Judaism Pt 2
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The document provides a historical overview of Judaism during the Second Temple period from 559 BC to AD 70. It describes the major political powers that ruled over Israel including the Persians, Greeks, Romans, and Herodian dynasty. Key events included the rebuilding of the temple, Hellenization of the region, Maccabean revolt against the Seleucids, and the eventual destruction of the temple by the Romans in AD 70. The document also discusses the major Jewish sects and sources that inform our understanding of Second Temple Judaism such as the Dead Sea Scrolls, Mishnah, and Midrash.
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Washington, DC 20002
Religious Organisations
This document discusses various typologies for classifying religious organizations, including churches, sects, denominations, and cults. It summarizes the views of scholars like Troeltsch, Niebuhr, Wallis, Stark and Bainbridge on how these religious groups can be categorized based on factors like their relationship with wider society, commitment level demanded of members, exclusivity of beliefs, and leadership structure. The document also examines explanations for the growth of new religious movements in recent decades, such as marginalization, relative deprivation, and social change. It outlines theories on the typical life cycle and dynamics of sects over time as well as examples of established sects that have endured.
Dead Sea Scrolls Sound And Video Youtube
The Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered in 1947 in caves near the Dead Sea. They contain biblical, apocryphal, and sectarian writings from 150 BCE to 68 CE. The scrolls were written by an ascetic Jewish sect called the Essenes who lived in Qumran. The scrolls provide insight into Second Temple Judaism and validate the accuracy of the Hebrew Bible and oral traditions of the Pharisees.
Comparative Religions
The document provides an overview of several major world religions, including Islam, Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Judaism, and Confucianism. For each religion, it discusses the founder, date and location of origin, areas it spread to, current follower numbers, key beliefs and texts, religious leadership structure, and major sects. The religions originated across Asia, the Middle East, and Europe between 1500 BCE and 625 CE and have since spread globally, with over 2 billion Christians and over 1 billion Muslims worldwide today.
Judaism presentation
This presentation provides a high-level overview of 9 key areas of Judaism: the relationship with God and the Torah; the history of sacred texts; the Ten Commandments; Jerusalem; the nation of Israel; different Jewish sects; the Holocaust; sacred practices and holidays; and Judaism today. It discusses core beliefs like monotheism, key texts like the Torah and Talmud, important figures and places, how Judaism has adapted over time, and provides a brief wrap-up of the information presented.
Pharisees
The Pharisees emerged in the 2nd century BC as a politico-religious sect that separated themselves from Hellenistic influences on Judaism. They became the most prominent Jewish sect after the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD, emphasizing strict observance of the Torah and oral law. After the Temple's destruction, Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai instructed Jews to pursue ritual atonement through good deeds rather than sacrifices. The Pharisees' teachings formed the basis for Rabbinic Judaism, which became the dominant form of Judaism after other sects disappeared following Roman persecution.
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A Brief Introduction to the History of the New Testament
A Brief Introduction to the History of the New Testament
Session 01 New Testament Overview - Introduction and Summary
Session 01 New Testament Overview - Introduction and Summary
Similar to Judaism Pt 2
Lecture 10 new testament background
The document summarizes the historical context of the New Testament, including the Exile, Persian rule, Greek rule under Alexander the Great, and the Intertestamental Period. It describes how the Jews experienced varying degrees of freedom and oppression under the Ptolemaic and Seleucid empires. Antiochus IV Epiphanes severely persecuted the Jews and forbade their religious practices, leading to the Maccabean revolt led by Judas Maccabeus and the reclamation of the temple.
