This work aims to demonstrate the process that triggered the Mexican Revolution from 1910 to 1920, demonstrating the performance of its main leaders and the ways in which the rulers of the time conducted this economic and political episode in Mexico. I hope you like it, have a good read!

1. MEXICAN REVOLUTION
(1910 to 1920)
By Yury Fontão

2. YURY FONTÃO
Brazilian, Amazonian, Bachelor and
Specialist in International Relations
PRESENTATION

3. The presentation of this theme was carried out
in a group in the course of International
Relations in Latin America in the course of
International Relations, in which there was a
division of themes and we were responsible for
representing this subject that deals with the
Mexican Revolution that took place in the
period from 1910 to 1920.
PRESENTATION

4. PRESENTATION
This topic was presented to the
International Relations course by:
Ana Beatriz Melo
Gabriella D’Arcanchy
Marjorye Beltrão
Yury Fontão

5. ROAD MAP
I. History of the Revolution
II. Characteristics of the
Revolution
III.Government
IV.Geopolitics
Sources

6. I. History of the Revolution
The Revolution started in 1910 was a great
popular movement, anti-landlord and anti-
imperialist, which was responsible for
important transformations in Mexico,
despite the supremacy of the bourgeoisie
over state institutions.
It is noteworthy that the Revolution has
its most consistent origin from the
dictatorial period of Porfírio Díaz (1876-
1911).

7. I. History of the Revolution
PORFÍRIO DÍAZ
José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori was a Mexican military
and politician, President of the Republic in three
political periods.
FRANCISCO I. MADERO
Francisco Ignacio Madero González was a Mexican
revolutionary, writer and statesman who served as Mexico's
37th president from 1911 until shortly before his
assassination in 1913. A wealthy landowner, he nevertheless
became an advocate of social justice and democracy .

8. Pascual Orozco Vázquez was a Mexican revolutionary leader
who, after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution, rebelled
against Francisco I. Madero and recognized the coup d'état
led by Victoriano Huerta and the government that resulted
from it.
I. History of the Revolution
PASCUAL OROZCO VÁZQUEZ
EMILIANO ZAPATA
Emiliano Zapata Salazar was an important leader in the so-
called Mexican Revolution of 1910 against the dictatorship
of Porfirio Díaz, being considered one of the Mexican
national heroes. He was known as the Warlord of the South.

9. José Victoriano Huerta Márquez was a Mexican engineer and
military, president of Mexico between 1913 and 1914 as a
result of a coup d'état, already in the context of the
Mexican Revolution.
I. History of the Revolution
GENERAL VICTORIANO HUERTA
VENUSTIANO CARRANZA
Venustiano Carranza Garza, was one of the leaders of the
Mexican Revolution. He would eventually become president of
Mexico and it was during his tenure that Mexico's current
constitution came into effect.

10. Álvaro Obregón Salido was president of Mexico between 1920
and 1924. Born in Hacienda de Siquisiva, in Navojoa,
Sonora, he began his political career as president of the
municipality of Huatabampo. At this point, he supported
President Francisco Madero against an uprising led by
Pascual Orozco.
I. History of the Revolution
ÁLVARO OBREGÓN
PANCHO VILLA
José Doroteo Arango Arámbula, best known by his pseudonym
Francisco Villa and by the hypocoristic Pancho Villa, was
one of the best known generals and commanders of the Mexican
Revolution.

11. THE PORPHYRIATO
The period from 1876 to 1911 was characterized by the dictatorship
of Porfírio Diaz, responsible for the development of Mexican
capitalism, supported by the inflow of foreign capital and companies
and by an anti-popular policy.
I.Decolonization;
II.Power in the hands of the oliquarchic elites of Spanish origin;
III.Large merchants and landowners;
IV.Fraud, corruption and social injustices (Indians and mestizos);
V.Modernization and capitalism at the service of elites.
I. History of the Revolution

12. The main events of the Mexican Revolution were the demand for
agrarian reform and the manifestation of peasants who requested a
return to their culture, that is, the search for and appreciation of
indigenous culture. During the 1920s and 1930s, Mexico became the
heart of art on the American continent.
Socialists;
Liberals;
Anarchists;
Populists;
And in favor of the agrarian movement.
II. Characteristics of the Revolution

13. III. Government
AYALA PLAN
John Womack, historian of the Mexican Revolution, called the
Ayala Plan the "Holy Scripture" of the Zapatistas. Written by
Emiliano Zapata and Otilio Montaño and signed on November 25,
1911, the plan was proclaimed in Ayala, Morelos, on November
28 of the same year. It became the outline of the Zapatista
rebellion after its break with the initiator of the Mexican
Revolution, Francisco I. Madero.

