The document provides an overview of the September 2020 issue of the magazine Echonomix. It includes articles on international relations between various countries like Japan, Lebanon, Norway, and Pakistan. There is also an article discussing Indo-China relations and the role of stable international relations in contemporary society. The document lists the titles and authors of the articles in the issue and provides a brief description of the purpose and focus of Echonomix magazine.
This document provides an introduction and historical overview of Japan's economic rise following World War 2. It discusses how Japan rebuilt its economy under US occupation and guidance, adopting a peaceful foreign policy. It then summarizes how Japan experienced a post-war economic miracle through high growth rates, becoming the world's 2nd largest economy by prioritizing exports and industrialization. The role of the Japanese state in guiding private enterprises through a mixture of planning and control is also examined.
1. William Henry Seward, an American politician in the 19th century, correctly predicted that the Pacific Ocean would become increasingly important globally due to rising trade and commerce between countries like the US and China.
2. Seward played a key role in expanding American influence and territory in the Pacific, including securing Alaska and Hawaii for the US. He also advocated for infrastructure like the transcontinental railroad to better connect the US to the Pacific coast.
3. In recent decades, Seward's vision of increased importance of the Pacific has come to pass, with the US and China emerging as the two dominant powers in the region due to their large and growing economies and trade relationships. Both countries are asserting their influence through diplomatic
1) The document discusses security issues in Southeast Asia, including internal instability from armed insurrections, international crime, and border disputes between countries in the region and China.
2) It provides background on ASEAN, a regional organization founded in 1967 to promote cooperation and integration between Southeast Asian countries.
3) It analyzes ASEAN's role and challenges in the current geopolitical context, as Asian powers like China rise and the world becomes more multipolar, presenting both opportunities and threats to stability in Southeast Asia.
Foreign Direct Investments in India provides an overview of foreign direct investment and the global and Indian economies. It discusses how globalization has increased international trade and cultural exchange. India liberalized its economy in the 1990s, reducing tariffs and opening sectors to foreign investment. This increased foreign direct investment in India and accelerated economic growth. However, India still lags countries like China in terms of integration and participation in global trade.
The Role of the United States in the Turkish Coup of 1960Sean Ryan
This paper examines the role of the US in the 1960 Turkish coup. It argues that US economic aid to Turkey in the 1950s, intended to stabilize the country and develop its economy, instead empowered corrupt Prime Minister Adnan Menderes. Menderes used the aid to consolidate political power rather than economic development, weakening Turkey's democracy and economy. By 1960, unrest led to a military coup removing Menderes. The paper aims to analyze primary sources on US-Turkish relations and the coup to better understand US influence on foreign regimes through economic aid.
1312 18 1968, Liberalization, and the End of the Cold WarDrew Burks
The document provides an overview of major global events from 1968 to the 1990s. It discusses the liberalization and end of the Cold War as well as student protests and civil rights movements in the Americas and Europe in 1968. It also summarizes developments related to oil prices and OPEC in the 1960s-1990s that impacted the global economy. Regional summaries are then provided on the Middle East, Latin America, South Africa, and Asia during this period.
The evolution of Indo-Japan economic relations: The economic ties between India and Japan evolved
in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. During that period Japan’s textile industry rapidly expanded which
is largely dependent on outside raw materials. India attracted attention as a reliable source of raw cotton supply.
In the closing years of the nineteenth centaury. Japanese special trade team came to India to examine the
possibility of purchasing Indian cotton and endorsed the proposal for a regular cotton trade with India. The first
shipment sent to Japan in 1889-90 by the House of Tata, consisted of 32 bales.1
Japan's economy has slowed with a 4.6% drop in the Nikkei and shrinking GDP for two consecutive quarters. As the second largest economy, a recession in Japan could significantly impact the global economy. However, others argue that even a severe Japanese recession may have limited effects because Japan only accounts for 13% of global GDP. Japan benefited from close ties to the US during the Cold War, but now faces economic problems as exports, especially of cars, electronics, and computers, have declined. International trade, particularly with countries like the US, Taiwan, and South Korea, remains important for Japan's economy.
This document provides an introduction and historical overview of Japan's economic rise following World War 2. It discusses how Japan rebuilt its economy under US occupation and guidance, adopting a peaceful foreign policy. It then summarizes how Japan experienced a post-war economic miracle through high growth rates, becoming the world's 2nd largest economy by prioritizing exports and industrialization. The role of the Japanese state in guiding private enterprises through a mixture of planning and control is also examined.
1. William Henry Seward, an American politician in the 19th century, correctly predicted that the Pacific Ocean would become increasingly important globally due to rising trade and commerce between countries like the US and China.
2. Seward played a key role in expanding American influence and territory in the Pacific, including securing Alaska and Hawaii for the US. He also advocated for infrastructure like the transcontinental railroad to better connect the US to the Pacific coast.
3. In recent decades, Seward's vision of increased importance of the Pacific has come to pass, with the US and China emerging as the two dominant powers in the region due to their large and growing economies and trade relationships. Both countries are asserting their influence through diplomatic
1) The document discusses security issues in Southeast Asia, including internal instability from armed insurrections, international crime, and border disputes between countries in the region and China.
2) It provides background on ASEAN, a regional organization founded in 1967 to promote cooperation and integration between Southeast Asian countries.
3) It analyzes ASEAN's role and challenges in the current geopolitical context, as Asian powers like China rise and the world becomes more multipolar, presenting both opportunities and threats to stability in Southeast Asia.
Foreign Direct Investments in India provides an overview of foreign direct investment and the global and Indian economies. It discusses how globalization has increased international trade and cultural exchange. India liberalized its economy in the 1990s, reducing tariffs and opening sectors to foreign investment. This increased foreign direct investment in India and accelerated economic growth. However, India still lags countries like China in terms of integration and participation in global trade.
