SlideShare a Scribd company logo
COGNITIVE LEARNING
THEORIES
GAGNE: PRINCIPLES
OF INSTRUCTION
GILBERT P. RAMAS
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
๏‚ขInstructional design refers to
the systematic and reflective
process of translating
principles of learning and
instruction into plans for
instructional materials,
activities, information
resources, and evaluation.
(Smith and Ragan, 1999)
๏‚ข Instruction Design as a Process:
๏‚— Instructional Design is the systematic
development of instructional
specifications using learning and
instructional theory to ensure the quality
of instruction.
๏‚— It includes development of instructional
materials and activities; and tryout and
evaluation of all instruction and learner
activities.
COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORIES
GAGNE: PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUCTION
๏‚ขTranslate behaviorist and information -
processing theories into instructional
strategies
๏‚ขTypes of learning
โ€ข Intellectual skills (problem solving,
higher-order thinking, defined concepts,
concrete concepts, discriminations)
โ€ข Cognitive strategies
โ€ข Verbal information
โ€ข Motor skills
โ€ข Attitudes
GAGNร‰: EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION
1.Gain attention
2.Informing the learner of the
objectives
3.Stimulating recall of prerequisite
learning
4.Presenting new materials
5.Providing learning guidance
6.Eliciting performance
7.Providing feedback about
correctness
8.Assessing performance
9.Enhancing retention and recall

More Related Content

What's hot

Assessment competencies literacies
Assessment competencies literaciesAssessment competencies literacies
Assessment competencies literacies
Carlo Magno
ย 
Implemented Curriculum
Implemented CurriculumImplemented Curriculum
Implemented Curriculum
Rose Ann Vasquez
ย 
Lesson plan intro
Lesson plan introLesson plan intro
Lesson plan intro
ARUSHISHARMA140
ย 
Cognitive and metacognitive strategies keidy moreno de hoyos
Cognitive and metacognitive strategies  keidy moreno de hoyosCognitive and metacognitive strategies  keidy moreno de hoyos
Cognitive and metacognitive strategies keidy moreno de hoyos
keidy moreno de hoyos
ย 
teacher as evaluator and planner
teacher as evaluator and plannerteacher as evaluator and planner
teacher as evaluator and planner
echem101
ย 
Student &curriculum
Student &curriculumStudent &curriculum
Student &curriculum
Samia Dogar
ย 
Johnston.36 appt
Johnston.36 apptJohnston.36 appt
Johnston.36 appt
iammateo
ย 
Assessment plan design as assessment plan
Assessment plan design as assessment planAssessment plan design as assessment plan
Assessment plan design as assessment plan
Asila Al-hashmi
ย 
Standards 34
Standards 34Standards 34
Standards 34
cohort_6_2013
ย 
Cognitive and metacognitive strategies
Cognitive and metacognitive strategiesCognitive and metacognitive strategies
Cognitive and metacognitive strategies
gloriainesarias
ย 
Systematic Approach to Teaching
Systematic Approach to TeachingSystematic Approach to Teaching
Systematic Approach to Teaching
tinerts
ย 
Chapter 8.2
Chapter 8.2Chapter 8.2
Chapter 8.2
pferreira2001
ย 
Group 2 systematic approach to teaching
Group 2 systematic approach to teachingGroup 2 systematic approach to teaching
Group 2 systematic approach to teaching
Maria Theresa
ย 
Curriculum approaches
Curriculum approachesCurriculum approaches
Curriculum approaches
sivavani1
ย 
Tips to Evaluate Teachers - Kristine Raap
Tips to Evaluate Teachers - Kristine RaapTips to Evaluate Teachers - Kristine Raap
Tips to Evaluate Teachers - Kristine Raap
Kristine Raap
ย 
Effective pedagogy key messages
Effective pedagogy key messagesEffective pedagogy key messages
Effective pedagogy key messages
digiadvisors
ย 
Game Sense
Game SenseGame Sense
Game Sense
JamesMorgan207
ย 
Systematic Approach to Teaching. By: Mark Oliver Villamayor, RN
Systematic Approach to Teaching. By: Mark Oliver Villamayor, RNSystematic Approach to Teaching. By: Mark Oliver Villamayor, RN
Systematic Approach to Teaching. By: Mark Oliver Villamayor, RN
Mark Oliver Vilamayor, RN
ย 
Systematic approach
Systematic approachSystematic approach
Systematic approach
ronelbravo
ย 

