The shadow of 1914 falls over the pacific
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The document discusses rising tensions between China, Japan, and the US that mirror tensions prior to World War I. There are concerns that a small incident, such as a conflict over the Diaoyu Islands, could escalate due to military nationalism in China and Japan, miscommunications, and alliance commitments dragging the US into a wider war. The Shinzo Abe government in Japan includes nationalist figures more likely to confront China, while China uses nationalism to bolster its government. A regional war could have negative economic and political consequences for all countries involved.
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2) It also covers US relations with Japan deteriorating due to Japan's expansionism and ultimately leading to the Pearl Harbor attack, as well as the impact of the war on social issues like treatment of Japanese Americans and civil rights.
3) The document concludes by discussing the Manhattan Project and the US deciding to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, seen as short
Discuss economic threats to security and how the threats are being a.pdf
Discuss economic threats to security and how the threats are being addressed.
Solution
The global economy faces many threats, but security, or geopolitical risk, is perhaps the most
profound; it was a world war, after all, that ended the first great era of globalisation in
1914.Globalisation seems to provoke a reaction because of the changes it thrusts on to the social
and economic order. The helplessness recalls the 1930s when the League of Nations, the great
hope for security co-operation in the aftermath of the first world war, proved ineffectual in the
face of Japanese, German and Italian aggression. Sanctions were imposed after Italy’s invasion
of Abyssinia, but in a half-hearted and ineffective manner. Economics plays a part in creating
these problems, of course. In the 1930s, both Germany and Japan were keen to expand their
frontiers to gain access to resources. The war made nations realise their economies were now
dependent on oil and that dragged the Middle East, with its religious disputes, to the forefront of
global affairs. Conflicts were manageable during the cold war perhaps because neither Korea nor
Vietnam really represented a vital economic interest to America or the Soviet Union. Indeed,
both the USSR and China were largely cut off from Western economies. Now that both countries
are part of the globalised economy, the potential for clashes has increased; hence the focus on
trade at the Sino-American talks scheduled to begin on April 6th.
The World Economic Forum (WEF) issued a list of the biggest perceived threats to world
stability. For the first time, economic inequality had dropped out of the top five biggest risks.
The list, put together by WEF experts, was headed by war and unrest between states, followed by
extreme weather events, the failure of national governments and state collapse, and high
unemployment.
The threads are being addressed as:
1. Energy and Environmental Security
2. Conflict and Poverty
3. Competing in a New Era of Globalization
4. Global Imbalances
5. Rise of New Powers
6. Economic Exclusion in the Middle East
7. Global Corporations, Global Impact
8. Global Health Crises
9. Global Governance Stalemate
10. Global Poverty.
How Was Modernized Japan
The document discusses Japan's modernization in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It describes how Japan had isolated itself for years, falling behind other nations industrially. However, after opening up to Western influence, Japan was inspired to modernize in order to become a strong, powerful nation like the Western powers. The US and European nations played a key role in motivating Japan's industrialization and military buildup. Japan looked to the Western examples and adapted Western ideas and technologies to develop its own empire and industry. The document asserts that Western influence, especially from the US, was instrumental in launching Japan's modernization process.
Echonomix_03_September 2020
The document provides an overview of the September 2020 issue of the magazine Echonomix. It includes articles on international relations between various countries like Japan, Lebanon, Norway, and Pakistan. There is also an article discussing Indo-China relations and the role of stable international relations in contemporary society. The document lists the titles and authors of the articles in the issue and provides a brief description of the purpose and focus of Echonomix magazine.
Outbreak of WWII in Asia-Pacific
The slides are a bit bare for now, but this is the very quick summary of the important events and developments in Chapter 6. We learnt about Japan's history and how it affected its rise to global power. We saw how the crises in Japan as well as external forces led Japan into conflict with the nations around it, eventually culminating in WWII in Asia.
International opinion on the South China Sea Issue part II
This document discusses international opinion on disputes between China and its neighbors in the South China Sea. It argues that defending US allies Japan and the Philippines from Chinese aggression would not constitute entrapment for two reasons. First, the disputes involve China trying to alter the status quo through intimidation and coercion in critical trade routes and strategic waters. Second, the US' policy of strategic ambiguity has not been effective in preserving stability, as China continues rejecting international law and multilateral negotiations. Clear security commitments from the US are needed to uphold international law and freedom of navigation, and to reassure allies like Japan that are critical to US interests in the region.