The historical background before jesus’ coming
The historical background section summarizes the major periods in Jewish history before Jesus' coming. It discusses the return from Babylon in 538 BCE, the establishment of synagogues during the exile, the Hellenistic period beginning in 332 BCE where Greek culture spread after Alexander's conquest, and the Hasmonean period from 167-63 BCE where the Maccabees led a revolt against the Seleucids. It also briefly describes the main Jewish sects during this time: the Pharisees who believed in oral law and the afterlife, the Sadducees who rejected oral law and the afterlife, and the Essenes who lived as ascetics in the desert. Finally, it notes that
Gian
The document provides historical context on the end of Jewish independence and the beginning of Roman rule in Judea. It discusses how internal conflicts between Jewish leaders Hyrcanus II and Aristobolus II led the Roman general Pompey to intervene and capture Jerusalem in 63 BCE, ending the Hasmonean dynasty and Jewish self-rule. Pompey installed Hyrcanus II as high priest but not king, and divided Judea into five regions under Roman administration. The Roman Empire then ruled over Judea through client kings and procurators. During this time, many Jews and pagans anticipated the coming of a promised Messiah.
Gian
1) Jewish independence ended in 63 BCE when Pompey conquered Jerusalem and the Temple, making Judea a client state of Rome. Hyrcanus II was made high priest but without the title of king.
2) The Romans installed Herod as king of the Jews in 40 BCE. Though king, Herod was still subordinate to the Roman emperor.
3) There was widespread expectation among Jews and pagans of a coming messiah who would save the world from destruction. Many hoped this messiah would come from Palestine.
Linha do Tempo Bíblica
This document provides a complete biblical timeline that outlines 10 historical eras of biblical history along with the books of the Bible that correspond to each era. It includes significant world events placed above a central timeline and biblical events placed below. The summary highlights the timeline spans from creation to the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 AD and includes events such as the life of Jesus from his birth to death and resurrection around 30 AD as well as the missionary journeys of Paul.
The ancient Egypt
1. Ancient Egypt grew around the Nile River, which flooded annually and provided fertile land. Egypt was divided into Upper and Lower Egypt.
2. Around 3100 BC, King Menes unified Upper and Lower Egypt, beginning Egypt's civilization. Major periods included the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. The pharaoh ruled as both political and religious leader.
3. Egyptian society was divided into classes like nobles, merchants, and peasants. Agriculture along the Nile supported the economy, while arts, mathematics, and religion also flourished under important gods like Ra, Osiris, and Horus.
Humanities by Cynthia Zera
The document discusses the history of philosophy in ancient Rome. It notes that Roman men did not begin studying philosophy until around 200 BC and that women were not allowed to study philosophy. It also discusses some of the major Roman philosophers like Cicero and Seneca and notes that most Roman philosophy was based on Greek philosophy but was translated to Latin. The three main schools of philosophy in ancient Rome were materialism, pluralism, and atomism.
The Punic Wars In Ancient Rome
The major factors that led to clashes between Rome and the Hellenistic kingdoms were:
1) Expansion of Roman power into territories controlled by Hellenistic kingdoms
2) Conflicts over influence and control of Greek city-states in Italy and Sicily
3) Internal instability and succession disputes within the Hellenistic kingdoms
Rome's expansionist ambitions and desire to control territories in Italy and the Mediterranean contributed to tensions. However, the internal political instability within the Hellenistic kingdoms also exacerbated conflicts on multiple occasions. Responsibility for the clashes is shared between Rome
Apocalyptic Studies - Revelation - Introductory Matters
The document provides an overview of the Book of Revelation, including:
1) Key themes drawn from the book of Daniel such as judgment, the end times, and the great controversy.
2) The Greek title "Apocalypse" means an uncovering or unveiling of truths.
3) Revelation is divided into two parts, with chapters 1-12 covering events between the first and second coming of Christ, and chapters 13-22 focusing on the second coming.
THE HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY.pptx
Christianity began in the 1st century CE after Jesus died and resurrected, starting as a small Jewish group in Judea but quickly spreading throughout the Roman Empire. It faced persecution from Roman emperors from Nero to Diocletian between the 1st and 4th centuries CE who blamed Christians for problems and sought to destroy the religion, torturing and killing thousands of Christians in horrific ways like burning or throwing them to lions but Christianity continued to grow despite the persecutions.
