The World And The Identity Of The Church
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The document provides historical context about the Roman Empire and surrounding regions in the 1st century AD. It discusses the political and cultural landscape, including the dominance of Greek culture and various philosophical and religious movements of the time period. These include Stoicism, Epicureanism, Cynicism, Skepticism, and Gnosticism. It then describes the early Christian church emerging in this environment and how they saw themselves, as well as their core beliefs about God, Jesus, salvation, and the afterlife.
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This document provides an overview of different worldview families and how they have changed over time:
1. Premodernism held that revelation is the sole source of knowledge and authority comes from divine sources. Revelation was mediated through religious authorities.
2. Modernism emerged during the Enlightenment and held that reason is the source of knowledge and authority comes from society rather than God. Laws were viewed as universal and absolute. It separated the sacred and secular.
3. Postmodernism rejects the notion that humanity is in control of the universe. It views truth as relative and meaning as determined by individuals. It questions Western cultural superiority.
4. Critical social theory seeks to expose oppression and empower the oppressed.
Science and consciousness.ppt
This document summarizes the transition from philosophy to science in Europe. It discusses how early Greek philosophers like Thales began developing philosophy to understand concepts like the origin of the world. Aristotle then made important contributions by writing the first physics book, marking the transition to modern science. Christianity later adopted Aristotle's philosophy and it dominated scientific thought for over 1000 years. The Scientific Revolution began with Copernicus proposing a sun-centered model of the universe, contradicting the established earth-centered view. Kepler further developed this based on Brahe's accurate observations, establishing the first laws of planetary motion.
Stoics, Epicureans, Skeptics
The document discusses the philosophy of Epicurus and Epicureanism. It provides background on Epicurus, including that he believed in attaining peace of mind (ataraxia) and not fearing death. It discusses several key aspects of Epicurean philosophy, such as removing anxiety as the path to happiness, not fearing gods or an afterlife, and finding pleasure in simple things. It also mentions how Epicureanism influenced other philosophers and societies through history.
Who Do UU Say That I Am?
An introduction to Jesus for Unitarian Universalists, religious liberals, the spiritual but not religious, progressive Christians, skeptics, seekers, "Nones" and others.
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Religion in the Ancient Mediterranean: Course Description
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THE PLATONIC AND NEOPLATONIC TRADITIONS AND ROOTS OF CHRISTIANITY
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More from Jon Kohler
Wk13 rev 22.6-21
The document provides an analysis and summary of Revelation 22:6-21, which concludes the book of Revelation. It examines the themes of each section, including exhortations to holiness, warnings about adding or removing from God's words, and the promise of Jesus's imminent return. Key points emphasized are that the purpose is to encourage holy obedience and stir hope for Christ's coming, and the themes of Revelation are continued in this conclusion to drive home the message.
Wk12 revelation 20 and the question of the millennium
The document discusses different views on the interpretation of Revelation chapter 20 and the millennium it describes. It outlines four main views:
1) Dispensational premillennialism sees chapters 1-3 dealing with the church, then a rapture in chapter 4 followed by chapters 4-19 dealing with Israel during a future 7-year tribulation. Christ then establishes a 1000-year Jewish kingdom on earth.
2) Premillennialism sees the book relating to the persecuted church until Christ's second coming, followed by a millennium and final judgment.
3) Postmillennialism views the millennium as fulfilled through the gradual Christianization of the world, with Christ returning after the millenn
Wk12 new creation revelation 21.1-22.5
The document provides commentary on Revelation 21:1-22:5, which describes the new heaven and new earth and the New Jerusalem. Key points:
- The old order is destroyed and God establishes a new creation where death, mourning, crying and pain are no more.
- The New Jerusalem represents the bride of Christ, the new covenant people of God from all nations. It descends from heaven adorned as a bride.
- God dwells among his people in the city, fulfilling promises made in Eden, the tabernacle and temple. The city has massive dimensions symbolic of God's redeemed people from all nations.
