The Unconscious Wish Fulfillment Theory of Sigmund Freud
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An interesting PowerPoint presentation on Sigmund Freud's unconscious wish fulfillment theory that I prepared while taking psychology at Lee University.
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Freud begins by discussing dreams that clearly fulfill wishes, such as thirst dreams where the dreamer dreams of drinking. He provides examples from his own experience. Freud then describes "dreams of convenience" and wish-fulfillment dreams reported by women. Children's dreams are often simple wish fulfillments as well. Freud speculates that animal dreams may fulfill wishes and concludes that language can provide clues about the hidden meaning of dreams.
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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ptgxNfod8SyZWB9n8EEI2irzoI3uE6Yt/view?usp=sharing
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Defense mechanism
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Projection, Substitution
Reaction formation, Fantasy
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- Ancient Greek philosophers like Plato and Hippocrates made early contributions to the study of the mind and mental processes.
- During the Middle Ages, Muslim scholars in places like Baghdad made advances in clinical psychiatry and established early psychiatric hospitals.
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Interpretation of dreams
Freud begins by discussing dreams that clearly fulfill wishes, such as thirst dreams where the dreamer dreams of drinking. He provides examples from his own experience. Freud then describes "dreams of convenience" and wish-fulfillment dreams reported by women. Children's dreams are often simple wish fulfillments as well. Freud speculates that animal dreams may fulfill wishes and concludes that language can provide clues about the hidden meaning of dreams.
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3) According to Freud's theory of psychosexual development, a child's personality is shaped as they progress through oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages, and fixation at an early stage can result in personality disorders.
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Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist who founded the field of psychoanalysis. He developed new theories about the unconscious mind and how experiences in early childhood can influence personality development. Some of Freud's major theories included psychosexual development occurring through childhood stages, and that the mind is divided into the id, ego, and superego. His influential book The Interpretation of Dreams analyzed dreams as expressions of unconscious desires and experiences. Freud's theories revolutionized the field of psychology and how people understand the human mind and behavior.
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I hope this information is helpful to those wondering about this subject.
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Psychoanalysis was originated by Sigmund Freud and further developed by Carl Jung. [1] Freud believed that unconscious drives and early childhood experiences influence behavior and can be revealed through analysis of dreams, free association, and transference. [2] Jung expanded on Freud's work and focused on bringing unconscious aspects of personality into consciousness to aid psychological growth and balance different parts of the psyche like the ego and self. [3] Both aimed to treat mental disorders by liberating repressed fears and desires through analysis of the unconscious mind.
Sigmund Freud
Sigmund Freud believed that people should strive to be in harmony with their complexes rather than try to eliminate them, as complexes are what guide human behavior. Freud developed many influential theories of psychoanalysis, including the concepts of the id, ego and superego; defense mechanisms; the interpretation of dreams; and the Oedipus complex. Although some of Freud's ideas seem abstract, the foundations of modern psychology are based on his theories of the human psyche.
MCQS on Brief History of Cinical Psychology.
- The history of clinical psychology began with the founding of the first psychological clinic at the University of Pennsylvania in 1896 by Lightner Witmer.
- Important early figures included Freud, Piaget, Hippocrates, Plato, and Galen who studied mental illness and the brain.
- In the 18th-19th centuries, moral treatment movements led to more humane treatment of the mentally ill through asylums founded by Tuke and Pinel.
- Modern clinical psychology developed through standardized testing by Binet and Simon, Freud's psychoanalysis, and growth of psychological clinics and training programs around the world.
Psychological Approaches
The document discusses several key concepts in psychology including field theory, Gestalt theory, psychodynamic approach, behavioral approach, cognitive model, and the biomedical and biopsychosocial models of health. Field theory proposes that behavior is a result of both personal and environmental factors. The psychodynamic approach emphasizes unconscious processes and childhood experiences. The behavioral approach views behavior as motivated by environmental influences, while the cognitive model focuses on mental processes like memory, problem-solving, and language.