Other jewish literature of the first century
This document discusses various Jewish literature from the first century CE. It describes extra-biblical writings like the Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha, as well as rabbinic works including the Talmud and Midrash. It also profiles two important Jewish historians and philosophers of the period - Josephus, who recorded Jewish history, and Philo of Alexandria, a Hellenized Jew who sought to reconcile Judaism with Greek philosophy.
Ap world history_flash_cards
The document contains summaries of various historical topics in 3 sentences or less. It covers a wide range of people, places, events and concepts from across history, including African gold trade, World War I alliances, al-Qaeda, Archimedes, the Armenian genocide, the arms race between the US and USSR, Thomas Aquinas, the Atlantic slave trade, the atomic bomb, the Balkans region, the Aztec civilization, the Black Death plague, William Blackstone, the Bolsheviks in Russia, Simón Bolívar, Napoleon Bonaparte, Robert Boyle, the Byzantine Empire, Buddhism, John Calvin, Christianity, the Cold War, Winston Churchill, the Columbian exchange after 1492, the commercial revolution, Nicolas Copernicus
Egypt: The Kingdom Along the Nile
- Egypt was unified around 3100 BC under King Narmer (also known as Menes), who conquered Upper and Lower Egypt and established the first dynasty. This began a period of stability and centralized rule under divine pharaohs that lasted over 3,000 years.
- The Nile River provided highly predictable flooding that made the land fertile and facilitated Egypt's isolation, uniform culture, and political stability. Egyptians developed a complex religion, burial customs, hieroglyphic writing system, and constructed large pyramids and temples.
- Egyptian society was highly stratified with the pharaoh as a god-king at the top. After death, individuals underwent mummification to preserve their body for the after
Israel's history according to the Old Testament
A chart describing Israel's history in periods starting with the growth of Semitic civilizations starting in 3000 BC through the Maccabees and Roman Period to 1 AD. A useful chart for Bible study to understand the flow of history behind the OT books.
2.1 B Empires SouthernEuropepost.pptx
This document summarizes the history of southern Europe from early civilizations to the modern era. It describes how the ancient Greeks and Romans established the foundations of European civilization through developments in philosophy, science, architecture, democracy, and more. Major events and time periods covered include the rise and fall of classical empires and kingdoms, the Middle Ages, Renaissance, world wars, and formation of the European Union.
Judaism Pt 1
This document provides an overview of the history and geography of ancient Israel in 4 parts:
1) Israel's ancestry beginning with the patriarchs Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob during the Middle Bronze Age in Mesopotamia and Egypt.
2) Israel's beginnings under Moses and Joshua, including their exodus from Egypt and conquest of Canaan.
3) Israel's statehood under King David and his dynasty, followed by the divided kingdom and influence of Assyria and Babylon.
4) Israel's exile in Babylon and restoration under Cyrus the Great of Persia, which set the stage for Second Temple Judaism.
Chapter6presentation1
The document provides an overview of the origins and history of Judaism and Christianity. It discusses the key periods and events in Jewish history from the patriarchs to the exile and return. It also covers the life of Jesus and the early Christian church established by Paul. The Bible served as the central text that shaped Western culture and values through its emphasis on monotheism, ethics, and influential stories and figures.
The Ancient Greece
1. Ancient Greece developed along the coasts and islands of the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor, characterized by proximity to the sea, mountainous terrain, and numerous islands.
2. Greek civilization evolved from pre-Hellenic cultures like the Minoans and Mycenaeans, followed by the Archaic period marked by the rise of city-states (poleis) like Athens and Sparta. During the Classical period, Athens and Sparta grew powerful but rivalry led to the Peloponnesian War, weakening the poleis.
3. Alexander the Great then conquered the Persian Empire and established Hellenistic kingdoms across Western Asia and Egypt, spreading Greek culture widely.
