Cuba after the revolution of 1933

1. The Struggle for
Democracy in Cuba:
The Republic
INTRODUCTION
M. FONT
THE BILDNER CENTER FOR WESTERN HEMISPHERE STUDIES

2. Chronology (1893-1933)
1898: Treaty of Paris Ending Spanish American War
1901: Spain withdraws from Cuba, U.S. admin.
1901: Platt Amendment
1902-1906: President Tomás Estrada Palma; U.S. Governor William H. Taft/Charles
Magoon administer Cuba with help of U.S. troops
1909-1913: José Miguel Gómez; Independent Colored Union Uprising; U.S. Marines
1913-1916: Mario Garcia Menocal; Liberal revolt over election fraud; U.S. Marines
1921: Alfredo Zayas
1924-1933: Gerardo Machado
1929-1933: Uprising topples President Machado; U.S. Secretary of State Welles and
Revolutionary leaders name Carlos Manuel Cespedes as interim president
1933: Sergeants revolt, Ramón Grau San Martín appointed provisional president;
deposed by Sergeant/Colonel Batista

3. Chronology (1933-1958)
1934: Platt Amendment abrogated under Treaty of Relations; Treaty of Reciprocity
guarantee Cuba a share of U.S. sugar market
1935: Resignation of President Mendieta
1936: Election of Miguel Mariano Gómez followed by his impeachment engineered by
Fulgencio Batista; Vice President Federico Laredo Brú serves remainder of Gomez’s turn
1940: Election of Fulgencio Batista
1944: Election of Ramón Grau San Martín
1948: Election of Carlos Prío Socarrás
1952: Golpe de Estado by Batista; inaugurates himself President
1956: Castro and 82 followers land in Cuba; Revolutionary Student Directorate storms
the presidential palace in assassination attempt
1958: U.S. Arms support withdrawn
1958: Batista goes into exile; Castro enters Havana

4. Cuban Presidents
NAME
 Tomás Estrada Palma
José Miguel Gómez
Mario Garcia Menocal
Alfredo Zayas
Gerardo Machado
Carlos Manuel de Cespedes
Ramón Grau San Martín
Carlos Mendieta
Miguel Mariano Gómez
Fulgencio Batista
Ramón Grau San Martín
Carlos Prío Socarrás
DATES
May 20, 1902-Sept. 28 1906
Jan. 28, 1909-May 20, 1913
May 20, 1913-May 20, 1921
May 20, 1921-May 20, 1925
May 20, 1925-Aug. 12, 1933
Aug. 12, 1933-Sept. 2, 1933
Sept. 10, 1933-Jan. 14, 1934
Jan. 18, 1934-Dec. 11, 1935
May 20, 1936-Dec. 23, 1936
Oct. 10, 1940-Oct. 10, 1944
Oct. 10, 1944-Oct. 10, 1948
Oct. 10, 1948-Mar. 10, 1952

5. American Occupation 1898-1902
In 1908, U.S. occupation troops camp in front of the Presidential Palace in Havana. The
U.S. flag is displayed.

6. 1902: Tomás Estrada Palma
elected President

7. 1907: Partido Independiente de Color is
the first race-based political party

8. 1923: Pilar Morlón serves as President at the
first National Women’s Congress in Havana

9. 1924-1933: President Machado and the
Revolution of 1933.

10. The Revolution of 1933

11. 1933: Student rally at University of
Havana

12. 1933: Armed students

13. 1933: Angry mob attacks a government
run newspaper

14. 1951: Funeral procession in Havana for
Eduardo Chibas, leader of the Ortodoxos