- The city is made of pure gold and gems, reflecting
Rabbinical Judaism
The document summarizes the history of Judaism during the Second Temple period and the development of branches of Rabbinic Judaism including Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform views. During the Second Temple period, the Temple was rebuilt with help from Persian kings. Later, Alexander the Great conquered the region and Greek influence increased. Tensions arose between religious groups like the Sadducees, Pharisees, and Zealots. Over time, the main branches of Judaism developed with differing views on issues like scripture, God, tradition, and the afterlife.
Judaism Pt 2
The document provides a historical overview of Judaism during the Second Temple period from 559 BC to AD 70. It describes the major political powers that ruled over Israel including the Persians, Greeks, Romans, and Herodian dynasty. Key events included the rebuilding of the temple, Hellenization of the region, Maccabean revolt against the Seleucids, and the eventual destruction of the temple by the Romans in AD 70. The document also discusses the major Jewish sects and sources that inform our understanding of Second Temple Judaism such as the Dead Sea Scrolls, Mishnah, and Midrash.
Protestant Christianity (3b)
The document outlines the history and branches of Protestant Christianity, beginning with reformers like John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, and Martin Luther in the 15th-16th centuries. It discusses the core emphases of Protestantism like relying on scripture over church authority and a personal relationship with God. The document then describes major Protestant denominations like Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anglicanism, and later movements such as Baptists, Methodists, and Pentecostals. It also mentions non-traditional Christian groups considered heretical and global religions influenced by Christianity.
Judaism Pt 3a
The document discusses the main branches of Judaism - Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist. It outlines some of their key beliefs and histories. The Orthodox branch holds a literal view of scripture and tradition. The Conservative branch believes in a moderate approach. Reform Judaism is more liberal in its interpretations. Reconstructionism sees Judaism as constantly evolving and views scripture symbolically rather than literally. Zionism and the creation of Israel are also mentioned.
Judaism Pt 1
The document summarizes key periods and events in early Judaism and Israelite history:
1) The Patriarchal period from around 2000-1550 BC when Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob lived in Canaan.
2) The time of Moses and Joshua in the 15th-13th century BC, including the Exodus from Egypt and establishment of Israel.
3) The united kingdom of Israel under kings Saul, David, and Solomon from the 11th-10th century BC. This was later divided into the northern and southern kingdoms.
Catholic Christianity (3a)
The document traces the evolution of church governance from the early Christian church through the development of Catholicism. It discusses how some churches began giving more authority to certain bishops, which evolved into bishops having authority over entire regions called patriarchs. When doctrinal questions arose, church councils were called to seek consensus, and this authority eventually fell to the bishop of Rome, later called the pope. Three lines of authority then developed in Catholicism - the pope speaking infallibly, church councils and traditions, and scripture being the third line of authority interpreted by the church.
Christianity Critique
The document provides a critique of evangelicalism and Catholicism. For evangelicalism, it discusses how revivalism, separation of church and state, uncritical cultural synthesis, and liberal economic views contributed to a lack of intellectualism. It analyzes the "didactic enlightenment" period and how fundamentalism furthered anti-intellectualism. For Catholicism, it questions the authority of the Pope, texts used to support papal authority, and how bad popes impact claims of infallibility. It also discusses how infallibility could apply to the situation in Galatians.
Christianity 2
Paul was born in Tarsus and was educated in Jerusalem as a Pharisee. He violently persecuted early Christians until his conversion on the road to Damascus. He then became the most influential early Christian missionary, founding many churches in Asia Minor and Europe and writing many of the epistles of the New Testament. Paul emphasized that salvation comes through faith in Christ, not works of the law, and that Gentiles are equal with Jews in God's eyes. He preached about redemption through Christ's death and resurrection, and about living ethically in light of Christ's return.
Christianity 1a
The document outlines Jesus' life from his birth in 6 BC to his ascension in 30 AD. It details his birth and youth in Galilee, the beginning of his ministry at age 30, his extensive ministry teaching and healing in Galilee for 3 years, travels outside Galilee, ministry in Perea and Judea, last days including the crucifixion, and resurrection appearances before his ascension. Key events mentioned include his baptism by John the Baptist, temptation in the wilderness, Sermon on the Mount, feeding miracles, transfiguration, cleansing the temple, last supper, crucifixion and resurrection.
