In 1908 Hine left his teaching position at the progressive Ethical Culture School in New York to become a staff photographer for the National Child Labor Committee. The same year, he described his pictures in a reform journal as "graphic representation of conditions and methods of work, through pictures for exhibits, reports, folders, magazine and newspaper articles, and lantern slides." Over the next decade Hine made thousands of negatives-often undercover-of children working in mills, sweatshops, factories, and various street trades, such as the delivery boy pictured here. Through a steady accumulation of specific, idiosyncratic facts, the photographer hoped to reveal the larger, hidden patterns of exploitation upon which the American city was rapidly expanding. More important, his reports and slide lectures were not meant solely as tools for labor reform but as ways of triggering a more profound, empathetic response in the viewer, one that would cause him to reconsider his relationship to society.
NOTE:
There is a Number 2 as well: The Shame of Child Labour – 2 - through the lens of Lewis Wickes Hine 1908-1924
at the following URL in Slideshare:
https://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/the-shame-of-child-labour-1-through-the-lens-of-lewis-wickes-hine-19081924-77331832
Treatment for diabetes with herbs and herbal supplementsroycv
Herbs and Herbal Supplement which are powerful enough to cure diabetes and its complications. Diabetic herbs which are prevalent since the prehistoric age and mentioned in the ayruvedic texts is effective in treating the ailment. These herbs are still used by many herbalists and ayurvedic physicians as their prime ingredient in their herbal supplements.
Unlike treatment using modern medicines like the pills prescribed by doctors this type of treatment is free of any side effects moreover it will helps in treating the associated ailments that the person with diabetic mellitus has to suffer.
The herbs and the herbal supplement, diamellitone is capable to generating natural insulin in the body there by curing the ailment within a couple of months.
Hot Typography SMPS Pacific Regional ConferenceDavid Lecours
While most of us were not formally trained as graphic designers, we are increasingly asked to design professional proposals, ads, flyers, and presentations. This Society for Marketing Professional Services, Pacific Regional Conference session is for those who want to raise the heat on their graphic design skills. The molten core of great graphic design is typography. Type must look great in print and on screens. David Lecours is a professional graphic designer who taught Typography at UCLA. He share how to choose the right fonts, setting type to better create persuasive proposals, and slide design for sizzling presentation interviews.
Treatment for diabetes with herbs and herbal supplementsroycv
Herbs and Herbal Supplement which are powerful enough to cure diabetes and its complications. Diabetic herbs which are prevalent since the prehistoric age and mentioned in the ayruvedic texts is effective in treating the ailment. These herbs are still used by many herbalists and ayurvedic physicians as their prime ingredient in their herbal supplements.
Unlike treatment using modern medicines like the pills prescribed by doctors this type of treatment is free of any side effects moreover it will helps in treating the associated ailments that the person with diabetic mellitus has to suffer.
The herbs and the herbal supplement, diamellitone is capable to generating natural insulin in the body there by curing the ailment within a couple of months.
Hot Typography SMPS Pacific Regional ConferenceDavid Lecours
While most of us were not formally trained as graphic designers, we are increasingly asked to design professional proposals, ads, flyers, and presentations. This Society for Marketing Professional Services, Pacific Regional Conference session is for those who want to raise the heat on their graphic design skills. The molten core of great graphic design is typography. Type must look great in print and on screens. David Lecours is a professional graphic designer who taught Typography at UCLA. He share how to choose the right fonts, setting type to better create persuasive proposals, and slide design for sizzling presentation interviews.
The Shame of Child Labour – 2 - through the lens of Lewis Wickes Hine 1908-1924Yaryalitsa
In 1908 Hine left his teaching position at the progressive Ethical Culture School in New York to become a staff photographer for the National Child Labor Committee. The same year, he described his pictures in a reform journal as "graphic representation of conditions and methods of work, through pictures for exhibits, reports, folders, magazine and newspaper articles, and lantern slides." Over the next decade Hine made thousands of negatives-often undercover-of children working in mills, sweatshops, factories, and various street trades, such as the delivery boy pictured here. Through a steady accumulation of specific, idiosyncratic facts, the photographer hoped to reveal the larger, hidden patterns of exploitation upon which the American city was rapidly expanding. More important, his reports and slide lectures were not meant solely as tools for labor reform but as ways of triggering a more profound, empathetic response in the viewer, one that would cause him to reconsider his relationship to society.