14. III. Government
AYALA PLAN
In addition to condemning the "treason" of the more
conciliatory Madero, the Plan of Ayala presents the demands of
the Zapatista agrarian rebellion: restitution of land taken
from villages during the Porfiriato, in addition to the
agrarian redistribution of larger haciendas, with
compensation. Zapatista peasants established in the southern
state of Morelos, claimed these rights by force of arms,
continuing the rebellion started, but not ended, by Madero.

15. III. Government
GUADALUPE PLAN
"Parallel to the growth of the peasant forces commanded by
Villa and his generals, the revolutionary forces that would
support the arrival of Venustiano Carranza to the first
political post in the country began to be generated". (MEDINA,
2008, p. 102).

16. III. Government
GUADALUPE PLAN
The constitutionalists were a group that emerged in 1910 in an
attempt to depose then-president Porfírio Díaz or beat him in that
year's elections. The movement intended to retake the Constitution
of 1856, but later aimed at creating a new constitution, something
that would take place in 1917. The constitutionalists, as they were
called, having as their main leader the businessman and politician
Venustiano Carranza (1860-1920), who brought together the
revolutionary leaders of the North in 1913 to attack Huerta who had
deposed President Madero and then assassinated him, to usurp power.

17. III. Government
GUADALUPE PLAN
At that time, Carranza was the governor of Coahuila, the state
in which he was born, had great prestige and influence in the
region, and used his power to attack the usurper and new
dictator Huerta. On March 26, meeting on his farm called
Guadalupe, Carranza proposed the Plan of Guadalupe, which had
the mission of taking the country's capital, forcing Huerta to
resign the presidency, hold new presidential elections and
maintain fidelity to the Constitution of 1856.

18. III. Government
GUADALUPE PLAN
Thus, Carranza gained several allies to his cause, which
became known as the Constitutionalist Movement, which would
mark the second part of the Mexican Revolution. Generals
Álvaro Obregón, Felipe Ángeles, Adolfo de la Huerta, Pablo
González Garza, Pancho Villa, among others, joined the cause
initiated by Carranza.

19. III. Government
SAN LUIS DE POTOSÍ PLAN
In 1910, presidential elections took place and again Porfírio
Díaz ran for re-election. Although he ruled for over thirty
years as a dictator, Díaz did not abolish the suffrage system,
although he could be re-elected indefinitely and always won
fraudulent elections, not only in the presidential sphere but in
all others, as Díaz manipulated them to by his chosen ones in
office. Interestingly, in 1908, Díaz said that he would not be
re-elected in 1910 as he was tired and it was time to relinquish
power.

20. III. Government
SAN LUIS DE POTOSÍ PLAN
"In February 1908, Díaz had granted an interview to a well-
known American special correspondent, James Creelman, who had
been sent to Mexico by the popular American monthly magazine
Pearson's Magazine. term expired, in 1910, and that he would
not exercise it again even if his friends begged him to do
so". (WOMACK JR, 1988, p. 18-19).

21. III. Government
SAN LUIS DE POTOSÍ PLAN
Madero was detained in the city of Potosí by forces supporting
Díaz. There he learned of the results of the elections, Díaz
had been re-elected with the majority of the votes, so Madero
did not give up on the fight and decided to go into direct
confrontation. On October 5, he formalized the Plan of San
Luis de Potosí, in which he invited the entire population to
take up arms on November 20, starting at 6 pm, in an attempt
to overthrow the then dictator.

22. III. Government
AGUASCALIENTES CONVENTION
The Aguascalientes Convention was a meeting that took place during the
Mexican Revolution, convened on October 1, 1914 by Venustiano Carranza,
First Chief of the Constitutionalist Army, under the name of Gran
Convención de Jefes Militares con mando de fuerzas e Gobernadores de los
Estados (Great Convention of Military Chiefs with command of forces and
State Governors) and whose initial sessions took place in the Chamber of
Deputies in Mexico City, being later moved to Aguascalientes, city that
gave its name to the convention itself, which took place between October 10
and November 9, 1914. The Zapatistas did not participate in the convention
until October 26, when they staged the so-called Flag Incident, which
nearly cost the life of one of their delegates.

23. III. Government
AGUASCALIENTES CONVENTION
General Victoriano Huerta, faced with the impulse of the
revolutionary movement, presented his resignation from the Mexican
presidency in July 1914, leaving the country. Carranza intended to
discuss the political program and the affairs of government with the
other revolutionary leaders, and, as he had promised, he presented
his resignation as army chief and withdrew from the meeting. Faced
with the insistence of Emiliano Zapata's representatives, who did not
recognize Carranza's authority, and Francisco Villa's refusal to
appear in Mexico City, it was decided to transfer the convention to
Aguascalientes.