The South China Sea: Disputes, Risks and Diplomacy
Why is there maritime tension between China and its southeast Asian neighbours, and where is it heading? Lord Michael Williams and Christian Le Mière of International Institute for Strategic Studies discuss at Chatham House on 23 October 2012.
Chapter 21 world war 1 notes (revised December 2013)
Woodrow Wilson intended to keep America out of foreign affairs, but several factors pulled the US into World War 1. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand led to escalating tensions between European alliances. America entered the war in 1917 after German U-boats sank American ships. On the Western Front, brutal trench warfare led to massive casualties with no clear gains. The US helped turn the tide by joining the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in 1918, leading to Germany's defeat. Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points aimed to establish a lasting peace, but the resulting Treaty of Versailles was harsh on Germany, sowing seeds for future conflict.
Book review: US policy toward China: written by Robbert G. Sutter
The document summarizes a book about U.S. policy toward China from 1989-1998. It describes the major incidents that strained relations during this period, including the Tiananmen Square protests, Taiwan crises, and annual debates around renewing China's Most Favored Nation trading status. It also outlines three approaches taken by different groups in the U.S. toward its China policy following the Cold War: engagement, taking a tougher stance, and pushing for political change in China first. Domestic interest groups grew more influential on policy during this time period as consensus declined.
Robert kaplan on China Sea
- China views dominance over the South China Sea as strategically important for gaining access to the wider Pacific and Indian Ocean, allowing it to influence global trade routes and project power.
- If China gains control over the South China Sea, it could "Finlandize" countries like Vietnam and the Philippines by constraining their foreign policies to be more favorable to China's interests through economic and military pressure.
- The US faces the challenge of enforcing costs on China to prevent aggression in the South China Sea, while avoiding a direct military conflict that could damage the important US-China relationship.
Topic 4 the consequences of the korean war
Berkongsi ketika hari lahir... Bab 4 ini menceritakan tentang kesan-kesan perang Korea kepada negara-negara terbabit; China, Jepun, AS, Kesatuan Soviet, dan Korea Utara serta Korea Selatan itu sendiri.. Perlu ditegaskan bahawa perang Korea juga adalah batu loncatan kepada Perang Vietnam - yang akan dibincangkan mulai topik 5. Semoga perkongsian ini bermanfaat!
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The shadow of 1914 falls over the pacific
- 1. { The shadow of 1914 falls over the Pacific China, like Germany 100 years ago, fears the established power is intent on blocking its ascent M13602 Li Yan
- 2. The rising tension among China, Japan and the US is similar to situation before WWI The most obvious potential spark：Diaoyu Island Miscommunications and accidents → regional war Small incident could invoke alliance commitments → wider war. Shinzo Abe government： new Japanese cabinet is full of hardline nationalists → more inclined to confront China China government：used nationalism to bolster the legitimacy of the Communist party US-Japan security treaty： another potential factor to trigger the war Quick summary
- 3. 1. Military and nationalist in both China and Japan 2. War or other solutions are necessary to settle territorial crisis 3. Potential change of Japan’s constitute 4. War is probabilistic certainty, small sparks may lead to war 5. The US-Japan Treaty may encourage Japan 6. Territorial dispute is different from other issue How is WWIII possible?
- 4. Losing export to US/Japan/EU Decelerate China's modernization If the government show its weakness dealing with Diaoyu island→other countries may follow japan Population's anger Damage the image of China nation Distrust between China and other nations China Yuen will be cheaper, capital flows out of China because of unstable situation Consequences-China
- 5. Economic consequences Abe’s government gets excuse for changing post-war constitution; “ protect territorial sovereignty”; Re-arm Japan Distract Japanese’s attention to long-lasting economic regression Keep Japan’s influnce and power in east Asia Japan
- 6. It is a crisis between and among the Japan, China, and— because of the U.S.-Japan security alliance—the US “Create” problems to spread its influence (military and political Distract the global attention from its economic woes Promote huge arms sales Return to Asia, enhance rebalance of Asia Keep USD as transaction currency, attract capital and boost manufacture in America The US
- 7. Avoid being nationalist, especially not use nationalist as political tool Prevent it escalating into a potentially hostile conflict / war Freeze the issue, focusing on restoring a relationship, rebuilding trust. Secretly negotiation Offer a plan that extends fishing rights ; Open talks on joint development of hydrocarbon deposits in the East China Sea. Japan: learn from Germany, correct attitude towards historical issue Solutions and limitations