NOTE:
There is a Number 2 as well: The Shame of Child Labour – 1 - through the lens of Lewis Wickes Hine 1908-1924
at the following URL in Slideshare:https://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/the-shame-of-child-labour-1-through-the-lens-of-lewis-wickes-hine-19081924
Daniel Macallair, Executive Director of the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice (CJCJ) is a practitioner-in-residence at San Francisco State University (SFSU)'s Department of Criminal Justice Studies. These slides are from his Intervention Policies in Juvenile Justice course materials.
The Shame of Child Labour – 2 - through the lens of Lewis Wickes Hine 1908-1924Yaryalitsa
In 1908 Hine left his teaching position at the progressive Ethical Culture School in New York to become a staff photographer for the National Child Labor Committee. The same year, he described his pictures in a reform journal as "graphic representation of conditions and methods of work, through pictures for exhibits, reports, folders, magazine and newspaper articles, and lantern slides." Over the next decade Hine made thousands of negatives-often undercover-of children working in mills, sweatshops, factories, and various street trades, such as the delivery boy pictured here. Through a steady accumulation of specific, idiosyncratic facts, the photographer hoped to reveal the larger, hidden patterns of exploitation upon which the American city was rapidly expanding. More important, his reports and slide lectures were not meant solely as tools for labor reform but as ways of triggering a more profound, empathetic response in the viewer, one that would cause him to reconsider his relationship to society.
NOTE:
There is a Number 2 as well: The Shame of Child Labour – 1 - through the lens of Lewis Wickes Hine 1908-1924
at the following URL in Slideshare:https://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/the-shame-of-child-labour-1-through-the-lens-of-lewis-wickes-hine-19081924
Daniel Macallair, Executive Director of the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice (CJCJ) is a practitioner-in-residence at San Francisco State University (SFSU)'s Department of Criminal Justice Studies. These slides are from his Intervention Policies in Juvenile Justice course materials.
Child LaborBy Alec G., Gwen B., Leo L., Madison K.B.docxchristinemaritza
Child Labor
By: Alec G., Gwen B., Leo L., Madison K.
Background
In 1900, 18 percent of all American workers were under the age of 16
9-12 year old boys working for 50-60 cents and 10 hours per day -> some conditions were not even accepted by grown men
Children were good because they were small and could get into small places
Kids could be paid less and more easily managed
In the age of Industrialization, a large labor force was required and unfortunately many young children consisted of this force. 18 percent of American workers were under at 16 during the start of the 20th century and most of these boys accepted wages and conditions that most grown men would not accept. Opposition of child labor came from companies who could exploit child labor since younger boys were small and could get around more difficult spaces and more importantly they accepted much lower pay and wouldn’t gather up to complain to adults about their condition.
Progressives
Florence Kelley persuaded the Illinois state legislature to outlaw child labor
Governor Hiram Johnson limited work days for women and children to 8 hours
Lewis Hine and Jacob Riis both photographers and reporters, published dramatic photographs that showed the conditions of child laborers across the nation and the plight of the poor in urban slums
National Child Labor Committee in addition to many state child labor committees helped expose problem through investigations by experts, photography, mass mailing to public, and lobbying
Significance and Relevance
We are currently in school and not working
Children are able to receive an education
Able to pursue their own interests
Able to lead a country because of the education we are receiving
More jobs are available
Allows innovations that leads to profit in the economy
Monument Plan
Portrays a baby in a coal mine trying to pick up a pick axe to work
Represents that a child born into a working class family was destined to work until they die
Meaning: Kids start working too early than they should
Model is made of paper and cardboard
Inscription on monument:
“If we can’t begin to agree on fundamentals, like the elimination of the most abusive forms of child labor, then we are really not ready to march into the future” - Alexis Herman
Slogan
“Let's do a favor and end child labor!”