Lecture 1 introduction to biblical archaeology
Archaeology is the systematic study of past human civilizations through the recovery and examination of physical remains and artifacts. Biblical archaeology specifically studies the archaeological evidence for people, places, and time periods mentioned in the Bible, including artifacts relating to biblical figures like Pontius Pilate and archaeological sites mentioned in the Bible like Hezekiah's tunnel. Uncovering and analyzing archaeological evidence helps provide historical context for understanding the Bible and early civilizations it describes.
World religions judaism
The document provides an overview of the history and beliefs of Judaism, beginning with its biblical roots in figures like Abraham and Moses and key events like the Exodus and establishment of the Law at Sinai. It discusses the development of Jewish religious institutions and worship during biblical times and through the exile and diaspora, as well as the contributions of historical periods like the Middle Ages. The summary also outlines major modern developments and responses in Judaism like Zionism, the Holocaust, and the establishment of the modern State of Israel, as well as different Jewish religious movements today.
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Apocalyptic Studies - Revelation - Introductory Matters
Apocalyptic Studies - Revelation - Introductory Matters
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Wk13 rev 22.6-21
The document provides an analysis and summary of Revelation 22:6-21, which concludes the book of Revelation. It examines the themes of each section, including exhortations to holiness, warnings about adding or removing from God's words, and the promise of Jesus's imminent return. Key points emphasized are that the purpose is to encourage holy obedience and stir hope for Christ's coming, and the themes of Revelation are continued in this conclusion to drive home the message.
Wk12 revelation 20 and the question of the millennium
The document discusses different views on the interpretation of Revelation chapter 20 and the millennium it describes. It outlines four main views:
1) Dispensational premillennialism sees chapters 1-3 dealing with the church, then a rapture in chapter 4 followed by chapters 4-19 dealing with Israel during a future 7-year tribulation. Christ then establishes a 1000-year Jewish kingdom on earth.
2) Premillennialism sees the book relating to the persecuted church until Christ's second coming, followed by a millennium and final judgment.
3) Postmillennialism views the millennium as fulfilled through the gradual Christianization of the world, with Christ returning after the millenn
Wk12 new creation revelation 21.1-22.5
The document provides commentary on Revelation 21:1-22:5, which describes the new heaven and new earth and the New Jerusalem. Key points:
- The old order is destroyed and God establishes a new creation where death, mourning, crying and pain are no more.
- The New Jerusalem represents the bride of Christ, the new covenant people of God from all nations. It descends from heaven adorned as a bride.
- God dwells among his people in the city, fulfilling promises made in Eden, the tabernacle and temple. The city has massive dimensions symbolic of God's redeemed people from all nations.
- The city is made of pure gold and gems, reflecting
Rabbinical Judaism
The document summarizes the history of Judaism during the Second Temple period and the development of branches of Rabbinic Judaism including Orthodox, Conservative, and Reform views. During the Second Temple period, the Temple was rebuilt with help from Persian kings. Later, Alexander the Great conquered the region and Greek influence increased. Tensions arose between religious groups like the Sadducees, Pharisees, and Zealots. Over time, the main branches of Judaism developed with differing views on issues like scripture, God, tradition, and the afterlife.
Protestant Christianity (3b)
The document outlines the history and branches of Protestant Christianity, beginning with reformers like John Wycliffe, Jan Hus, and Martin Luther in the 15th-16th centuries. It discusses the core emphases of Protestantism like relying on scripture over church authority and a personal relationship with God. The document then describes major Protestant denominations like Lutheranism, Calvinism, Anglicanism, and later movements such as Baptists, Methodists, and Pentecostals. It also mentions non-traditional Christian groups considered heretical and global religions influenced by Christianity.
Judaism Pt 3a
The document discusses the main branches of Judaism - Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist. It outlines some of their key beliefs and histories. The Orthodox branch holds a literal view of scripture and tradition. The Conservative branch believes in a moderate approach. Reform Judaism is more liberal in its interpretations. Reconstructionism sees Judaism as constantly evolving and views scripture symbolically rather than literally. Zionism and the creation of Israel are also mentioned.
