support.
When role conflict arises the organization can nurture
employee‘s ability to relieve tension by allowing time to
devote to caring for roles outside the office.
31. c) Personality Theory
Personality is the unique and enduring traits, behaviors and
emotional characteristics in an individual.
Personality can either aid or hinder meeting work goals
dependent on fit.
For e.g. Personality types are Type A vs. Type B
Type A personalities are competitive, impatient, seekers of
efficiency and always seem to be in a hurry.
Type B personalities are laid back and possess more patience
and emotional stability, but tend to be less competitive
32. Organizations can play a role in developing their staff for
success.
Workshops, seminars, even book clubs that focus on
developing EQ an strengthen organizational success.
Allowing for a diverse set of experiences, with appropriate
support can maximize and expand the capabilities of each
employee
34. Douglas McGregor
Theory X :- Manager believes that their employee are basically
lazy, need constant supervision and direction are indifferent to
organizational needs
Theory Y:- believes that their worker enjoy their work, are self
motivated and are willing to work hard to meet personal and
organizational goals.