...
SOCIAL CHANGE
NOTE: Cultural Change: refers to a particular group.
An alteration to the SOCIAL ORDER of a SOCIETY. CHANGE adopted by THE WHOLE SOCIETY.
CHANGE over time by cultural, religious, economic, scientific, technologies in: Values, Norms, Attitudes, Behaviour.
Six simple 'steps' to Social Change.
Finding the Issue;
What is the Goal?;
Planning - Phase 1;
Planning - Phase 2;
Measuring Success;
Monitor and Action.
Is it a VISION or a MISSION Statement?
Even though they are often confused with each other…
A VISION STATEMENT serves a different purpose from a MISSION STATEMENT.
A MISSION STATEMENT serves a different purpose from a VISION STATEMENT.
Education - a short run down on whether Cane Toads are a saviour or a menace. It begins with five, maybe, known facts and why they were introduced to northern Queensland. And now 85 years later do they hold Australian Species at ransom?
S.O.L.O Taxonomy (SOLO Taxonomy for Junior Students) [Structure of the Observ...Yaryalitsa
A General Look at SOLO TAXONOMY.
Overview aimed for Year 7 and 8 can be used at Year 9.
Structure of the Observed Learning Outcome
Pages are animated so required to download to see the animation.
50 +1 Strange Wonders on Earth - PowerPointYaryalitsa
51 natural wonders of the world but strange at the same time, presented in a colourful PowerPoint with a small description for each.
PowerPoint needs to be downloaded to view animation on the first and last slide.
Other PowerPoints by me at the following URL on slideshare:
Top Ten Australian Landforms
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/powerpoint-top-10-australian-landforms
Weird Landscapes – one finds on Earth
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/weird-landscapes-one-finds-on-earth
10 Natural Wonder of the World
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/10-natural-wonders-of-the-world-powerpoint
PowerPoint: Chernobyl years after the nuclear disaster – 26 April 1986 – 26 ...Yaryalitsa
“Before the Chernobyl disaster on April 26, 1986, the City of Pripyat had almost 50,000 inhabitants, many of whom worked at the Nuclear Power Plant close by. Abandoned 24 hours after the disaster, Pripyat has been left to deay ever since. In 2009, Timm Suess a Swiss photographer and industrial psychologist, spent two days photographing what was left and writing his Chernobyl Journal as an accompaniment to his images.
He states: ‘My main object of interest are places where man-made order collides with natural chaos: Abandoned factories, house military installations, hospitals, and other human structures that have been left to die.’”
NOTE:
Animation works ONLY when PowerPoint is downloaded.
Lines of Latitude and Longitude – WorksheetYaryalitsa
WORKSHEET on Lines of Latitude, Lines of Longitude, Climate Zones, Equinoxes, Solstices, The Three Norths, Prime Meridian, International Date Line, Greenwich Mean Time, Coordinated Universal Time.
WORKSHEET to work with: Lines of Latitude and Longitude – PowerPoint at:
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/lines-of-latitude-and-longitude-powerpoint
Lines of Latitude and Longitude – PowerPointYaryalitsa
PowerPoint on Lines of Latitude, Lines of Longitude, Climate Zones, Equinoxes, Solstices, The Three Norths, Prime Meridian, International Date Line, Greenwich Mean Time, Coordinated Universal Time.
Lines of Latitude and Longitude – Worksheet at:
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/lines-of-latitude-and-longitude-worksheet
A collection of 10 poems about the Holocaust.
OTHER POWERPOINTS:
HOLOCAUST ART
PowerPoint: at URL: http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/powerpoint-holocaust-art
PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Man-Made Landmarks Yaryalitsa
PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Man-Made Landmarks
PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Man-Made Landmarks
includes:
* Australian States and Territories and their Capital Cities;
* Answers: What is a 'Landform'?