The Role of the United States in the Turkish Coup of 1960Sean Ryan
This paper examines the role of the US in the 1960 Turkish coup. It argues that US economic aid to Turkey in the 1950s, intended to stabilize the country and develop its economy, instead empowered corrupt Prime Minister Adnan Menderes. Menderes used the aid to consolidate political power rather than economic development, weakening Turkey's democracy and economy. By 1960, unrest led to a military coup removing Menderes. The paper aims to analyze primary sources on US-Turkish relations and the coup to better understand US influence on foreign regimes through economic aid.
1312 18 1968, Liberalization, and the End of the Cold WarDrew Burks
The document provides an overview of major global events from 1968 to the 1990s. It discusses the liberalization and end of the Cold War as well as student protests and civil rights movements in the Americas and Europe in 1968. It also summarizes developments related to oil prices and OPEC in the 1960s-1990s that impacted the global economy. Regional summaries are then provided on the Middle East, Latin America, South Africa, and Asia during this period.
The evolution of Indo-Japan economic relations: The economic ties between India and Japan evolved
in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. During that period Japan’s textile industry rapidly expanded which
is largely dependent on outside raw materials. India attracted attention as a reliable source of raw cotton supply.
In the closing years of the nineteenth centaury. Japanese special trade team came to India to examine the
possibility of purchasing Indian cotton and endorsed the proposal for a regular cotton trade with India. The first
shipment sent to Japan in 1889-90 by the House of Tata, consisted of 32 bales.1
Japan's economy has slowed with a 4.6% drop in the Nikkei and shrinking GDP for two consecutive quarters. As the second largest economy, a recession in Japan could significantly impact the global economy. However, others argue that even a severe Japanese recession may have limited effects because Japan only accounts for 13% of global GDP. Japan benefited from close ties to the US during the Cold War, but now faces economic problems as exports, especially of cars, electronics, and computers, have declined. International trade, particularly with countries like the US, Taiwan, and South Korea, remains important for Japan's economy.
The document provides background information on the economic factors that led to the Great Depression in the United States. It describes how strong economic growth in the 1920s masked underlying weaknesses like uneven wealth distribution. The stock market crash of 1929 exposed these flaws and triggered a widespread economic crisis. As consumer spending declined, businesses collapsed and unemployment rose sharply, plunging the US into the Great Depression, a time of immense hardship for many Americans.
This document summarizes a paper that investigates factors influencing the U.S. dollar's status as the world's primary reserve currency and whether that status may change. It discusses how the U.S. dollar became the dominant global reserve currency following World War II due to America's unmatched economic power. However, over decades global economic growth has increasingly come from foreign economies rather than the U.S. The paper will explore challenges to the dollar from the euro, yuan, and other currencies, and whether a multi-reserve currency system may emerge.
- North and South Korea evolved into distinctly different countries after their shared history, with North Korea committing to self-reliance, nationalism, and central planning under a repressive government, while South Korea transformed into an economic powerhouse through opening up to trade and foreign investment.
- Both countries struggled after the Korean War and division, but South Korea was able to successfully modify its systems to achieve economic growth through embracing market reforms and international trade, while North Korea developed its isolationist Juche ideology.
The document discusses leadership changes in China and the US and the challenges in the relationship between the two countries. It summarizes Xi Jinping's diplomatic visit to the US in February as he prepared to take over leadership in China. While there are disagreements, both countries recognize their economic interdependence and the importance of cooperation. The leadership transitions in both countries will shape how China-US relations are redefined during a time of global challenges.
1. Japan has a long history dating back to migratory peoples arriving from the Asian mainland over land bridges, which were later submerged.
2. During World War II, the United States conducted atomic bombings on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.
3. Japanese culture places great importance on harmony and respect for elders in society and emphasizes group identity over individualism. Traditional influences have interacted with outside influences over time.
The document discusses the changing nature of global superpowers over time. It explores how the United Kingdom maintained superpower status through colonialism and imperialism during the British Empire. It then analyzes the bi-polar world of the USA and USSR during the Cold War, where they used ideology and political/economic alliances to gain influence. The document also examines how the USA rose to superpower status in the 20th century and maintained it through factors like economic and military power. It analyzes some challenges to US dominance from growing powers and discusses neo-colonialism's role in perpetuating the peripheral status of countries like Ghana.
This document provides an overview and outline of topics to be covered in a unit on late 19th and early 20th century American history, including the Spanish-American War and the Progressive Era. Students will complete short-answer responses and a DBQ, think about an upcoming project, and have occasional quizzes. The unit will examine the trials of Americans during this time period through topics like the Spanish-American War, US expansionism, the Progressive movement addressing labor issues and women's rights, and Progressive presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.
The document discusses US-China foreign policy relations and decision making processes. It examines the relationship between the two countries across several issues including security, currency exchange, financial matters, and human rights. It also analyzes cultural differences between China and the US that influence their relationship, as well as political ideologies like neoconservatism that shape US foreign policy approaches toward China. Containment versus engagement strategies for China's rise are also debated. Overall, the relationship remains complex due to differing political systems between the US and China.
- China views dominance over the South China Sea as strategically important for gaining access to the wider Pacific and Indian Ocean, allowing it to influence global trade routes and project power.
- If China gains control over the South China Sea, it could "Finlandize" countries like Vietnam and the Philippines by constraining their foreign policies to be more favorable to China's interests through economic and military pressure.
- The US faces the challenge of enforcing costs on China to prevent aggression in the South China Sea, while avoiding a direct military conflict that could damage the important US-China relationship.
The United States is located in North America, bordered by Canada and Mexico. It has 50 states and Washington D.C. as its capital. The US has a population of over 300 million people and its currency is the US Dollar. Some of the national symbols of the US include the bald eagle, the Statue of Liberty, and the White House. The US has a diverse population composed of people from various ethnic and racial backgrounds.
