War of Independence

1. American
Revolutionary War

2. • For the first time people express their claims to the
metropolis and demand the exercise of their natural
rights. The British government did not want to negotiate
with this "gathering of Scots, Irish, vagrants and
descendants of convicts." The colonists began to create
armed groups and stock up on weapons.
• On April 19, 1775, the American War of Independence
began. The creation and command of a regular army was
entrusted to the wealthy Virginian planter George
Washington (1732-1799),as he had experience in
conducting military operations against the Indians and the
French.
The American War of Independence was a major military
conflict between the forces of the thirteen Colonies and
the troops of Great Britain, which unfolded in North
America from 1775 to 1783.

3. • Control over the trade and economy of thirteen colonies, as a result
of which, none of the colonies had the right to trade with other states,
except for Great Britain;
• The constant presence of British troops, which caused discontent
among the population of the colonies;
•Rejection of the British monarch from the petition of Benjamin
Franklin, which spoke about the partial freedom of the colonies;
• Developed industry and agriculture could fully provide the colonies
with everything necessary, which made it possible to openly oppose
their mother country;
Causes of the American Revolutionary
War

4. • Even before the declaration of independence by the
colonists, there were several local skirmishes between
the future Americans and the British, which further upset
relations between the mother country and the colonies.
In 1772, a group of colonists attacked a grounded
English ship, wounded the captain and stole all the
valuable cargo, and then burned the ship.
• The following year, the world-famous "Boston Tea
Party" took place, as a result of which the UK lost a
large portion of expensive tea.
First encounters

5. July 4, 1776 Congress in Philadelphia passed the Declaration of
Separation from England. The declaration proclaimed the creation of an
independent state - the United States of America (USA). Its author was
Thomas Jefferson, who shared the teachings of Jean-Jacques Rousseau.​
The Declaration of Independence proclaimed the principle of popular
sovereignty (power must come from the people) and the right of the
people to overthrow the authorities that violate their rights. The
Declaration proclaimed the equality of people and such inalienable
human rights as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. The King of
England broke the law - he encroached on the personal rights of the
inhabitants of the colonies, on their property, on their right to be free and
happy.​
It is July 4, the day the Declaration was adopted, that is annually
celebrated in the United States as Independence Day, although many
more years will pass before the complete victory of the Americans in the
war.
Creation of the United States of
America

6. • Military operations unfolded mainly in the north of the country. The
English army consisted mainly of mercenaries, real professionals, but
fighting without much enthusiasm. The army of colonists experienced
great difficulties. The soldiers were poorly trained and lacked weapons.
When creating a regular army, George Washington faced great
difficulties. Like Cromwell once, he imposed discipline with a firm hand.
• The turning point of the war came at the Battle of Saratoga, when in
October 1777 the English army was surrounded and capitulated. Already
in the course of the war, the government confiscated large land holdings
of loyalists and put them on sale in small plots; Jefferson proposed that
every indigent should be given a plot of land from the western land fund
free of charge.
Military operations
in 1776-1777

7. • During the Revolutionary War, the United States received
support from France. In an effort to weaken England, Spain and
Holland also entered the war against her. Russia has taken a
friendly stance towards the United States.
• In 1781, the main British forces surrendered to the Americans
and the French near Yorktown. This was the last battle in the War
of Independence. England was defeated, the young state of the
USA won. In 1783, an equitable peace treaty was signed between
the United States and England, in which England recognized the
independence of the United States.
Successful diplomacy.
End of the war.

8. • In its meaning and character, the War of Independence was
national liberation, as it ended the dependence of the colonies on the
power of the king and the English aristocracy. At the same time, it
was also a revolution, since it established the republican system and
carried out other fundamental changes. The War of Independence
destroyed all obstacles in the development of industry and trade,
opened up scope for free competition within the country, initiative,
activity, and enterprise in economic life. After the war, the capitalist
economy began to develop in the United States, conditions were
created for the industrial revolution.
• The Americans were the first nation to seek to build their state in
accordance with the principles of the Enlightenment. However, the
slavery of blacks in the southern states still persisted, the Indians
were still driven from their land, the life of many poor people
remained difficult.
The results and significance of the
War of Independence.

9. Thank you for your
attention