* Answers: What is a 'Landmark'?
* Answers: What is a 'Landscape'?
From number 10 - Number 1 (countdown):
Broome, ANZAC Cove, Ballarat, Cape Byron Lighthouse, Parliament House, Barossa Valley, Q1, MCG (Melbourne Cricket Ground), Port Arthur, Sydney Opera House
Worksheet: PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Man-Made Landmarks at:
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/worksheet-powerpoint-top-10-australian-manmade-landmarks
Worksheet: PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Man-Made LandmarksYaryalitsa
Worksheet: PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Man-Made Landmarks
PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Man-Made Landmarks at:
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/powerpoint-top-10-australian-manmade-landmarks
* Australian States and Territories and their Capital Cities;
* Answers: What is a 'Landform'?
* Answers: What is a 'Landmark'?
* Answers: What is a 'Landscape'?
From number 10 - Number 1 (countdown):
Broome, ANZAC Cove, Ballarat, Cape Byron Lighthouse, Parliament House, Barossa Valley, Q1, MCG (Melbourne Cricket Ground), Port Arthur, Sydney Opera House
PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Landmarks
includes:
* Australian States and Territories and their Capital Cities;
* Answers: What is a 'Landform'?
* Answers: What is a 'Landmark'?
* Answers: What is a 'Landscape'?
From number 10 - Number 1 (countdown):
Ballarat, Shark Bay, Bondi Beach, MCG (Melbourne Cricket Ground), Kangaroo Island, Kakadu National Park, Port Arthur, Heart Reef, Uluru (Ayers Rock), Sydney Opera House.
Worksheet for PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Landmarks at:
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/worksheet-for-powerpoint-top-10-australian-landmarks
Worksheet for PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Landmarks Yaryalitsa
Worksheet for PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Landmarks
PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Landmarks at:
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/powerpoint-top-10-australian-landmarks
PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Landmarks
includes:
* Australian States and Territories and their Capital Cities;
* Answers: What is a 'Landform'?
* Answers: What is a 'Landmark'?
* Answers: What is a 'Landscape'?
From number 10 - Number 1 (countdown):
Ballarat, Shark Bay, Bondi Beach, MCG (Melbourne Cricket Ground), Kangaroo Island, Kakadu National Park, Port Arthur, Heart Reef, Uluru (Ayers Rock), Sydney Opera House.
PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Landforms
includes:
* Australian States and Territories and their Capital Cities;
* Answers: What is a 'Landform'?
* Answers: What is a 'Landmark'?
* Answers: What is a 'Landscape'?
From number 10 - Number 1 (countdown):
Katherine Gorge, The Twelve Apostles, Flinders Ranges, Horizontal Falls, The Three Sisters, Daintree Rainforest, Cradle Mountain, Bungle Bungle Ranges, Heart Reef, Uluru (Ayers Rock)
Worksheet for PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Landforms at:
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/worksheet-top-10-australian-landforms
Worksheet for PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Landforms
PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Landforms at:
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/powerpoint-top-10-australian-landforms
PowerPoint: Top 10 Australian Landforms
includes:
* Australian States and Territories and their Capital Cities;
* Answers: What is a 'Landform'?
* Answers: What is a 'Landmark'?
* Answers: What is a 'Landscape'?
From number 10 - Number 1 (countdown):
Katherine Gorge, The Twelve Apostles, Flinders Ranges, Horizontal Falls, The Three Sisters, Daintree Rainforest, Cradle Mountain, Bungle Bungle Ranges, Heart Reef, Uluru (Ayers Rock)
Looks at the question of:
HOW MANY BIOMES?
There is no clear answer and the powerpoint goes through the possible answers.
It concludes to five basic biomes that include ‘sub-biomes’.
You need to download PowerPoint in order to view animations.
There is a WORKSHEET that accompanies this POWERPOINT at:
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/biomes-worksheet
Biomes Worksheet
accompanies Biomes: PowerPoint at:
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/biomes-powerpoint
Looks at the question of:
HOW MANY BIOMES?