Catholic Christianity (3a)
The document traces the evolution of church governance from the early Christian church through the development of Catholicism. It discusses how some churches began giving more authority to certain bishops, which evolved into bishops having authority over entire regions called patriarchs. When doctrinal questions arose, church councils were called to seek consensus, and this authority eventually fell to the bishop of Rome, later called the pope. Three lines of authority then developed in Catholicism - the pope speaking infallibly, church councils and traditions, and scripture being the third line of authority interpreted by the church.
Christianity Critique
The document provides a critique of evangelicalism and Catholicism. For evangelicalism, it discusses how revivalism, separation of church and state, uncritical cultural synthesis, and liberal economic views contributed to a lack of intellectualism. It analyzes the "didactic enlightenment" period and how fundamentalism furthered anti-intellectualism. For Catholicism, it questions the authority of the Pope, texts used to support papal authority, and how bad popes impact claims of infallibility. It also discusses how infallibility could apply to the situation in Galatians.
Christianity 2
Paul was born in Tarsus and was educated in Jerusalem as a Pharisee. He violently persecuted early Christians until his conversion on the road to Damascus. He then became the most influential early Christian missionary, founding many churches in Asia Minor and Europe and writing many of the epistles of the New Testament. Paul emphasized that salvation comes through faith in Christ, not works of the law, and that Gentiles are equal with Jews in God's eyes. He preached about redemption through Christ's death and resurrection, and about living ethically in light of Christ's return.
Christianity 1a
The document outlines Jesus' life from his birth in 6 BC to his ascension in 30 AD. It details his birth and youth in Galilee, the beginning of his ministry at age 30, his extensive ministry teaching and healing in Galilee for 3 years, travels outside Galilee, ministry in Perea and Judea, last days including the crucifixion, and resurrection appearances before his ascension. Key events mentioned include his baptism by John the Baptist, temptation in the wilderness, Sermon on the Mount, feeding miracles, transfiguration, cleansing the temple, last supper, crucifixion and resurrection.
Ancient Near Eastern Religions (Iraq And Iran)
Mesopotamian religions developed between 7000 BC and 332 BC in the area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Writing emerged around 3100 BC, allowing knowledge of Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian and Assyrian civilizations. The Assyrian Empire conquered Judah in 722 BC and Babylon defeated Assyria in 597 BC, destroying Jerusalem in 587 BC. Mesopotamian myths included the Enuma Elish and the Epic of Gilgamesh. Zoroastrianism emerged in Persia in the 7th century BC based on the teachings of Zoroaster, including dualism and judgment after death. It influenced other religions through figures like Cyrus
Wk10 The Seven Bowls
The document provides an in-depth analysis and comparison of the seven bowl judgments in Revelation 15-16 with the seven trumpet judgments and plagues in Exodus. It finds that they follow the same order and draw from the same Exodus plague imagery. The judgments intensify conflict between God and those who oppose him, culminating in the final gathering of forces at Armageddon and the ultimate victory of God at the last judgment described in Revelation 16:17-21.
Wk8 The Seven Trumpets 8 6 11 19
The document summarizes the biblical plagues of Revelation's seven trumpets, which parallel the plagues on Egypt. The trumpets increase in intensity from one-third destruction to all-encompassing. An angel announces three "woes" for the remaining trumpets. The fifth trumpet unleashes locust-like demons from the Abyss to torment unbelievers. The sixth trumpet releases four angels bound at the Euphrates to mobilize a vast cavalry force.
Wk7 Rev 5
The document summarizes chapter 5 of the book of Revelation. It describes a scroll held by God that is sealed with seven seals. No one is found worthy to open the scroll until the Lamb, Jesus Christ, is revealed. He is worthy as the slain Lamb to open the scroll because his death purchased people for God from every nation. The Lamb receives praise from creatures in heaven, on earth, under the earth, and in the sea for being worthy to take the scroll. The living creatures and elders worship the Lamb in response.
