Gagne's principles of instruction translate behaviorist and information processing theories into instructional strategies. They outline 9 events of instruction: 1) gain attention, 2) inform objectives, 3) stimulate recall, 4) present materials, 5) provide guidance, 6) elicit performance, 7) provide feedback, 8) assess performance, and 9) enhance retention and recall. Instructional design refers to systematically translating learning principles into instructional plans, materials, and evaluations to ensure quality instruction. It includes developing instructional content and activities as well as testing and refining all instruction.