24. III. Government
AGUASCALIENTES CONVENTION
From the beginning, the assembly was dominated by the Villist elements,
who imposed their views on those of the other delegates. Declaring itself
sovereign, the assembly elected General Eulalio Gutiérrez as President of
the Republic and named Villa head of the conventionalist army, which
shortly afterwards would confront the Constitutionalist army of Carranza.
As Villa and Zapata, now reconciled, entered Mexico City on December 6
with an army of 60,000 men, Carranza and his supporters moved to
Veracruz.

25. III. Government
LA DECENA TRÁGICA
La Decena Trágica, which took place from February 9 to 18,
1913, is the name by which the military coup led by Victoriano
Huerta is known for overthrowing the then president of Mexico,
Francisco I. Madero. It is a period that marked the history of
Mexico, and also one of the most impressive political
betrayals in the history of our governments.

26. III. Government
LA DECENA TRÁGICA
When Madero took over the presidency in 1911, he decided to preserve
some of the policies of the Porfirio Diaz government and maintain
relations with people close to the former president. One reason for
this was that Madero was trying to maintain the relative political
and economic stability that the Diaz government had achieved, thanks
in part to investments from foreign countries. He also preserved the
Porphyrian army. These measures won the then-president many political
enemies, who felt that his decisions reflected a lack of empathy with
the country's marginalized classes.

27. III. Government
LA DECENA TRÁGICA
The revolt began when Generals Manuel Mondragón and Gregorio Ruiz rose
in arms in the early hours of February 9, in front of a group of cadets
from the Escola Militar de Aspirantes de Tlalpan and the group from
Barracas de Tacubaya. Its first objective was the National Palace,
where Madero and Secretary of War, Ángel García Peña; That same day
they released Generals Bernardo Reyes and Felix Diaz, who were on the
side of the coup. However, thanks to supporters of Madero's government,
the president and Garcia Peña were able to free themselves from this
first attempt at captivity.

28. III. Government
LA DECENA TRÁGICA
After days of clashes and the resignation of Madero and Vice President
José María Pino Suárez, General Lauro Villar, who was in charge of
protecting the Government Palace, was wounded and Madero placed the
Victoriano Huerta army in his place as head of O Federal Army. On
February 17, the day before Decena concluded, Gustavo A. Madero (the
president's brother) discovered that Huerta secretly agreed with his
opponents and betrayed him. Huerta denied everything to the president,
who believed him and released him. This was perhaps the most costly
mistake made by Francisco I. Madero.

29. III. Government
OCCUPATION OF THE PORT OF VERA CRUZ BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN 1914
The US occupation of Veracruz lasted six months, in response to the
Tampico incident on April 9, 1914, which provided a pretext for the US
government to increase its resentment of the government of Victoriano
Huerta. It began with the capture of the port on April 21, 1914 and
ended with the departure of foreign troops on November 23 of the same
year. The incident took place amidst poor US diplomatic relations with
Mexico as a result of the Mexican Revolution.

30. III. Government
OCCUPATION OF THE PORT OF VERA CRUZ BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN 1914
The Second American intervention was triggered by a deterioration of
diplomatic relations between both countries, and the beginning of a new
phase of the Mexican Revolution, in which a faction opposed the
government of Victoriano Huerta after his coup. Huerta, who had risen
to power through the so-called Embassy pact with Henry Lane Wilson,
tried to talk at all costs of the many factions opposed to his rule.

31. III. Government
OCCUPATION OF THE PORT OF VERA CRUZ BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN 1914
With the arrival of Woodrow Wilson, who became President of the United
States, the agreed treaty was not recognized, and the former ambassador
withdrew from Andalusia did not recognize the Huertist government;
legitimizing the rebel movement. This fact led diplomatic relations
with the country into crisis, in addition to the Tampico incident and
the Ypiranga incident that triggered the intervention.

32. III. Government
OCCUPATION OF THE PORT OF VERA CRUZ BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN 1914
The US landed in Vera Cruz with 44 boats and no warning or declaration of
war for the Mexican government. The attack began in the port on April 21,
1914, occupying the most important buildings. The troops of the military
commander of the square, General Gustavo Massa, were removed by order of
Huerta. Despite this, an integrated defense system for ninety Cadets from
the Escola Naval Militar, with 100 soldiers from the 19th battalion and
volunteer civilians. It lasted until November until General Heriberto
Jara's constitutionalist forces reconquered the city.

33. IV. Geopolitics

34. IV. Geopolitics

35. IV. Geopolitics

36. "LAND AND FREEDOM"
"THE LAND BELONGS TO THOSE
WHO WORK IT"
EMILIANO ZAPATA

37. SOURCES
HTTP://MXCITY.MX/2016/01/LA-DECENA-
TRAGICA-HISTORIA-UNA-GRAN-TRAICION/
HTTPS://PT.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/OCUPA%C3%A7
%C3%A3O_DE_VERACRUZ_PELOS_ESTADOS_
UNIDOS
HTTPS://PT.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/INCIDENTE_
YPIRANGA

38. Thanks for your attention!