The document discusses changing global superpowers over time. From 1800-1918, the British Empire was the dominant global superpower, controlling 25% of the world's land area at its peak. From 1918-1945 power transitioned between countries as the US and USSR rose. From 1945-1990 it was a bi-polar world dominated by the US and USSR during the Cold War period. Since 1990, the US has been the sole superpower but others like the EU and China are increasingly powerful. The future is predicted to be multi-polar with multiple regional powers.
hi guys this presentation helps you to focus on the topic.
you get every topic in this presentation.
it looks great and more attractive.
so please guys like and share with your friends
This is an article that I wrote almost twenty years, possibly in 2001 or 2002. I submitted it for online publication on the Web site Sonshi.com, dedicated to Sun Tzu’s classical text on military strategy and tactics The Art of War. The Sonshi link is: https://www.sonshi.com/red-star-over-asia.html. The article deals with possible future prospects for the contemporary People’s Republic of China. I decided to bring it “out of the vaults” and repost it on SlideShare to document evolution of writing, research, and analytical abilities.
Stephen Cheng
July 28, 2019
The document discusses the key events and objectives of the post-war occupation of Japan by the United States. It outlines four main objectives: 1) crippling Japan's military, 2) forcing Japan to pay war reparations, 3) establishing a peaceful and responsible government, and 4) re-establishing Japan's economy so it could become self-sufficient. It also discusses how the occupation demilitarized and democratized Japan by removing militaristic leaders from government and establishing a new constitution that limited the emperor's power and established democratic principles. Ultimately, the occupation successfully rebuilt and reformed Japan's government and economy, transforming it into a key U.S. ally.
Japan is an island nation with a population of over 126 million. It has a constitutional monarchy form of government and a bicameral legislature called the Diet. The economy is highly developed and relies on manufacturing, particularly automobiles and electronics. Japan maintains strong diplomatic relations with European nations and is a member of international organizations like the UN and G8.
The document provides information about several Asian countries and events from World War II and the Cold War era. It discusses Japan's role in WWII and its subsequent occupation by the US. It also summarizes the division of Korea after WWII, the Korean War that began when North Korea invaded South Korea, and the establishment of North and South Korea along the Demilitarized Zone. Additionally, it mentions Vietnam's first communist leader Ho Chi Minh and covers the Vietnam War between North Vietnam and South Vietnam backed by the US.
The document discusses the relationship between wars and economic recessions/growth throughout history. It notes that World War II ended the Great Depression by boosting government spending and industrial production. Similarly, the Vietnam War initially stimulated the economy in the 1960s but then contributed to stagflation in the 1970s. The Gulf War profited the US as higher oil prices from the conflict exceeded military expenditures. The 9/11 attacks may have accelerated US recovery from recession by enabling fiscal stimulus and patriotic spending increases. However, the Iraq War has been very costly with over $1.7 trillion spent and no WMDs found, negatively impacting the economy through higher debt and oil prices.
The document discusses Japan's modernization in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It describes how Japan had isolated itself for years, falling behind other nations industrially. However, after opening up to Western influence, Japan was inspired to modernize in order to become a strong, powerful nation like the Western powers. The US and European nations played a key role in motivating Japan's industrialization and military buildup. Japan looked to the Western examples and adapted Western ideas and technologies to develop its own empire and industry. The document asserts that Western influence, especially from the US, was instrumental in launching Japan's modernization process.
Japan has a rich history dating back thousands of years, with distinct periods that saw imperial rule and the introduction of Buddhism. Key historical events include Japan establishing its first capital in Nara during the Nara Period and moving it to Kyoto in the Heian Period. Later periods saw imperial rule overthrown by military families and a period of warring states. Japan's culture was also influenced by China until indigenous styles emerged. Notable places of natural beauty and historical significance include Mt. Fuji, Nachi Falls, and Aogashima volcanic island. Japan has a well-developed education system and distinct cultural traditions like dragon parades and paper lanterns symbolizing passed family members. Cuisine features noodles, spring
The document discusses Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. It provides context that Japan was angered by U.S. sanctions and believed the U.S. would interfere with its imperial ambitions. The attack on Pearl Harbor shocked the U.S. and brought them into World War II as allies with Europe. The bombing of Pearl Harbor marked a turning point that changed the trajectory of World War II and led to U.S. involvement in helping the Allied forces.
The document provides background information on the economic factors that led to the Great Depression in the United States. It describes how strong economic growth in the 1920s masked underlying weaknesses like uneven wealth distribution. The stock market crash of 1929 exposed these flaws and triggered a widespread economic crisis. As consumer spending declined, businesses collapsed and unemployment rose sharply, plunging the US into the Great Depression, a time of immense hardship for many Americans.
This document summarizes a paper that investigates factors influencing the U.S. dollar's status as the world's primary reserve currency and whether that status may change. It discusses how the U.S. dollar became the dominant global reserve currency following World War II due to America's unmatched economic power. However, over decades global economic growth has increasingly come from foreign economies rather than the U.S. The paper will explore challenges to the dollar from the euro, yuan, and other currencies, and whether a multi-reserve currency system may emerge.
- North and South Korea evolved into distinctly different countries after their shared history, with North Korea committing to self-reliance, nationalism, and central planning under a repressive government, while South Korea transformed into an economic powerhouse through opening up to trade and foreign investment.
- Both countries struggled after the Korean War and division, but South Korea was able to successfully modify its systems to achieve economic growth through embracing market reforms and international trade, while North Korea developed its isolationist Juche ideology.
The document discusses leadership changes in China and the US and the challenges in the relationship between the two countries. It summarizes Xi Jinping's diplomatic visit to the US in February as he prepared to take over leadership in China. While there are disagreements, both countries recognize their economic interdependence and the importance of cooperation. The leadership transitions in both countries will shape how China-US relations are redefined during a time of global challenges.