What's hot (19)

Assessment competencies literacies
Assessment competencies literaciesAssessment competencies literacies
Assessment competencies literacies
ย 
Implemented Curriculum
Implemented CurriculumImplemented Curriculum
Implemented Curriculum
ย 
Lesson plan intro
Lesson plan introLesson plan intro
Lesson plan intro
ย 
Cognitive and metacognitive strategies keidy moreno de hoyos
Cognitive and metacognitive strategies  keidy moreno de hoyosCognitive and metacognitive strategies  keidy moreno de hoyos
Cognitive and metacognitive strategies keidy moreno de hoyos
ย 
teacher as evaluator and planner
teacher as evaluator and plannerteacher as evaluator and planner
teacher as evaluator and planner
ย 
Student &curriculum
Student &curriculumStudent &curriculum
Student &curriculum
ย 
Johnston.36 appt
Johnston.36 apptJohnston.36 appt
Johnston.36 appt
ย 
Assessment plan design as assessment plan
Assessment plan design as assessment planAssessment plan design as assessment plan
Assessment plan design as assessment plan
ย 
Standards 34
Standards 34Standards 34
Standards 34
ย 
Cognitive and metacognitive strategies
Cognitive and metacognitive strategiesCognitive and metacognitive strategies
Cognitive and metacognitive strategies
ย 
Systematic Approach to Teaching
Systematic Approach to TeachingSystematic Approach to Teaching
Systematic Approach to Teaching
ย 
Chapter 8.2
Chapter 8.2Chapter 8.2
Chapter 8.2
ย 
Group 2 systematic approach to teaching
Group 2 systematic approach to teachingGroup 2 systematic approach to teaching
Group 2 systematic approach to teaching
ย 
Curriculum approaches
Curriculum approachesCurriculum approaches
Curriculum approaches
ย 
Tips to Evaluate Teachers - Kristine Raap
Tips to Evaluate Teachers - Kristine RaapTips to Evaluate Teachers - Kristine Raap
Tips to Evaluate Teachers - Kristine Raap
ย 
Effective pedagogy key messages
Effective pedagogy key messagesEffective pedagogy key messages
Effective pedagogy key messages
ย 
Game Sense
Game SenseGame Sense
Game Sense
ย 
Systematic Approach to Teaching. By: Mark Oliver Villamayor, RN
Systematic Approach to Teaching. By: Mark Oliver Villamayor, RNSystematic Approach to Teaching. By: Mark Oliver Villamayor, RN
Systematic Approach to Teaching. By: Mark Oliver Villamayor, RN
ย 
Systematic approach
Systematic approachSystematic approach
Systematic approach
ย 

