biomedical waste management

1. Bio Medical Waste Management
Guidelines
Dr. Anjalatchi Muthukumaran
Vice Principal and Nursing
Superintendent
Era College of Nursing and ELMCH
Era University , Lucknow 226003

2. Content of the BMWM
• Transportation of BMW from
segregation point to Disposal
area/storage area
• Treatment of Disposal method
• Recycle of BMWM
• Forms /format to use daily
records purpose
• Symbol /sign of BMWM
• Indicators to follow in BMWM
• Checklist
• Summary
• Conclusion
• Question related topic ?
• References
• Introduction
• Definition/meaning
• Goal/aim/objectives
• Component of BMWM
• Need of BMWM
• Sources of BMWM
• Category of BMWM
• Color code for BMWM
• Segregation point at BMWM
• Packing of BMWM
• Cleaning /Disinfection of BMW
bin/Polythene/trolley
• PPE for BMW handler

3. Biomedical Waste
• Biomedical or Hospital Waste is any kind of waste containing
infectious materials.
• It may also include waste associated with the generation of
biomedical waste that visually appears to be medical.
• Broadly, Biomedical Waste refers to any waste which is generated
during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or
animals or in research activities pertaining thereto or in production or
testing of biological products including categories mentioned in
Schedule 1, of the BMW Rules 2016.

4. INTRODUCTION

5. Definition of waste

7. WHO AT RISK?

8. QUANTITY OF WASTE GENERATED PER
BED /PER DAY SEGREGATION

9. Aim /objectives/purpose

11. TYPE OF BMW WASTE

12. CLASSIFICATION OF BMWM

14. PHC segregation point

15. Component of BMWM

16. The Biomedical Wastes consist of:
• 1. Human anatomical waste like tissues, organs and body
parts
• 2. Animal wastes generated during research from
veterinary hospitals
• 3. Microbiology and biotechnology wastes
• 4. Waste sharps like hypodermic needles, syringes,
scalpels and broken glass
• 5. Discarded medicines and cytotoxic drugs
• 6. Soiled waste such as dressing, bandages, plaster
casts, material contaminated with blood, tubes and
catheters
• 7. Liquid waste from any of the infected areas
• 8. Incineration ash and other chemical wastes

18. BMW waste exposure hazards

19. STEPS IN MANAGEMENT BMWM

20. Category of BMWM

21. SEGREGATION OF WASTE

22. EXAMPLE OF WASTE

23. CONTINUED

24. MANGEMENT OF HEALTH CARE WASTE
• Patient right and
responsibilities
• Patient safety act
• Consumer protection act
1986
• Environmental protection
act
• Central pollution board
control act
• BMWM guidelines2016

25. Color Coding of Biomedical Waste in India
As per Bio-medical Waste Management Rules, 2016
• Bio-medical waste is required to be segregated in
following color coded waste categories –
• Red Bag – Syringes (without needles), soiled gloves,
catheters, IV tubes etc. should be all disposed of in a red
coloured bag, which will later be incinerated.
• Yellow Bag – All dressings, bandages and cotton swabs
with body fluids, blood bags, human anatomical waste,
body parts are to be discarded in yellow bags.

27. COLOR CODES OF BMWM

28. Concerns with Biomedical
Waste
• Land Pollution – If not treated and dumped into landfills
then there is a high chance for heavy metals like
cadmium, lead, mercury, etc. get released. Further, there
is a chance these metals get absorbed by plants and can
then enter the food chain also.
• Air Pollution – Pathogens present in the waste can
enter and remain in the air for a long period in the form
of spores or pathogens. As Covid-19 spreads through
the air, improper treating/not treating it might lead to a
new wave of respiratory syndromes.

29. Continued
• Radioactive Pollution – Hospitals are increasingly
using radioactive isotopes for diagnostic and therapeutic
applications. The main radioisotopes used in hospitals
are technetium-99m (Tc-99m), Iodine-131(I-131), etc.
These have carcinogenic properties.
• Epidemic – According to the WHO study, improper
waste management is one of the major causes of an
increase in infectious diseases globally. This is why the
Covid-19 pandemic wastes require proper treatment

30. Continued
• Operational Health Hazards – Improper handling of
biomedical waste might lead to Injuries from sharps and
exposure to harmful radioactive wastes. This will create
issues for nurses, emergency medical personnel, and
sanitary workers.
• Increased Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) –
Biomedical wastes aggravate the problem of AMR. Ever
since the pandemic, the use of biocides (sanitizers,
disinfectants, and antibiotics) increased manifold. If there
is no proper treatment of biocides then the AMR will
increase rapidly.

31. Treatment method of BMWM
Autoclaving
• Autoclaving - The process of autoclaving involves steam
sterilization. Instead of incineration, which can be
expensive, autoclaving simply introduces very hot steam
for a determined amount of time.

32. Color code with treatment
method

33. YELLOW BIN

34. RED BIN

35. BLUE CONTAINER

36. WHITE BOX

38. Bio medical waste disposal cycle

39. Disposal process of BMWM

41. BMWM treatment methods

42. Disposal of BMWM

45. Incineration
• Incineration – The major benefits of incineration are that
it is quick, easy, and simple. It effectively removes the
waste entirely and safely removes any microorganisms.