1. Japan has a long history dating back to migratory peoples arriving from the Asian mainland over land bridges, which were later submerged.
2. During World War II, the United States conducted atomic bombings on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.
3. Japanese culture places great importance on harmony and respect for elders in society and emphasizes group identity over individualism. Traditional influences have interacted with outside influences over time.
The document discusses the changing nature of global superpowers over time. It explores how the United Kingdom maintained superpower status through colonialism and imperialism during the British Empire. It then analyzes the bi-polar world of the USA and USSR during the Cold War, where they used ideology and political/economic alliances to gain influence. The document also examines how the USA rose to superpower status in the 20th century and maintained it through factors like economic and military power. It analyzes some challenges to US dominance from growing powers and discusses neo-colonialism's role in perpetuating the peripheral status of countries like Ghana.
This document provides an overview and outline of topics to be covered in a unit on late 19th and early 20th century American history, including the Spanish-American War and the Progressive Era. Students will complete short-answer responses and a DBQ, think about an upcoming project, and have occasional quizzes. The unit will examine the trials of Americans during this time period through topics like the Spanish-American War, US expansionism, the Progressive movement addressing labor issues and women's rights, and Progressive presidents Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson.
The document discusses US-China foreign policy relations and decision making processes. It examines the relationship between the two countries across several issues including security, currency exchange, financial matters, and human rights. It also analyzes cultural differences between China and the US that influence their relationship, as well as political ideologies like neoconservatism that shape US foreign policy approaches toward China. Containment versus engagement strategies for China's rise are also debated. Overall, the relationship remains complex due to differing political systems between the US and China.
- China views dominance over the South China Sea as strategically important for gaining access to the wider Pacific and Indian Ocean, allowing it to influence global trade routes and project power.
- If China gains control over the South China Sea, it could "Finlandize" countries like Vietnam and the Philippines by constraining their foreign policies to be more favorable to China's interests through economic and military pressure.
- The US faces the challenge of enforcing costs on China to prevent aggression in the South China Sea, while avoiding a direct military conflict that could damage the important US-China relationship.
The United States is located in North America, bordered by Canada and Mexico. It has 50 states and Washington D.C. as its capital. The US has a population of over 300 million people and its currency is the US Dollar. Some of the national symbols of the US include the bald eagle, the Statue of Liberty, and the White House. The US has a diverse population composed of people from various ethnic and racial backgrounds.
The document discusses changing global superpowers over time. From 1800-1918, the British Empire was the dominant global superpower, controlling 25% of the world's land area at its peak. From 1918-1945 power transitioned between countries as the US and USSR rose. From 1945-1990 it was a bi-polar world dominated by the US and USSR during the Cold War period. Since 1990, the US has been the sole superpower but others like the EU and China are increasingly powerful. The future is predicted to be multi-polar with multiple regional powers.
hi guys this presentation helps you to focus on the topic.
you get every topic in this presentation.
it looks great and more attractive.
so please guys like and share with your friends
This is an article that I wrote almost twenty years, possibly in 2001 or 2002. I submitted it for online publication on the Web site Sonshi.com, dedicated to Sun Tzu’s classical text on military strategy and tactics The Art of War. The Sonshi link is: https://www.sonshi.com/red-star-over-asia.html. The article deals with possible future prospects for the contemporary People’s Republic of China. I decided to bring it “out of the vaults” and repost it on SlideShare to document evolution of writing, research, and analytical abilities.
Stephen Cheng
July 28, 2019
The document discusses the key events and objectives of the post-war occupation of Japan by the United States. It outlines four main objectives: 1) crippling Japan's military, 2) forcing Japan to pay war reparations, 3) establishing a peaceful and responsible government, and 4) re-establishing Japan's economy so it could become self-sufficient. It also discusses how the occupation demilitarized and democratized Japan by removing militaristic leaders from government and establishing a new constitution that limited the emperor's power and established democratic principles. Ultimately, the occupation successfully rebuilt and reformed Japan's government and economy, transforming it into a key U.S. ally.
Japan is an island nation with a population of over 126 million. It has a constitutional monarchy form of government and a bicameral legislature called the Diet. The economy is highly developed and relies on manufacturing, particularly automobiles and electronics. Japan maintains strong diplomatic relations with European nations and is a member of international organizations like the UN and G8.
The document provides information about several Asian countries and events from World War II and the Cold War era. It discusses Japan's role in WWII and its subsequent occupation by the US. It also summarizes the division of Korea after WWII, the Korean War that began when North Korea invaded South Korea, and the establishment of North and South Korea along the Demilitarized Zone. Additionally, it mentions Vietnam's first communist leader Ho Chi Minh and covers the Vietnam War between North Vietnam and South Vietnam backed by the US.
The document discusses the relationship between wars and economic recessions/growth throughout history. It notes that World War II ended the Great Depression by boosting government spending and industrial production. Similarly, the Vietnam War initially stimulated the economy in the 1960s but then contributed to stagflation in the 1970s. The Gulf War profited the US as higher oil prices from the conflict exceeded military expenditures. The 9/11 attacks may have accelerated US recovery from recession by enabling fiscal stimulus and patriotic spending increases. However, the Iraq War has been very costly with over $1.7 trillion spent and no WMDs found, negatively impacting the economy through higher debt and oil prices.
The document discusses Japan's modernization in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It describes how Japan had isolated itself for years, falling behind other nations industrially. However, after opening up to Western influence, Japan was inspired to modernize in order to become a strong, powerful nation like the Western powers. The US and European nations played a key role in motivating Japan's industrialization and military buildup. Japan looked to the Western examples and adapted Western ideas and technologies to develop its own empire and industry. The document asserts that Western influence, especially from the US, was instrumental in launching Japan's modernization process.