Similar to Theories governing instructional materials development

Summary and Analysis of ID&T
Summary and Analysis of ID&TSummary and Analysis of ID&T
Summary and Analysis of ID&T
AnnaJeanneLucero1
ย 
Roxan Mae C. Ugrimina_Report_Group6.pptx
Roxan Mae C. Ugrimina_Report_Group6.pptxRoxan Mae C. Ugrimina_Report_Group6.pptx
Roxan Mae C. Ugrimina_Report_Group6.pptx
GladysValencia13
ย 
Preparation and evaluation of instruction materials
Preparation and evaluation of instruction materialsPreparation and evaluation of instruction materials
Preparation and evaluation of instruction materials
Ma Elena Oblino Abainza
ย 
Learning theories of instructional design
Learning theories of instructional designLearning theories of instructional design
Learning theories of instructional design
Samantha Napil
ย 
Theories & models of instructional development
Theories & models of instructional development Theories & models of instructional development
Theories & models of instructional development
Ijaz Ahmad
ย 
Kemp design model
Kemp design modelKemp design model
Kemp design model
robinlatio
ย 
Smith & ragan instructional design theory
Smith & ragan instructional design theorySmith & ragan instructional design theory
Smith & ragan instructional design theory
Gurmin Hans
ย 
Apt 501 chapter 8
Apt 501 chapter 8 Apt 501 chapter 8
Apt 501 chapter 8
Aliagordon
ย 
Chapter 8 Developing an Instructional Strategy
Chapter 8 Developing an Instructional StrategyChapter 8 Developing an Instructional Strategy
Chapter 8 Developing an Instructional Strategy
cdjhaigler
ย 
Kemp instructional model
Kemp instructional modelKemp instructional model
Kemp instructional model
robinlatio
ย 
Instructional design concept
Instructional design conceptInstructional design concept
Instructional design concept
RIZKIFARANI
ย 
Instructional Design
Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Instructional Design
Mary Anne Colico-Bantiling
ย 
modelsofteaching-120122073945-phpapp01-140222111541-phpapp02.pptx
modelsofteaching-120122073945-phpapp01-140222111541-phpapp02.pptxmodelsofteaching-120122073945-phpapp01-140222111541-phpapp02.pptx
modelsofteaching-120122073945-phpapp01-140222111541-phpapp02.pptx
FrancisHasselPedido2
ย 
Instructional Design Training.ppt
Instructional Design Training.pptInstructional Design Training.ppt
Instructional Design Training.ppt
InselAcademy
ย 
C:\documents and settings\ma phi rose\desktop\tcp\instructional planning
C:\documents and settings\ma phi rose\desktop\tcp\instructional planningC:\documents and settings\ma phi rose\desktop\tcp\instructional planning
C:\documents and settings\ma phi rose\desktop\tcp\instructional planning
bethcalero
ย 
Definitions and history
Definitions and historyDefinitions and history
Definitions and history
Amy Adcock
ย 
Is da
Is daIs da
Is da
Carla Piper
ย 
Standard 2
Standard 2Standard 2
Standard 2
lisawitteman
ย 
National Curriculum Design
National Curriculum DesignNational Curriculum Design
National Curriculum Design
Cynthia Crump-Russell
ย 
Assessment Measurement evaluation and definition
Assessment Measurement evaluation and definitionAssessment Measurement evaluation and definition
Assessment Measurement evaluation and definition
RehanZahid15
ย 

Similar to Theories governing instructional materials development (20)

Summary and Analysis of ID&T
Summary and Analysis of ID&TSummary and Analysis of ID&T
Summary and Analysis of ID&T
ย 
Roxan Mae C. Ugrimina_Report_Group6.pptx
Roxan Mae C. Ugrimina_Report_Group6.pptxRoxan Mae C. Ugrimina_Report_Group6.pptx
Roxan Mae C. Ugrimina_Report_Group6.pptx
ย 
Preparation and evaluation of instruction materials
Preparation and evaluation of instruction materialsPreparation and evaluation of instruction materials
Preparation and evaluation of instruction materials
ย 
Learning theories of instructional design
Learning theories of instructional designLearning theories of instructional design
Learning theories of instructional design
ย 
Theories & models of instructional development
Theories & models of instructional development Theories & models of instructional development
Theories & models of instructional development
ย 
Kemp design model
Kemp design modelKemp design model
Kemp design model
ย 
Smith & ragan instructional design theory
Smith & ragan instructional design theorySmith & ragan instructional design theory
Smith & ragan instructional design theory
ย 
Apt 501 chapter 8
Apt 501 chapter 8 Apt 501 chapter 8
Apt 501 chapter 8
ย 
Chapter 8 Developing an Instructional Strategy
Chapter 8 Developing an Instructional StrategyChapter 8 Developing an Instructional Strategy
Chapter 8 Developing an Instructional Strategy
ย 
Kemp instructional model
Kemp instructional modelKemp instructional model
Kemp instructional model
ย 
Instructional design concept
Instructional design conceptInstructional design concept
Instructional design concept
ย 
Instructional Design
Instructional DesignInstructional Design
Instructional Design
ย 
modelsofteaching-120122073945-phpapp01-140222111541-phpapp02.pptx
modelsofteaching-120122073945-phpapp01-140222111541-phpapp02.pptxmodelsofteaching-120122073945-phpapp01-140222111541-phpapp02.pptx
modelsofteaching-120122073945-phpapp01-140222111541-phpapp02.pptx
ย 
Instructional Design Training.ppt
Instructional Design Training.pptInstructional Design Training.ppt
Instructional Design Training.ppt
ย 
C:\documents and settings\ma phi rose\desktop\tcp\instructional planning
C:\documents and settings\ma phi rose\desktop\tcp\instructional planningC:\documents and settings\ma phi rose\desktop\tcp\instructional planning
C:\documents and settings\ma phi rose\desktop\tcp\instructional planning
ย 
Definitions and history
Definitions and historyDefinitions and history
Definitions and history
ย 
Is da
Is daIs da
Is da
ย 
Standard 2
Standard 2Standard 2
Standard 2
ย 
National Curriculum Design
National Curriculum DesignNational Curriculum Design
National Curriculum Design
ย 
Assessment Measurement evaluation and definition
Assessment Measurement evaluation and definitionAssessment Measurement evaluation and definition
Assessment Measurement evaluation and definition
ย 