Wk7 Rev 4
1) John has a vision of God's heavenly throne room where God sits on his throne surrounded by 24 elders and 4 living creatures.
2) The living creatures continuously praise God as "holy, holy, holy" and the elders lay their crowns before God's throne in worship.
3) The vision emphasizes God's sovereignty and worthiness of worship as the divine Creator who reigns eternally.
Wk7 Rev 6 1 8 5
The document provides background on the opening of the seven seals in Revelation 6-8. It discusses perspectives on whether the seals represent future or ongoing events. Each seal is then summarized: the first four seals depict riders on white, red, black, and pale horses representing conquest, war, famine, and death. The fifth seal shows souls of martyrs crying out under God's altar. The document provides historical and biblical context for interpreting the seals.
Why Study The Nt
The document discusses the influence and importance of the Bible throughout history, noting that more copies of the Bible have been printed than any other book. It has shaped nations, civilizations, and the salvation or damnation of souls according to Christians. The Bible answers fundamental questions about human existence, purpose, morality, and destiny. Scholars have studied and debated the Bible for over 2000 years.
What Is The Gospel
The document discusses what the gospel is and provides context around the origins and purposes of the gospels. It notes that the gospel message is the good news of Jesus' life, death for our salvation, and resurrection. It also explains that the gospels were written to spread this message more widely, as the apostles were dying, and provide factual material to teach new converts. The gospels can be trusted as their information can be traced back to the apostles who knew Jesus or their close associates like Mark.
The World And The Identity Of The Church
The document provides historical context about the Roman Empire and surrounding regions in the 1st century AD. It discusses the political and cultural landscape, including the dominance of Greek culture and various philosophical and religious movements of the time period. These include Stoicism, Epicureanism, Cynicism, Skepticism, and Gnosticism. It then describes the early Christian church emerging in this environment and how they saw themselves, as well as their core beliefs about God, Jesus, salvation, and the afterlife.
The Gospel Of Matthew
The Gospel of Matthew was likely written between AD 70-110 in Syrian Antioch or Palestine to preserve what the author knew about the life and teachings of Jesus, presenting Jesus as the fulfillment of Jewish prophecy who is the Savior of both Israel and the world with supreme authority over all. Matthew portrays Jesus as a teacher, prophet, healer, and founder of the church who preached about the kingdom of heaven being both present in his ministry but also still to be fully realized.
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- 1. Judaism pt. 2 2 nd Temple Era
- 14. The Hasmonean Dynasty Mattathias Judas Jonathan Simon John Hyrcanus Alexander Jannaeus Alexandra (Wife of A.J.) Hyrcanus II Aristobulus II Antigonus vs. Antipater Mattathias Judas Jonathan Simon John Hyrcanus Alexander Jannaeus Alexandra (Wife of A.J.) Hyrcanus II Aristobulus II Antigonus vs. Antipater Herod the Great
- 18. Herodian Dynasty Herod the Great (Palestine 37-4 B.C.) Archelaus (Judea & Samaria) 4 B.C.-A.D. 6 Aristobulus Antipas Galilee & Perea 4 B.C. – A.D. 39 Replaced by Roman Procurators Pilate A.D. 26-36 Felix A.D. 52-59 Festus A.D. 59-61 Herod Agrippa I A.D. 41-44 Herod Agrippa II A.D. 49-92 philip Philip (Outside Israel) 4 B.C. –A.D. 34
- 22. Judaism
- 31. Major Annual Jewish Festivals Rosh Hashanah (New Year) 1 Tishri (Sept-Oct) Yom Kippur (Day of Atonement) 10 Tishri (Sept- Oct Sukkoth (Tabernacles) 15-22 Tishri (Sept-Oct) Hanukkah (Dedication) 25 Chislev (Nov-Dec) Purim 14 Adar (Feb-Mar) Pesach (Passover & Unleavened Bread) 14 Nisan 15-21 Nisan (Mar- Apr) Pentecost 6 Sivan (May-Jun)