Japan has a rich history dating back thousands of years, with distinct periods that saw imperial rule and the introduction of Buddhism. Key historical events include Japan establishing its first capital in Nara during the Nara Period and moving it to Kyoto in the Heian Period. Later periods saw imperial rule overthrown by military families and a period of warring states. Japan's culture was also influenced by China until indigenous styles emerged. Notable places of natural beauty and historical significance include Mt. Fuji, Nachi Falls, and Aogashima volcanic island. Japan has a well-developed education system and distinct cultural traditions like dragon parades and paper lanterns symbolizing passed family members. Cuisine features noodles, spring
The document discusses Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941. It provides context that Japan was angered by U.S. sanctions and believed the U.S. would interfere with its imperial ambitions. The attack on Pearl Harbor shocked the U.S. and brought them into World War II as allies with Europe. The bombing of Pearl Harbor marked a turning point that changed the trajectory of World War II and led to U.S. involvement in helping the Allied forces.
This document provides background information on Japan's history, politics, and economy. It discusses Japan's early isolationist policies and influence from Chinese culture. It describes the imperial system and periods of military rule by shoguns. In the modern era, it covers Japan's industrialization, World War II defeat and occupation, and post-war economic recovery. It also summarizes Japan's political system as a parliamentary democracy, and outlines opportunities and challenges for doing business in Japan's large market.
The Impact Of Japanese Great Recession On Foreign...Miles Priar
The Liberal Democratic Party dominated Japanese politics from 1955 to 1993, maintaining control of the government despite Japan's parliamentary democracy system. Key to the LDP's long rule was its strong leadership that closely resembled a single-party dictatorship. However, unlike authoritarian regimes, all of Japan's lawmakers were democratically elected. The LDP's dominance of parliament allowed it to control the government for 38 years through its leadership structure.
1. Many Asian countries are living under the burden of history as they have yet to establish strong bilateral or multilateral forums to manage relations. This is holding the region back from realizing its full economic potential.
2. Rising tensions between China and Japan over territorial disputes threaten to undermine stability in East Asia. Both countries are strengthening military ties with the US which escalates distrust between them.
3. The report warns that South Asia faces major internal and external shocks in the coming years that could trigger broader regional instability, and even potential nuclear conflict between India and Pakistan cannot be ruled out. Weak governance across the region exacerbates these risks.
The document discusses Japan's entry into World War II from the perspective of autonomy and responsibility. It examines how Japan saw its imperialist actions as asserting national autonomy, while the United States saw them as irresponsible violations of treaties and other countries' self-rule. The foundation of Japanese imperialism began with the Meiji Restoration in the 1870s, which revived nationalism and emperor worship in Japan and set the stage for Japan's military expansionism in the early 20th century.
In a tight labour market, job-seekers gain bargaining power and leverage it into greater job quality—at least, that’s the conventional wisdom.
Michael, LMIC Economist, presented findings that reveal a weakened relationship between labour market tightness and job quality indicators following the pandemic. Labour market tightness coincided with growth in real wages for only a portion of workers: those in low-wage jobs requiring little education. Several factors—including labour market composition, worker and employer behaviour, and labour market practices—have contributed to the absence of worker benefits. These will be investigated further in future work.
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
Dr. Alyce Su Cover Story - China's Investment Leadermsthrill
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck mari...Donc Test
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck maria r mitchell.docx
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck maria r mitchell.docx
TEST BANK Principles of cost accounting 17th edition edward j vanderbeck maria r mitchell.docx
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.
South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcriptynfqplhm
办理美国SDSU毕业证书制作南达科他州立大学假文凭定制Q微168899991做SDSU留信网教留服认证海牙认证改SDSU成绩单GPA做SDSU假学位证假文凭高仿毕业证GRE代考如何申请南达科他州立大学South Dakota State University degree offer diploma Transcript
Fabular Frames and the Four Ratio ProblemMajid Iqbal
Digital, interactive art showing the struggle of a society in providing for its present population while also saving planetary resources for future generations. Spread across several frames, the art is actually the rendering of real and speculative data. The stereographic projections change shape in response to prompts and provocations. Visitors interact with the model through speculative statements about how to increase savings across communities, regions, ecosystems and environments. Their fabulations combined with random noise, i.e. factors beyond control, have a dramatic effect on the societal transition. Things get better. Things get worse. The aim is to give visitors a new grasp and feel of the ongoing struggles in democracies around the world.
Stunning art in the small multiples format brings out the spatiotemporal nature of societal transitions, against backdrop issues such as energy, housing, waste, farmland and forest. In each frame we see hopeful and frightful interplays between spending and saving. Problems emerge when one of the two parts of the existential anaglyph rapidly shrinks like Arctic ice, as factors cross thresholds. Ecological wealth and intergenerational equity areFour at stake. Not enough spending could mean economic stress, social unrest and political conflict. Not enough saving and there will be climate breakdown and ‘bankruptcy’. So where does speculative design start and the gambling and betting end? Behind each fabular frame is a four ratio problem. Each ratio reflects the level of sacrifice and self-restraint a society is willing to accept, against promises of prosperity and freedom. Some values seem to stabilise a frame while others cause collapse. Get the ratios right and we can have it all. Get them wrong and things get more desperate.
