Lecture

1. The linguistic and grammatical
features of phraseology.
23-24-28- group
Khayitova Nilufar.

2. Linguistic featues of Phraseology
• 1. Fixedness: Phraseological units are fixed and cannot be altered without
changing their meaning. For example, "kick the bucket" cannot be changed
to "kick the pail" without losing its idiomatic meaning.
• 2 Stability: Phraseological units are stable and do not change over time. They
are often passed down through generations and remain unchanged in their
form and meaning. Calm down, break down.

3. • 3. Figurativeness: Many phraseological units have a figurative or metaphorical
meaning that is different from the literal meanings of their individual words.
For example, "raining cats and dogs" does not actually mean that animals are
falling from the sky.
4. Idiomaticity: Phraseological units are often idiomatic, meaning that their
meanings cannot be derived from the meanings of their individual words. For
example, "to hit the hay" means to go to bed, but the literal meanings of "hit"
and "hay" do not convey this meaning.

4. • 5. Collocability: Phraseological units often have specific collocations or
combinations of words that are commonly used together. For example, "a
piece of cake" is a common collocation that means something is easy to do.
• 6. Semantic unity: Phraseological units have a single, unified meaning that
cannot be easily divided into separate components. This makes them distinct
from regular phrases or expressions.

5. The grammatical features of phraseology
include:
• 1. Fixed word order: Phraseological units have a fixed word order and cannot
be rearranged without changing their meaning. For example, "spill the beans"
cannot be changed to "beans spill the" without losing its idiomatic meaning.
• 2. Fixed grammatical structure: Phraseological units often have a fixed
grammatical structure, such as a specific verb-noun or adjective-noun
combination. For example, "bitter pill" is a fixed combination of adjective
and noun.

6. • 3. Fixed prepositions and conjunctions: Many phraseological units have fixed
prepositions or conjunctions that are used with them. For example, "in the
blink of an eye" always includes the preposition "in."
• 4. Fixed tense and aspect: Some phraseological units have a fixed tense or
aspect, and cannot be easily changed to a different tense without altering
their meaning. For example, "once in a blue moon" refers to something that
happens very rarely and changing the tense would change the meaning.

7. • 5. Fixed pronouns and determiners: Some phraseological units include fixed
pronouns or determiners that cannot be altered. For example, "the apple of my eye"
includes the determiner "the" and changing it to "an apple of my eye" would alter
the meaning.
• 6. Fixed modality: Some phraseological units have a fixed modality, such as being
used in the imperative form. For example, "break a leg" is used as an expression of
good luck and cannot be changed to a different modality without changing its
meaning.

8. 1. Come down with: to become ill with a specific illness or disease
2. Pass out: to lose consciousness, often due to a medical condition
or extreme physical exertion
3. Bring up: to vomit or regurgitate food or liquid
4. Look into: to investigate or research a medical issue or concern
5. Run tests: to conduct medical examinations or procedures to
determine a diagnosis or treatment plan
6. Take in: to absorb or ingest medication or treatment
7. Ease off: to decrease in severity or intensity, often used to
describe the lessening of pain or symptoms
8. Fight off: to resist or defend against an illness or infection
9. Get over: to recover from an illness or injury
10. Set back: to hinder or delay progress in recovery from an illness
or injury

9. Thanks