Ancient Near Eastern Religions (Iraq And Iran)
Mesopotamian religions developed between 7000 BC and 332 BC in the area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Writing emerged around 3100 BC, allowing knowledge of Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations. The Assyrian Empire conquered Judah in 722 BC and Babylon defeated Assyria in 597 BC, destroying Jerusalem in 587 BC. Mesopotamian myths included the Enuma Elish and the Epic of Gilgamesh. Zoroastrianism emerged in Persia in the 7th century BC based on the teachings of Zoroaster, including dualism and judgment after death. It influenced other religions through figures like Cyrus
Wk10 The Seven Bowls
The document provides an in-depth analysis and comparison of the seven bowl judgments in Revelation 15-16 with the seven trumpet judgments and plagues in Exodus. It finds that they follow the same order and draw from the same Exodus plague imagery. The judgments intensify conflict between God and those who oppose him, culminating in the final gathering of forces at Armageddon and the ultimate victory of God at the last judgment described in Revelation 16:17-21.
Wk8 The Seven Trumpets 8 6 11 19
The document summarizes the biblical plagues of Revelation's seven trumpets, which parallel the plagues on Egypt. The trumpets increase in intensity from one-third destruction to all-encompassing. An angel announces three "woes" for the remaining trumpets. The fifth trumpet unleashes locust-like demons from the Abyss to torment unbelievers. The sixth trumpet releases four angels bound at the Euphrates to mobilize a vast cavalry force.
Wk7 Rev 5
The document summarizes chapter 5 of the book of Revelation. It describes a scroll held by God that is sealed with seven seals. No one is found worthy to open the scroll until the Lamb, Jesus Christ, is revealed. He is worthy as the slain Lamb to open the scroll because his death purchased people for God from every nation. The Lamb receives praise from creatures in heaven, on earth, under the earth, and in the sea for being worthy to take the scroll. The living creatures and elders worship the Lamb in response.
Wk7 Rev 4
1) John has a vision of God's heavenly throne room where God sits on his throne surrounded by 24 elders and 4 living creatures.
2) The living creatures continuously praise God as "holy, holy, holy" and the elders lay their crowns before God's throne in worship.
3) The vision emphasizes God's sovereignty and worthiness of worship as the divine Creator who reigns eternally.
Wk7 Rev 6 1 8 5
The document provides background on the opening of the seven seals in Revelation 6-8. It discusses perspectives on whether the seals represent future or ongoing events. Each seal is then summarized: the first four seals depict riders on white, red, black, and pale horses representing conquest, war, famine, and death. The fifth seal shows souls of martyrs crying out under God's altar. The document provides historical and biblical context for interpreting the seals.
Why Study The Nt
The document discusses the influence and importance of the Bible throughout history, noting that more copies of the Bible have been printed than any other book. It has shaped nations, civilizations, and the salvation or damnation of souls according to Christians. The Bible answers fundamental questions about human existence, purpose, morality, and destiny. Scholars have studied and debated the Bible for over 2000 years.
What Is The Gospel
The document discusses what the gospel is and provides context around the origins and purposes of the gospels. It notes that the gospel message is the good news of Jesus' life, death for our salvation, and resurrection. It also explains that the gospels were written to spread this message more widely, as the apostles were dying, and provide factual material to teach new converts. The gospels can be trusted as their information can be traced back to the apostles who knew Jesus or their close associates like Mark.
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4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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The World And The Identity Of The Church
- 1. “ The World and the identity of the earliest Church”
- 4. “ Historians have long observed that conditions in the first century were just right for the spread of Christianity. There was relative peace, a common language (Greek), some level of social order enabling safe travel, and an increasing network of roads and sea routes.”
- 17. Christianity held these philosophies in check by saying that there was a norm and standard to life, and that was modeled by the life of Christ. Freedom is only found in Christ not in experiential self-expression; furthermore, truth is rooted in God’s creative mastery over the universe.
- 21. The desperation of ancient and modern culture and the answer to the world’s vacuum is Christ.