There is no clear answer and the powerpoint goes through the possible answers.
It concludes to five basic biomes that include ‘sub-biomes’.
Accompanies PowerPoint: Qualitative, Quantitative found at:
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/qualitative-quantitative-powerpoint?related=1
Distinguish between QUALITATIVE and QUANTITATIVE - data/information/evidence/research.
ANSWERS TO THE ABOVE WORKSHEET AT:
http://www.slideshare.net/yaryalitsa/worksheet-answers-qualitative-quantitative-powerpoint
Examples are given.
You need to download PowerPoint to view the animations.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Shame of Child Labour – 1 - through the lens of Lewis Wickes Hine 1908-1924
1.
2. What was a Breaker Boy?
“A Breaker Boy was a young coal mining worker whose job was to detach impurities (substances that
make something less pure) from coal. They would separate slate, rocks, and other debris from coal by
hand. These boys were usually between the ages of 8 to 12, but sometimes were as young as 5 or 6.
In 1885, Pennsylvania State law required a coal breaker to be at least 12 years old.
The Breaker Boys were forced to work without gloves so they could better handle slick materials and
for better agility. The slate they were trying to remove was very sharp, so the boys would often leave
with their fingers cut and bleeding. If they were caught wearing gloves, the boss would beat them.
Sometimes the Breaker Boys would have their fingers amputated by the fast moving belts. New
Breaker Boys would develop blood finger tips, which could be described as ‘red fingertips’. These
new workers would develop this condition because of their soft finger tips scraping over the top of
coal and rock.”
Shuck and Shuckers?
Shuck: the outer covering such as a husk, pod or shell eg oysters, corn,
Shucker: a person that removes the shuck.
What was a ‘Trapper Boy’?
Trapper Boys had to open the trap door to let the mining cars through. This job had to be done very
fast and in a minimal amount of time due to the ventilation and lack of air supply underground.
These boys were putting their lives at risk--if they did not do their job quickly enough they could have
been run over or parts of their bodies could have been mangled.
3. “All but the very smallest babies work. Begin work at 3.30am and expected to work until 5.00pm.” (Hines)
Oyster Shucking
Oyster shucking and packing houses were a common fixture on coastal towns along Virginia,
Maryland and Louisiana, and up along the Eastern Seaboard to New York and beyond. Children –
often those of poor immigrants – worked alongside their parents and newly-freed slaves. They were
often hired in favour of older workers because of their cost efficiency. They were also easier to
manage. Some children went to the factory to work both before and after school, but the
unfortunate ones were unable to get any education. In photographs, these children are often filthy,
wearing tattered clothes, and on the brink of exhaustion. Factory work was difficult business.
The oysters were often steamed and were passed on to workers to open – or ‘shuck’ – the bivalves,
thus expediting (quickening) the canning process. Children were expected to wield sharp knives and
shuck oysters from before dawn to well after dusk, with only cheap shoes between them and the
docks. According to figures, women and children were paid only $US0.60 cents to $US1.25 per day,
though the oyster industry made millions.
4. Lewis Wickes Hine was born in Oshkosh, Wisconsin, on September 26,
1874, to Douglas Hull Hine and Sarah Hayes Hine. In 1900, he enrolled
at the University of Chicago, where he studied sociology and childhood
education. A year later, he was hired as a teacher at the Ethical Culture
School in New York City, a progressive elementary school founded by
social reformer Felix Adler (Ethical Culture Movement). At the same
time, Hine continued his studies at New York University and Columbia
University. He married Sara Ann Rich in 1904.
In 1908, he took a job as an investigator and photographer for the
National Child Labour Committee, a private organization founded in
New York City in 1904. Hine traveled the country for 10 years and took
over 5,000 pictures of child labourers, and in most cases, recorded the
names and ages of the children. His work contributed immeasurably to
the growing movement to establish effective laws to limit child labour.
5. “Nattily dressed in a suit, tie, and hat,
Hine the gentleman, actor and mimic
assumed a variety of personas —
including Bible salesman, postcard
salesman, and industrial photographer
making a record of factory machinery
— to gain entrance to the workplace.