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
Machine Learning in Business - A power point presentation.pptx
Echonomix_03_September 2020
1. ECHONOMIX
ISSUE 03/ SEPTEMBER 2020
INSIDE THIS ISSUE
RELATIONS: NEWS ON THE GLOBAL FRONT ENCOMPASSING JAPAN, LEBANON, NORWAY, AND
PAKISTAN ; PERVASION, PROTECTION, AND PAYBACK: A COMPREHENSIVE DISCUSSION OF THE
INDO-CHINA RELATIONS, FOCUS ON: THE PART STABLE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS PLAY IN
CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY
2. ABOUT US
03
all the whats, whys, hows and
whens of our journey
POLES OF THE SAME
MAGNET
05, 06
war and peace as understood by
Komal and Pranav Gupta
A PAIR OF KHUSSA
JUTTIS
11, 12, 13
the understated contribution of
Pakistani immigrants to the
Norwegian economy by Ishita Pal
RELATIONS
04
...a penny for your thoughts
RECLAIMING THE SKY
07, 08, 09, 10
Japan's journey from a Chinese
colony to a top-notch economy by
Bhuranyu Mahajan
NON NOBIS SOLUM
NATI SUMUS
14, 15
a report on the Beirut explosion
and its aftermath by Neha Talla
3. AN OBLIVIANT MASS
EXODUS
16, 17
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
& BIBLIOGRAPHY
20, 21
..cheers!
18, 19
PERVASION, PROTECTION,
AND PAYBACKS
the drawbacks of free trade:
simplified by Aditya Gupta
the Indo-Chinese interdependency by
Aadya Agarwal
4. ABOUT USECHONOMIX started as a student led magazine, which focuses on
empowering student views and perspectives. We aim at exploring possible
solutions to the worlds problems and give a platform to the students who
wish to voice their opinions. After some careful considerations, Echonomix
is not only for young writers, but for anyone irrespective of age, gender,
cast and nationality, who would like to voice their opinions and ideas.
In a nutshell, Echonomix is us, trying to discuss the resounding ripples that
economic policies create on a global level.
Why Echonomix?
-It is a great platform to get collaborative, financial and social
experience
-An experience you would not forget if you want to become a
journalist, economist or even a freelance writer.
-Most importantly, the unforgettable and unique support you would
receive and the influential skills you could develop throughout the
collaborative process
03
6. The symbol of peace ☮ and the Greek symbol of
war Ω have long been used worldwide. In this
article, we aim to present to the readers whether
they repel from each other, or attract i.e. whether
war and peace are associated with each other, or
in other words, does war bring peace, or does war
bring war, relying heavily on art and symbols.
Imagine the drawing below as a magnet, it’s
positive end being peace (☮), and negative end
being war (Ω).
POLES OF THE SAME
MAGNET BY KOMAL
AND PRANAV GUPTA
05
7. Well, using some examples from history, the frequency of
war leading to war, and war leading to peace can be
examined. In case of Civil wars, such as the American Civil
War, the war has led to a political and social unrest at first,
but then peace, or a settlement between the ‘black’ and the
‘white’.
World War I led to some decades of peace, but then World
War II followed, so does this mean one war leads to
another?
Well, in our perspective, war and peace in today’s world is
definitely not a magnet, cause diplomatic relations and
peace talks initiated by one side lead to the other side
initiating peace too, therefore peace attracts peace,
whereas war attracts war, as so many wars that are
ongoing currently have been going on for some time, for
example, the Iraqi insurgency, that has been going on since
the 2017, which followed the Iraqi Civil War (2014-17), and
this followed Iraqi insurgency (2011-13). Another example is
the USA, which has been under continuous wars since the
9/11 back in 2001. Leaving it upto the readers to think of
more examples in which war led to war, it will definitely
overcome the number of wars leading to peace.
06
8. RECLAIMING THE SKY BY
BHURANYU MAHAJAN
Japan, Nihon, The land of the rising sun with the
views of Mount Fiji, that take your breath away,
it’s a country where culture and technology exist
hand in hand. Japan, second to only China and the
US in terms of economic power, surprisingly,
began this path to modernity only 150 years back.
Looking Back
Until the Meiji period (1868-1912), Japan’s
relationship with the rest of the world was
defined by China. In the 16th century, Japan began
trading with the Western countries but soon
became fearful of the spread of Christianity and
its invasion. The government officially limited
foreign trade to that with then Dutch and Chinese
at the port of Nagasaki. In the 19th century, Europe
started aggressively expanding in Asia, China
started weakening, many countries were
colonised. Japan had to bow down and agree to
participate in trade with the West.
On March 31, 1854, the Convention of Kanagawa
became the first treaty between the United States
and the Tokugawa Shogunate. Signed under the
threat of force, it was an end to 220 years of
isolation of Japan. In 1868, under the reform
movement called Meiji Restoration, Japan
abolished the feudal system, the military was
reformed and the country was put on the path to
industrialisation. Subsequently, Japan signed
many treaties with the Western countries.
However, the main forces behind Japan’s
international relations with other countries were
imperialism and colonization. Japan too became a
colonising power and made colonies in Taiwan
and Korea. 07
9. 08
The Beginning Of the End
The beginning of the 20th century saw Japan
emerging as a powerful force after its victory in
the Russo-Japanese war (1904-05) and Japan
became a member of the prestigious League of
Nations. In 1931, Japan created a puppet state in
Manchuria, which no one else recognised. This
isolated Japan and resulted in numerous border
clashes with China finally resulting in the full-
scale Second Sino-Japanese War. The bombing of
Pearl Harbour and Japan’s aggression in Asia led
to war with the United States. The years that
followed saw the occupation of Japan by
American forces. Japan was highly influenced by
the US in the political, economic and cultural
areas.
The devastated Japanese economy rose like a
phoenix from the ashes. By 1956, real per capita
GDP had overtaken the pre-war 1940 level. During
the recovery period, the per capita GDP rose at an
average annual rate of 7.1%. This was followed by
an era of growth propelled by a highly successful
car and consumer electronics industries.
Consequence
Japan's relations with its neighbours are still
heavily influenced by the legacy of Japanese
actions before and during the Second World War.