Recently uploaded

Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
ย 
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxChapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Denish Jangid
ย 
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfWalmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
TechSoup
ย 
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsTemple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
Krassimira Luka
ย 
RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE.pptx
RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE.pptxRESULTS OF THE EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE.pptx
RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE.pptx
zuzanka
ย 
Electric Fetus - Record Store Scavenger Hunt
Electric Fetus - Record Store Scavenger HuntElectric Fetus - Record Store Scavenger Hunt
Electric Fetus - Record Store Scavenger Hunt
RamseyBerglund
ย 
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumPhilippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
MJDuyan
ย 
math operations ued in python and all used
math operations ued in python and all usedmath operations ued in python and all used
math operations ued in python and all used
ssuser13ffe4
ย 
Haunted Houses by H W Longfellow for class 10
Haunted Houses by H W Longfellow for class 10Haunted Houses by H W Longfellow for class 10
Haunted Houses by H W Longfellow for class 10
nitinpv4ai
ย 
Educational Technology in the Health Sciences
Educational Technology in the Health SciencesEducational Technology in the Health Sciences
Educational Technology in the Health Sciences
Iris Thiele Isip-Tan
ย 
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skillsspot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
haiqairshad
ย 
Bร€I TแบฌP Dแบ Y THรŠM TIแบพNG ANH LแปšP 7 Cแบข Nฤ‚M FRIENDS PLUS SรCH CHร‚N TRแปœI SรNG Tแบ O ...
Bร€I TแบฌP Dแบ Y THรŠM TIแบพNG ANH LแปšP 7 Cแบข Nฤ‚M FRIENDS PLUS SรCH CHร‚N TRแปœI SรNG Tแบ O ...Bร€I TแบฌP Dแบ Y THรŠM TIแบพNG ANH LแปšP 7 Cแบข Nฤ‚M FRIENDS PLUS SรCH CHร‚N TRแปœI SรNG Tแบ O ...
Bร€I TแบฌP Dแบ Y THรŠM TIแบพNG ANH LแปšP 7 Cแบข Nฤ‚M FRIENDS PLUS SรCH CHร‚N TRแปœI SรNG Tแบ O ...
Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
ย 
Pharmaceutics Pharmaceuticals best of brub
Pharmaceutics Pharmaceuticals best of brubPharmaceutics Pharmaceuticals best of brub
Pharmaceutics Pharmaceuticals best of brub
danielkiash986
ย 
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A  Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptLevel 3 NCEA - NZ: A  Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
Henry Hollis
ย 
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
MysoreMuleSoftMeetup
ย 
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsA Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
Steve Thomason
ย 
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
deepaannamalai16
ย 
The basics of sentences session 7pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 7pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 7pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 7pptx.pptx
heathfieldcps1
ย 
skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
Mohammad Al-Dhahabi
ย 
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
TechSoup
ย 