46. Incinerator

47. Chemical disinfection
• Chemical disinfection – When it comes to liquid waste, a
common biomedical waste disposal method can be
chemical disinfection.
• Chlorine is a regular choice for this process, and is
introduced to the liquid waste in order to kill
microorganisms and pathogens

48. HYDROCLAVE

49. Microwaving
• Microwaving – Microwave technology can also disinfect
wastes. Wastes are first placed into a shredder. This
wastes are mixed with water and internally heated that
neutralizes present biologicals.

50. Irradiation
• Irradiation – This method involves waste sterilization by
exposing waste to cobalt sources. Cobalt emits gamma
rays that kill all the microbes in wastes.

51. Deep burial method

52. Sharp pit method

53. Shredding
• Shredding – It is a process by which waste are de-shaped or
cut into smaller pieces so as to make the wastes
unrecognizable.
• It helps in prevention of reuse of bio-medical waste and also
acts as an identifier that the wastes have been disinfected
and are safe to dispose-off.

54. Needle Stick Injury
protocol

56. Treatment guidelines for
PEP

57. Legal legislation /Authorities related to BMWM
• Authorities Dealing with Biomedical Waste in India Central Pollution Control
Board – The CPCB has been following up with all SPCBs/PCCs to ensure
effective management of biomedical waste in States/UTs.
• National Green Tribunal (NGT) – The NGT has been stringent on the
application of the BMW 2016.
• Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities (CBWTDF) –
There are now over 200 licensed CBWTDF or Common Treatment Facilities
(CTF) in India.

58. Legislation with penalty

59. Features of BMW, 2016
• Compulsory pre-treatment – The method of
sterilization/disinfection should be in accordance with National
AIDS Control Organization (NACO) or WHO.
• Phasing out plastic use – The use of chlorinated plastic bags,
gloves, blood bags, etc. should be gradually stopped and this
phasing out should be within 2 years from the date of
notification of these rules.
• Safe disposal of Liquid waste – They need to be separated at
source by pre-treatment before mixing with other liquid waste.
• Incineration guidelines – The existing incinerator should be
upgraded/modified to achieve the new standard within 2 years
from the date of this notification.

60. HANDLING INFECTIOUS WASTE

61. Segregate to be observed

62. Segregation of BMWM

63. SEGREGATION POINT

64. HOW POLYTHENE TO
BE PURCHASED

65. How to select the label of
BMW bag

66. Label/polythene bag

67. PACKING OF BMW BINS

68. Packing and disposal
method

69. Collection, transportation
and storage

70. Bio medical waste management preparation chart

71. TRANSPORTATION

73. Safe transportation

74. Continued

75. Storage guidelines

76. Personal protective measure( PPE)

77. Continued

78. Standard precausions

79. Safety training program

80. Standard precautions

81. Frequently answer questions

82. Challenges in India
• Increase in waste– In a highly populous country
like India, there is a rise in residential biomedical
waste and its collection without adhering to
safety protocols could also trigger a surge in
caseload.
• Poor Compliance of BMW rules – States are not
following the CPCB guidelines.
• Non-segregation – In some states, improper
segregation of waste has been reported.
• Improper disposal – The non-segregation of
waste results in the incineration of contaminated
plastics producing toxic gases and adding to air
pollution.
• Lack of infrastructure – Currently, in India, there
are only 198 CBMWTF in operation and 28 are
under construction.
• No alternative to incineration – During
incineration and postcombustion cooling, waste
components dissociate and recombine forming
new particles.

83. BIO MEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
POSTER CHART

84. EXAMPLE OF SOME ORGANIZATION
BMWM CHART

85. Example –chart

86. BMWM chart in one language

87. DENTAL CLINIC -BMWM CHART

88. Health education
activities -bmwm

89. BMWM signage

90. BMW activities

91. Conclusion
• Safe and effective management of biomedical waste is not only a
lawful obligation but also a civil duty.
• The current BMWM 2016 rules are an improvement over earlier
rules in terms of improved segregation, transportation, and disposal
methods, to decrease environmental pollution and ensure the safety
of the staff, patients, and public

92. TRANSPORTATION IS CORRECT OR WRONG?
STORAGE OF WASTE ?

93. References
• 1. Hari Singh. (2018). Essentials of management for healthcare
professionals. Crc Press, Taylor & Francis Group.
• 2. WHO. Review of Health Impacts from Microbiological Hazards in
Health-Care Wastes. Geneva: World Health Organization;
• 3. R Radhakrishnan, Dr. (2006). Bio Medical waste management.
Sumit Enterprises.
• 4. K Sasikumar, & Sanoop Gopi Krishna. (2009). Solid waste
management. Phi Learning.
• 5.Ministry of health and family welfare guidelines
• 6. national health mission guidelines
• 7. central pollution board guidelines
• 8. state health guidelines
• 9.Environment safety guidelines

94. Take your home message
• Your responsible for your health
• Your responsible for health care services if your health care
professionals
• Take plenty of water every day
• Eat balanced diet
• Eat seasonal fruits, vegetables , and other
• Avoid junks foods and fast food
• be happy ,your responsible for your health
• Make the environment healthy, happy and ready to do work
with smile manner
• Get vaccination as per policy
• Lead your life as healthy way, not wealthy way…….

95. THANK YOU SO MUCH