When unable to deflect (divert) his
confrontations with management, he
simply waited outside the canneries,
mines, factories, farms, and sweatshops
with his fifty pounds of photographic
equipment and photographed children
as they entered and exited the
workplace.”
Photo historian: Daile Kaplan
6. Breaker Boys – January 1911
“Smallest is Angelo Ross.”
LOCATION: Hughestown Borough Coal Co. Pittston, Pennsylvania, USA
7. “Vance, a TRAPPER BOY, 15 years old. Has trapped for several years in a coal mine.
$US0.75 a day for 10 hours work; opens and shuts this door and waits for the cars to come. Due to the
intense darkness in the mine, the writing on the door was not visible until the plate was developed.”
LOCATION: West Virginia, USA
8. “Young Cigarmakers in Englahardt & Co.. There boys looked under 14. Work was slack and youngsters
were not employed much. Labour told me in busy times many small boys and girls are employed.
Youngsters all smoke.”
LOCATION: Tampa, Florida, USA
9. Interior of tobacco shed, Hawthorn Farm.
“Girls are 8, 9 and 10 years old. The 10 year old makes 50 cents a day.
12 workers on this farm and 8 to 14 years old and about 15 are over 15 years old.”
LOCATION: Hazardville, Connecticut, USA
10. Rhodes Mfg. Co., Lincolnton, N.C. Spinner
“A moment’s glimpse of the outer world. Said she was 10 years old. Been working over a year.”
LOCATION: Lincolnton, North Carolina, USA
11. Nan de Gallant, 9 year old cartoner, Seacoast Canning Co., Factory #2
“Packs some with her mother. Mother and two sisters work in factory. One sister’s made $US7.00 in one
day. During the rush season, the women begin work at 7am, and at times work until midnight.”
LOCATION: 4 Clark St., Eastport, Maine, USA
12. “Amos is 6 and Horace 4 years old. Their father, John Neal is a renter and raises tobacco. He said (and
the owner of the land confirmed it) that both these boys work day after day from “sun-up to sun-down”
worming and suckering, and that they are as steady as grown-ups.“
LOCATION: Warren County – Albaton, Kentucky, USA
13. Step up in the world: 1908:
“A little girl needs a box to reach the machine for her job as a knitter at a factory.”
LOCATION: Loudon, Tennessee, USA
14. “Jewel and Harold Walker, six and five years old, pick 20 to 25 pounds of cotton a day.
Father said: “I promised ‘em a little wagon if they’d pick steady, and now they have half a bagful in just
a little while.” “
LOCATION: Comanche County, Oklahoma, USA
15. Hard graft (Hard work): 1916:
“Morris Levine, 11, sells papers every day - and did so since he was six years old.
He was pictured on the freezing street of Burlington, Vermont.”
LOCATION: Burlington Vermont, USA
16. Looking at pictures: 1911:
“Brown McDowell working as an usher in the Princess Theatre.
He worked 12-hour days but could barely read in Birmingham, Alabama.”
LOCATION: Birmingham, Alabama, USA
17. Set to work: 1911:
“Manuel, a young shrimp-picker, aged five and unable to speak English on the beach in Biloxi,
Mississippi.”
LOCATION: Biloxi, on the beach, Mississippi, USA
18. Capturing history: 1908:
John Howell, an Indianapolis newsboy, made $US0.75 on good days selling newspapers from 6am. The
shadow appears to be that of Lewis Hine, the photographer whose job it was to document child labour.
LOCATION: Indianapolis, USA
19. A view of the Pennsylvania Breaker: 1911:
“The dust was so dense at times as to obscure the view. This dust penetrates the utmost recess of the
boy’s lungs.”
LOCATION: South Pittston, Pennsylvania, USA
20. Shuckers in the Varn & Platt Canning Company
“This 4 year old in the foreground was helping some. Six of the shuckers were 10 years and up to 12.”