Recently uploaded (20)

Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
Jemison, MacLaughlin, and Majumder "Broadening Pathways for Editors and Authors"
ย 
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxChapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
ย 
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfWalmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
ย 
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsTemple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
ย 
RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE.pptx
RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE.pptxRESULTS OF THE EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE.pptx
RESULTS OF THE EVALUATION QUESTIONNAIRE.pptx
ย 
Electric Fetus - Record Store Scavenger Hunt
Electric Fetus - Record Store Scavenger HuntElectric Fetus - Record Store Scavenger Hunt
Electric Fetus - Record Store Scavenger Hunt
ย 
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumPhilippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
ย 
math operations ued in python and all used
math operations ued in python and all usedmath operations ued in python and all used
math operations ued in python and all used
ย 
Haunted Houses by H W Longfellow for class 10
Haunted Houses by H W Longfellow for class 10Haunted Houses by H W Longfellow for class 10
Haunted Houses by H W Longfellow for class 10
ย 
Educational Technology in the Health Sciences
Educational Technology in the Health SciencesEducational Technology in the Health Sciences
Educational Technology in the Health Sciences
ย 
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skillsspot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
ย 
Bร€I TแบฌP Dแบ Y THรŠM TIแบพNG ANH LแปšP 7 Cแบข Nฤ‚M FRIENDS PLUS SรCH CHร‚N TRแปœI SรNG Tแบ O ...
Bร€I TแบฌP Dแบ Y THรŠM TIแบพNG ANH LแปšP 7 Cแบข Nฤ‚M FRIENDS PLUS SรCH CHร‚N TRแปœI SรNG Tแบ O ...Bร€I TแบฌP Dแบ Y THรŠM TIแบพNG ANH LแปšP 7 Cแบข Nฤ‚M FRIENDS PLUS SรCH CHร‚N TRแปœI SรNG Tแบ O ...
Bร€I TแบฌP Dแบ Y THรŠM TIแบพNG ANH LแปšP 7 Cแบข Nฤ‚M FRIENDS PLUS SรCH CHร‚N TRแปœI SรNG Tแบ O ...
ย 
Pharmaceutics Pharmaceuticals best of brub
Pharmaceutics Pharmaceuticals best of brubPharmaceutics Pharmaceuticals best of brub
Pharmaceutics Pharmaceuticals best of brub
ย 
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A  Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptLevel 3 NCEA - NZ: A  Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
ย 
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
Mule event processing models | MuleSoft Mysore Meetup #47
ย 
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsA Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two Hearts
ย 
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
ย 
The basics of sentences session 7pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 7pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 7pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 7pptx.pptx
ย 
skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
skeleton System.pdf (skeleton system wow)
ย 
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
ย 

Theories governing instructional materials development

  • 2. INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN ๏‚ขInstructional design refers to the systematic and reflective process of translating principles of learning and instruction into plans for instructional materials, activities, information resources, and evaluation. (Smith and Ragan, 1999)
  • 3. ๏‚ข Instruction Design as a Process: ๏‚— Instructional Design is the systematic development of instructional specifications using learning and instructional theory to ensure the quality of instruction. ๏‚— It includes development of instructional materials and activities; and tryout and evaluation of all instruction and learner activities.
  • 4. COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORIES GAGNE: PRINCIPLES OF INSTRUCTION ๏‚ขTranslate behaviorist and information - processing theories into instructional strategies ๏‚ขTypes of learning โ€ข Intellectual skills (problem solving, higher-order thinking, defined concepts, concrete concepts, discriminations) โ€ข Cognitive strategies โ€ข Verbal information โ€ข Motor skills โ€ข Attitudes
  • 5. GAGNร‰: EVENTS OF INSTRUCTION 1.Gain attention 2.Informing the learner of the objectives 3.Stimulating recall of prerequisite learning 4.Presenting new materials 5.Providing learning guidance 6.Eliciting performance 7.Providing feedback about correctness 8.Assessing performance 9.Enhancing retention and recall