The document provides analysis of conventions, sound, titles, camera techniques, and mise-en-scene in Christopher Nolan's 2008 film The Dark Knight. It summarizes that the opening scene sets up the action genre with gunfire. It also establishes the conflict between criminals and law enforcement that drives the plot. Stylistic elements like masks, music, and titles convey the darker tone compared to other Batman films. Camera angles build tension during dangerous stunts and focus on the Joker, hinting at his importance despite attempts to disguise him. Costumes and dialogue further develop the mysterious and threatening nature of the Joker character.

1. THE DARK KNIGHT 2008

2. CONVENTIONS There is gunfire within the opening sequence from the very first few minutes – this is typical of an action focused thriller. Most action films have character/plot development as secondary to gunfire, car chases and explosions which has been done here using the opening to set up the action part of the genre before getting right into the actual plot of the film. There is a crime committed, breaking and entering and it appears they are about to rob a bank. Crime is a typical feature of action thrillers as the conflict between the agents of law (e.g. Police) and criminals is the perfect excuse to have fistfights and chases like action does, while still keeping to a good plot and building anticipation. They wear masks – concealed or mistaken identity is a common theme in thrillers. The music is typical of an action thriller (see sound) as it feels urgent and starts slow but speeds up and helps the film keep to a fast pace.

3. SOUND There is a tickaticka sound and then non-diagetic sound is used as the music begins. It’s typical of action thrillers, fast and there feels like there’s a sound of drilling which with its sense of urgency speeds up the pace yet further.. The glass breaking adds to the feeling of chaos there is, as does the gunfire with sonic exaggeration so the diagetic sounds are emphasised in the audience’s hearing – no way that they could miss it. There’s screaming of people in the bank who realise that they may all be about to become hostages in a real life bank robbery, and they sound terrified – not at all ready.

4. USE OF TITLES Warner Bros. Usual iconic golden symbol has for this picture been changed to a more sombre dark blue filled with shadows – this won’t be like their usual commercial movies. This film is about Batman and Gotham City and the darkness that lies inside, and the theme as well as tone of the entire film will be darker than its other movies, as signified by the colour change. After Warner Bros. shows, the screen is blue with hundreds of searchlights then flashes of comics show – a woman’s afraid eye, an uppercut punch, a masked man snarling and then it all turns into the DC comics logo. The comics are all shown very fast, just like Batman’s fighting style himself – blink and you’ll miss. This sets you up into watching an action thriller which is the main genre that the film is. The screen then turns into a blue explosion like blue molten lava, then it’s fire and then smoke, a large black bat silhouette leaving its outline before all of it disappears – the emblem for the iconic Batman. That is why his presence terrifies criminals and how he usually appears as well as disappears – vanishing acts, smoke and illusion. On another level this is also showing how he is a shady character and not a clearly marked ‘good’ hero as would be Superman, but is a superhero associated with darkness and shadows; this is well suited to Batman’s sometimes questionable moral decisions and his method of handling criminals.

5. CAMERA TECHNIQUES I There is an establishing shot of Gotham city, the camera zooming in one building in particular – before the window in the middle shatters. There’s a high angle zooming down of the third man with the bag waiting on the pavement, focusing mid level on the clown’s mask he holds signalling to the audience that he too is involved. He is centre frame, and he will be important. There’s a quick aerial shot of the road to emphasise the danger of the two clowns abseiling down the line from one building to another, building tension as the audience wonders if the line will be able to hold their weight or if they’ll fall into the road and die

6. CAMERA TECHNIQUES II In the car, the third man with the bag who we later know to be the Joker is left of the frame. He is sitting in the back of the car but it’s him who is holding the gun now and him who is to the forefront of the shot. He’s lurking in the back, so you are fooled into thinking he’s unimportant for now, effectively maintaining his disguise of just another clown crony. Yet though he doesn’t speak, the camera focuses on him. The other two in the car are only focused on after, with the driver at the forefront, when they begin speaking about the Joker. Again there is a high angle looking down on the other two clown cronies elsewhere as they try to pry open an entrance while they talk about the Joker. There is a low angle of the bag man (Joker), showing how he surveys the area in his mask as we look up at him as he is the superior one as they all run up the steps to the bank – and again, he is centre frame showing he is the most important character central to the plot.

7. MISE EN SCENE I They are all wearing masks, clown masks – this is indicative of the Joker’s black sense of humour, as they all end up shooting each other on his command, because they are his clowns. They’d been saying he wouldn’t get a share himself, but now the joke’s on them – because he is the Joker. They all have guns and are dangerous, legitimising the image of clowns in pop culture from childhood although intended to be for light-hearted entertainment having a strange quality about them that makes many children fear them to the point of phobia. These clowns epitomise that fear, because not only can they hurt you but they can kill you. .

8. MISE EN SCENE II ‘I heard they call him the Joker’ – the dialogue builds up to the dramatic entrance and reveal of the joker, all the talk about him though we have not seen him yet. ‘Because he wears make up – you know, war paint’. Rumours and mystery surround him, building him up. ‘He thinks he can sit it out and still take a slice’ – they speak of the Joker as if he were not present, condescendingly. They haven’t thought it out, whether the Joker has planned a trick on them or has made plans for their betrayal never mind his actually being there in the car with them. They are more or less gossiping – not fully focused on their job, relying too much on their guns and the element of surprise