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This document provides an overview of the history and modern theories of dream interpretation. It discusses how ancient Egyptians and Greeks saw dreams as divine messages while modern psychologists like Freud and Jung developed theories about dream meaning. The document then outlines some common dream themes like nudity, falling, and teeth dreams and provides potential interpretations. It emphasizes that dreams use symbols to convey meaning and every aspect of a dream holds significance, from colors and characters to specific body parts. The goal is to help readers understand what their dreams may represent or indicate.
Psychodynamic theory of personality
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Solution
In the year 1905, Freud developed a model of the mind, which he used to describe the features of
the mind’s structure and function. He stated that on the surface of the mind is consciousness,
which consists of those thoughts that are the focus of our attention now. The preconscious
consists of all which can be retrieved from memory. The third and most significant region is the
unconscious. Here lie the processes that are the real cause of most behaviour.
In 1923, Freud developed a structural model of mind. Mind has entities like id, ego and
superego. Freud assumed the id operated at an unconscious level according to the pleasure
principle. Eros, or life instinct, helps the individual to survive; it directs life-sustaining activities
such as respiration, eating. The ego develops from the id during infancy. The ego\'s goal is to
satisfy the demands of the id in a safe a socially acceptable way. The superego develops during
early childhood (when the child identifies with the same sex parent) and is responsible for
ensuring moral standards are followed.
Freud\'s theory is very good at explaining behavior. His theory of cognitive psychology has
identified unconscious processes, such as procedural memory and automatic processing..
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Psychoanalytic criminology examines criminal behavior through the lens of Freudian psychoanalysis. It looks at personality and the unconscious mind for motives behind crime. Criminal behavior is seen as resulting from maladjustment and dysfunctional personality. While psychoanalysis provides insights, its theories of the unconscious mind have also faced scientific criticism.
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Empyema is a disease of respiratory system It is defines as the accumulation of thick, purulent fluid within the pleural space, often with fibrin development.
Empyema is also called pyothorax or purulent pleuritis.
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Basics of Electrocardiogram
CONTENTS
●Conduction System of the Heart
●What is ECG or EKG?
●ECG Leads
●Normal waves of ECG.
●Dimensions of ECG.
● Abnormalities of ECG
CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
ECG:
●ECG is a graphic record of the electrical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity precedes the mechanical activity of the heart.
●Electrical activity has two phases:
Depolarization- contraction of muscle
Repolarization- relaxation of muscle
ECG Leads:
●6 Chest leads
●6 Limb leads
1. Bipolar Limb Leads:
Lead 1- Between right arm(-ve) and left arm(+ve)
Lead 2- Between right arm(-ve) and left leg(+ve)
Lead 3- Between left arm(-ve)
and left leg(+ve)
2. Augmented unipolar Limb Leads:
AvR- Right arm
AvL- Left arm
AvF- Left leg
3.Chest Leads:
V1 : Over 4th intercostal
space near right sternal margin
V2: Over 4th intercostal space near left sternal margin
V3:In between V2 and V4
V4:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
clavicular line
V5:Over left 5th intercostal space on the anterior
axillary line
V6:Over left 5th intercostal space on the mid
axillary line.
Normal ECG:
Waves of ECG:
P Wave
•P Wave is a positive wave and the first wave in ECG.
•It is also called as atrial complex.
Cause: Atrial depolarisation
Duration: 0.1 sec
QRS Complex:
•QRS’ complex is also called the initial ventricular complex.
•‘Q’ wave is a small negative wave. It is continued as the tall ‘R’ wave, which is a positive wave.
‘R’ wave is followed by a small negative wave, the ‘S’ wave.
Cause:Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization
Duration: 0.08- 0.10 sec
T Wave:
•‘T’ wave is the final ventricular complex and is a positive wave.
Cause:Ventricular repolarization Duration: 0.2 sec
Intervals and Segments of ECG:
P-R Interval:
•‘P-R’ interval is the interval
between the onset of ‘P’wave and onset of ‘Q’ wave.
•‘P-R’ interval cause atrial depolarization and conduction of impulses through AV node.