All this has shaped Japan’s international relations
with various countries and regions across the
world. Its role in the international community is
considerable. It is a major aid donor and a source
of global capital and credit. Here is a summary of
Japan’s relations with a few countries and regions:
10. 09
The United States
The Security Treaty between the United States and Japan was signed on 8
September 1951. The United States in return has to defend Japan and maintains
military bases in Japan. The US has also sponsored Japan’s membership in the
United Nations, The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OCED) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The US is now
the closest ally of Japan. As two of the world's top three economic powers, both
countries have close economic ties for the creation of wealthJapan is currently
the 4th largest goods trading partner with the US with $218.3 billion in total (two
way) goods trade during 2019. Goods exports totalled $74.7 billion; goods
imports totalled $143.6 billion. The U.S. goods trade deficit with Japan was $69.0
billion in 2019. The top import categories for the US from Japan in 2019 were:
vehicles ($49 billion), machinery ($34 billion), electrical machinery ($17 billion),
optical and medical instruments ($7.0 billion), and pharmaceuticals ($4.3
billion). U.S. total imports of agricultural products from Japan totalled $767
million in 2019. Leading categories include wine and beer, snack foods, tea,
including herbal), other vegetable oils, and processed fruit & vegetables.
China
Japan has had a long history of cultural relations with China. The Japanese writing
system and many artistic, religious and literary traditions originally came from
China. Following WWII, relations have been strained with risks of outbreaks. The
East China Sea has been a long drawn area of conflict between the two countries.
Japan did not establish relations with China due to pressure from the US. This
changed after 1972 and now Japan is majorly involved in helping China develop its
economy. China is now Japan’s largest export market ($139 billion).
11. South-East Asia
The earlier actions and forced occupations by Japan of many Southeast countries
like Korean and Taiwan have left many nations resentful of Japan. In the present,
the Japanese government has been making consistent efforts to improve these
relations. The developing countries of ASEAN (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the
Philippines, and Thailand) regard Japan as critical to their development. Japan's
aid to the ASEAN countries totalled US$1.9 billion in Japanese fiscal year (FY) 1988
versus about US$333 million for the United States during the United States FY
1988. Japan was the number one foreign investor in the ASEAN countries, with
cumulative investment as of March 1989 of about US$14.5 billion, more than twice
that of the United States. Japan's share of total foreign investment in ASEAN
countries in the same period ranged from 70 to 80 per cent in Thailand to 20 per
cent in Indonesia. South-East Asia makes up for Japan’s second-largest export
market and provides important food, oil, metal ore, lumber and rubber imports.
Russia
Initially, Japan and Russia had clashed over their interests in Manchuria leading to
the Russo-Japanese War. Towards the end of WWII, Soviet had occupied South
Sakhalin Islands and the Kurile Islands and some islands near Hokkaido, which
Japan claimed were a part of their territory. On 27 April 2018, in Moscow was held
the fourth Russia-Japan forum dubbed The Points of Convergence, where the
sides discussed issues concerning the two countries’ trade and economic
relations. Trade has gradually developed between the two countries.
10
12. A PAIR OF KHUSSA JUTTIS
BY ISHITA PAL
Tears streamed down his face as Aslam Ahsan
saw his worn-out khussa juttis in an orange
briefcase at the Oslo Museum. The shoes
document his three-month journey from Pakistan
to Norway across Afghanistan, Iran and Turkey.
Nearly fifty years after the journey, Ahsan proudly
celebrates the Norwegian national holiday of
‘syttende mai’ by taking his twin grandsons to the
Constitution Day parade.
Today Pakistanis are the third-largest immigrant
nationality in the country, right behind the Poles
and the Swedes. Apart from tandoori and kebab
eateries punctuating street corners, the
contribution of Pakistani immigrants in the late
1960s to the country’s economy is vastly
understated.
SEA-BASED ECONOMY
Before 1963, the Norwegian economy relied
mostly on fishing with its GDP resembling
that of underdeveloped countries today. Its
people were not prosperous and the
socialist Labour Party was not dynamically
reforming any public policy in the near
future.
In 1963, Oslo asserted sovereign rights in a
part of the North Sea off the coast of the
country and her fleet of ships started their
quest to strike liquid gold.
11
13. MAKING A KILLING
Braving 15-metre-high waves and winds
with a speed of up to 110km/h, the Ocean
Viking stumbled upon massive oil and
natural gas reserves in 1969. The reserves
spewed out 1.6 million barrels of oil a day.
With Saudi Arabia threatening to decrease
their daily supply along with the soaring
demand of nouveau-riche nations like the
United States, Japan and Germany, Norway
naturally became the developing world’s
friendly oil supplier.
The Norwegians made a killing in the
international market as its potential value of
real output increased.
An immigration surplus was established as
those seeking improved standards of living
flocked to Europe’s new oil realm. As an
exodus ensued, Norway welcomed these
immigrants who laboured mostly in the low-
paying services sector.
Thus, the nations human and natural capital
peaked, expanding Norwegian horizons.
Change in the potential level of output can
be depicted as an outward shift of the PPC
(Production Possibilities Curve).
12
14. From a macroeconomic perspective, the
same is shown by a rightward shift in AS
curve for Keynesian economists and a
shift in the LRAS for the Monetarists.
FINANCIAL PRUDENCE
Naturally, in a matter of a decade,
Norway’s GDP rose from 12 billion USD to
65 billion USD. Instead of the oil revenues
being owned by private companies like
Shell or BP, all generated profits weighed
down the pockets of the government-
owned corporation, Statoil.
Since the Labour Party had been enjoying
a fairly stable control in the Norwegian
parliament, it made no effort to please
its citizens by regulation of an array of
expansionary fiscal policies involving tax
cuts. Instead, it established a sovereign
wealth fund. This wealth fund was
essentially a mega-hedge fund that
invested in stocks and bonds of
corporations whose legal entities were
not registered in Norway. This ensured
the citizens a steady stream of revenue
despite the booms and busts in the
homeland’s economy. In October of 2019,
Norway’s wealth fund was estimated to
be of a trillion dollars in value!