LOCATION: Yonges Island, South Carolina, USA
21. Breakers: 1911:
Noon hour in the Ewen Breaker, Pennsylvania Coal Company.
LOCATION: South Pittston, Pennsylvania, USA
22. In the USA:
The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals® (ASPCA®)
was THE FIRST HUMANE SOCIETY to be established in North America and is,
today, one of the largest in the world. It was established in 1866.
In 1904, The National Child Labour Committee was organized by socially
concerned citizens and politicians, and was chartered by Congress in 1907.
In Australia:
The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals was established in 1824;
which was 67 years before The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
Children, which was established in 1890.
23. The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children:
Child protection in the late 19th century in Australia followed a similar path to the United States and the United Kingdom.
The New South Wales Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSWSPCC) was established in 1890, the Victorian
Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (VSPCC) in 1894, and the Western Australian Children's Protection
Society in 1906 (CPSWA) (Liddell, 1993; Scott & Swain, 2002). …. these groups were responsible for investigating and
reporting child abuse and neglect, a mandate that continued well into the 20th century (Children's Protection Society,
2003; Jeffreys & Stevenson, 1996; Scott & Swain, 2002). The development of such agencies strengthened the role of the
non-government sector in carrying out early forms of child protection work (Tomison, 2001). By the end of the 19th
century most states in Australia had also established Children's Courts and developed legislation to protect children from
the more "obvious" forms of child maltreatment, such as severe physical abuse (Tomison, 2001). "Boarding out" to
approved families became a preferred option over institutional care for children abandoned or abused (Liddell, 1993).
Although the Commonwealth of Australia was established in 1901, the provision of child protection services remained a
state responsibility, which ensured that each state and territory had its own unique child protection response. The
continuation of state responsibility for child protection has meant that legislation and practice has differed somewhat
between each state and territory throughout the 20th century and today.
History of child protection services
The National Child Labour Committee:
The National Child Labor Committee (NCLC) is a private, non-profit organization founded in 1904 and incorporated by an
Act of Congress in 1907 with the mission of promoting the rights, dignity, well-being and education of children and youth
as they relate to work and working. Despite years of enlightened laws and public scrutiny, the work of NCLC's founding
visionaries is still relevant and necessary today.
The National Child Labour Committee Website
24. Ethical Culture Movement – Brief History:
“Now the daring thought that we had, in the beginning of the Ethical Movement, was to unite in one group, in one bond,
those who had this religious feeling and those who simply cared for the moral betterment…. In the broader sense religion
means zealousness and devotion to something supreme, in the special sense it means cosmic outreaching. Now I myself
have always been a religious person in the second sense, and never a mere moralist. But I founded this Society with the
express purpose and intent that it should not consist only of those who stood as I did, who had the same religious feeling
and needs, but that it should be open to all those who believed in moral betterment, because that is the point on which we
all agree. Our ethical religion has its basis in the effort to improve the world and ourselves morally.” — Felix Adler.
In 1876, Felix Adler founded the Ethical Culture Movement which proclaimed a vision of humanity united in common
concern for ethical values. Our Ethical Societies are fellowships of people who seek a clarification of the values of life and a
faith to live by. We cherish freedom of the mind and freedom of conscience. We assert the autonomy of ethics while we
tolerate a plurality of philosophies. We affirm and promote the following principles which are integral to our Ethical
Movement:
• Every person has inherent worth; each person is unique.
• It is our responsibility to improve the quality of life for ourselves and others.
• Ethics are derived from human experience.
• Life is sacred, interrelated and interdependent.
Life is a great, mysterious gift. We affirm our respect for the interdependent web of existence, of which we are all a part. It
is our commitment to the goal of a world community with peace, liberty, justice or all.”
A Brief History of the Ethical Culture Movement
25. A Brief History of the Ethical Culture Movement
Child Labor in America 1908-1912 - Photographs of Lewis W. Hine
Lewis Hine’s Photography and The End of Child Labor in the United States
Lewis Hine Project
The Work of a Breaker Boy