Duration:0.18 (0.12 to 0.2) sec
Q-T Interval:
•‘Q-T’ interval is the interval between the onset of ‘Q’
wave and the end of ‘T’ wave.
•‘Q-T’ interval indicates the ventricular depolarization
and ventricular repolarization,
i.e. it signifies the
electrical activity in ventricles.
Duration:0.4-0.42sec
S-T Segment:
•‘S-T’ segment is the time interval between the end of ‘S’ wave and the onset of ‘T’ wave.
Duration: 0.08 sec
R-R Interval:
•‘R-R’ interval is the time interval between two consecutive ‘R’ waves.
•It signifies the duration of one cardiac cycle.
Duration: 0.8 sec
Dimension of ECG:
How to find heart rhytm of the heart?
Regular rhytm:
Irregular rhytm:
More than or less than 4
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is Regular :
Heart rate =
300/No.of large b/w 2 QRS complex
= 300/4
=75 beats/mins
How to find heart rate using ECG?
If heart Rhytm is irregular:
Heart rate = 10×No.of QRS complex in 6 sec 5large box = 1sec
5×6=30
10×7 = 70 Beats/min
Abnormalities of ECG:
Cardiac Arrythmias:
1.Tachycardia
Heart Rate more than 100 beats/min
Research, Monitoring and Evaluation, in Public Health
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Health Tech Market Intelligence Prelim Questions -
The Ultimate Guide to Setting up Market Research in Health Tech part -1
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
This lays foundation of scoping research project what are the
Before embarking on a research project, especially one aimed at scoping and defining parameters like the one described for health tech IT, several crucial considerations should be addressed. Here’s a comprehensive guide covering key aspects to ensure a well-structured and successful research initiative:
1. Define Research Objectives and Scope
Clear Objectives: Define specific goals such as understanding market needs, identifying new opportunities, assessing risks, or refining pricing strategies.
Scope Definition: Clearly outline the boundaries of the research in terms of geographical focus, target demographics (e.g., age, socio-economic status), and industry sectors (e.g., healthcare IT).
3. Review Existing Literature and Resources
Literature Review: Conduct a thorough review of existing research, market reports, and relevant literature to build foundational knowledge.
Gap Analysis: Identify gaps in existing knowledge or areas where further exploration is needed.
4. Select Research Methodology and Tools
Methodological Approach: Choose appropriate research methods such as surveys, interviews, focus groups, or data analytics.
Tools and Resources: Select tools like Google Forms for surveys, analytics platforms (e.g., SimilarWeb, Statista), and expert consultations.
5. Ethical Considerations and Compliance
Ethical Approval: Ensure compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Privacy: Implement measures to protect participant confidentiality and adhere to data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA).
6. Budget and Resource Allocation
Resource Planning: Allocate resources including time, budget, and personnel required for each phase of the research.
Contingency Planning: Anticipate and plan for unforeseen challenges or adjustments to the research plan.
7. Develop Research Instruments
Survey Design: Create well-structured surveys using tools like Google Forms to gather quantitative data.
Interview and Focus Group Guides: Prepare detailed scripts and discussion points for qualitative data collection.
8. Sampling Strategy
Sampling Design: Define the sampling frame, size, and method (e.g., random sampling, stratified sampling) to ensure representation of target demographics.
Participant Recruitment: Plan recruitment strategies to reach and engage the intended participant groups effectively.
9. Data Collection and Analysis Plan
Data Collection: Implement methods for data gathering, ensuring consistency and validity.
Analysis Techniques: Decide on analytical approaches (e.g., statistical
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Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
Health informatics has huge employment potential and provides a big business opportunity for the healthcare industry. A big pool of trained health informatics manpower can lead to product & service innovations on a global scale in India.
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The Unconscious Wish Fulfillment Theory of Sigmund Freud
- 1. 07/02/17 1 The Unconscious Wish Fulfillment Theory of Sigmund Freud Robert King Casa Grande, Arizona
- 2. 07/02/17 2 Freud’s Wish Fulfillment Theory Freud believed all dreams consist of unrealized desires, often formed from "latent content" of the unconscious and concealed in the "manifest content" that we perceive in the dream (Dreams 7- 8, 22-24, 28, 31-32, 34).
- 3. 07/02/17 3 Freud’s Wish Fulfillment Theory The unconscious takes the latent content and transforms it into the veiled manifest content through the “dream work” process, thus allowing the dreamer to indirectly engage in unacceptable impulses relevant to repressed sexual desires and/or aggression (D'Amoto 183-85, 189-91, 198-99; Freud, Dreams 41-43).
- 4. 07/02/17 4 Freud’s Wish Fulfillment Theory • Freud believed that the particular dream symbolism of the manifest content could be understood by analysis, which consisted of discovering its association with the correct latent content in the mind of the dreamer (Dreams 6-8, 23; D'Amoto 188; Feldman 147; MacDuffie and Mashour 190, 193).
- 5. 07/02/17 5 Freud’s Wish Fulfillment Theory Matalon breaks down Freud's technique of dream interpretation into three different steps: 1. Dismantling the dream content into separate elements 2. Allowing the dreamer to identify associated ideas with these elements 3. Putting together these pieces into a reasonable interpretation (521; also cf. Freud, Dreams 5-8).
- 6. 07/02/17 6 Evaluating Freud's Theory “The future which the dream shows us is not that which will occur, but that which we would like to occur" (Freud, Dreams 34). Approximately 65% of the imagery and context we perceive in our dream content comes from our memory of people and places from our waking past (MacDuffie and Mashour 192). One study has demonstrated that the same neural network is active in both remembering the past by assembling sensory traces into the memory and imagining the future by reassembling those sensory traces from the memory, suggesting that thoughts of the future are recombined perceptions from past events (MacDuffie and Mashour 189).
- 7. 07/02/17 7 Evaluating Freud's Theory The results of other scientific studies related to the brain's activity and processes while dreaming have resulted in conclusions supporting the probability that there is a wish fulfillment aspect to dreams (MacDuffie and Mashour 192).
- 8. 07/02/17 8 Evaluating Freud's Theory Based on Freud's published dream analyses in his writings, D'Amoto insists that Freud has proven his theory of dreams containing latent content concealed by the manifest content, as well as his method of interpreting these dreams (187).
- 9. 07/02/17 9 Other Considerations • Those born blind, and some who have become blind at an early age, do not dream in visuals but instead experience dreams with auditory, gustatory, olfactory, and tactual references (Hurovitz, Dunn, and Domhoff 183, 192; Nir and Tononi). • Research has also shown that waking cognition problems also carry over into dreams, such as those suffering from impaired face perception being unable to dream about faces (Nir and Tononi). The Freud Bobble Head
- 10. 07/02/17 10 References Cited D'Amato, Barbara. "Aggression in dreams--intersecting theories: Freud, modern psychoanalysis, threat simulation theory." Modern Psychoanalysis 35.2 (2010): 182-204. PDF. Feldman, Robert S. Understanding Psychology. 12th ed. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013. Print. Freud, Sigmund. On Dreams. Trans. M. D. Eder. Mineola, NY: Dover, 2001. Print. Hurovitz, Craig S., Sarah Dunn, G. William Domhoff, and Harry Fiss. "The Dreams of Blind Men and Women: A Replication and Extension of Previous Findings." Dreaming 9.2-3 (1999): 183-93. Web. 26 May 2015. MacDuffie, Katherine, and George A. Mashour. "Dreams and the Temporality of Consciousness." The American Journal of Psychology 123.2 (2010): 89-197. PDF. Matalon, Nadav. "The Riddle of Dreams." Philosophical Psychology 24.4 (2011): 517-36. PDF. Nir, Yuval, and Giulio Tononi. “Dreaming and the Brain: From Phenomenology to Neurophysiology.” Trends in cognitive sciences 14.2 (2010): 88. PMC. Web. 26 May 2015.