A CAUTIOUS COMMUNITY
Norwegian culture frowns on the flaunting
of wealth and unusually lavish lifestyles.
Norway is one of the select countries in
the world that has adopted a strict
economic model, now colloquially called a
Nordic model, of free-market capitalism
with universal social benefits like
education and healthcare fuelled by
substantially higher taxes than other OECD
countries. Taxation is redistributive and is
justified in the high government spending
palpable in the country’s infrastructure
and public services.Immigrants have
settled effortlessly into the rather
unfamiliar Scandinavian culture. As the
country’s diversity earns it some well-
deserved brownie points, Norway was
judged as the third happiest country to live
in, in 2019.
Three generations of the Ahsans now live
in Norway and although they have an
enormous mansion in Aslam’s parental
town of Kharian, for his children and
grandchildren the Pakistani palace is
easily tradeable for their three-bedroom in
downtown Oslo.
13
15. NON NOBIS SOLUM NATI SUMUS
BY NEHA TALLA
Not for ourselves alone are we born
5, 4, 3, 2, 1.
You had the benefit of a countdown to prepare yourself for what’s to come. Lebanon
didn’t. Beirut, didn’t.
On the 4th of August 2020, tragedy struck when the improper storage of explosive
ammonium nitrate at a port in Beirut, Lebanon caused a calamitous explosion that
shook the foundations of a country already facing an ongoing economic and political
crisis. It caused the deaths of 170 people, left more than 6,000 injured, and has left an
estimated 10-15 billion USD of damages to the city. Lebanon is the world’s 3rd most
indebted country in the world, with a 152% debt to GDP ratio. It was no wonder that
when the explosion occurred; the country was at more of a loss than it had ever been
before, and needed the support of nations around the world to survive this massive
accident amidst the already challenging COVID-19 pandemic.
"The UK is ready to provide support in any way we can, including to those British
nationalsaffected" - Prime Minister Boris Johnson
Immediately following the explosion, multiple countries offered assistance to
Lebanon by deploying search and rescue specialists, doctors, medical equipment, and
other such relief teams. This list of countries includes but is not limited to India,
Norway, Qatar, France, Turkey, Brazil, Russia, and the USA. India, for instance, swore
58 tonnes of humanitarian aid that was dispatched via C-17 heavy-lift aircrafts.
Norway provided 40 tonnes of medical equipment, and France contributed with 15
tones of aid along with a mobile medical unit and dozens of emergency workers.
“ France is at the side of Lebanon. Always”- President Emmanuel Macron
In more monetary terms, contributions of various sizes have poured in from around
the world.
14
16. To illustrate, The United States, through the U.S. Agency for International
Development (USAID), is providing $18 million in humanitarian assistance, along with
$15 million to support emergency response efforts. This aid is in addition to the $41.6
million the U.S. has already contributed to bolstering Lebanon's efforts to fight the
COVID-19 pandemic . Similarly, the UK is offering around a total of 63 million euros,
and the Qatar authorities have provided 50 million dollars worth of support.
"On behalf of the Syrian Arab people, we extend our sincere condolences to you and
the Lebanese people" - Syrian President Bashar al-Assad
When it comes to the aid of international organizations, the United Nations World
Food Programme has promised to provide 50,000 tonnes of wheat flour. Lebanon
authorities have also been in conversation with the International Monetary Fund to
receive a loan of 10 billion USD. Additionally, 6 million USD was released from the
Central Emergency Relief Fund along with 9 million USD from the UN Lebanon
Humanitarian Fund to address primary health needs and also to provide food
assistance. Last but not least, The WHO is appealing for $15 million to cover
emergency health needs.
“Non nobis solum nati sumus”
Literally translated, this Latin motto means “Not for ourselves alone are we born.”
Looking around the world, it’s heartwarming to see the way economies have
supported Lebanon through an unimaginable crisis, even an economy such as Iran
which has no diplomatic relations with Lebanon given their current official state of
war. That being said, the nation is far from having recovered. Lebanon has long been
criticized for its political structure as it leads many to believe that it is the primary
reason for their deepening economic crisis. The COVID-19 pandemic put a massive
strain on the already sparse natural resources available in Lebanon, so the blast in
the capital city was just the tipping point for citizens of Lebanon, many of whom took
to the streets to protest against the governing body’s inability to feed andsustain
their people. Due to this outcry by civilians, Prime Minister Hassan Diab resigned,
leaving the country in the hands of the President Micheal Aoun. The country has to
now not only pull itself through a traumatic incident but must also re-elect a new
Prime minister with a clear cut financial and economic rescue plan to overcome all
the challenges currently faced by the dismal economy.
“Stay Strong, Lebanon” -Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif
15
17. AN OBLIVIANT MASS EXODUS BY
ADITYA GUPTA
Once touted as the next America- a land of opportunity and prosperity, China
is today in a position strikingly different from its hay days of a rising
superpower. Facing rising diplomatic scrutiny from nations worldwide while
also having lost the support of many of its Asian neighbours, the country is
battling sanctions, allegations and bans from the rest of the world. COVID-19,
sadly, dealt the nation a multi-faceted blow as it not only affected the socio-
economic aspects but also helped catalyze the anti-China sentiment to an
extent wherein China is facing the prospects of losing essential ties with
nations worldwide.
What started as an agenda for international domination has turned out to be
a mission of self-suicide. China’s strategy to annihilate the power salvo of the
US has ended up going worse than ever imagined. China’s controversial
hijacking of Hong Kong did not do it any good either and instead furthered an
anti-China sentiment. China’s involvement in Africa has also come under
scrutiny with many counting the days until China takes over the many African
economies under its illegitimate control. Everything that China did under its
agenda for ultimate supremacy has become thorns in its sides with the
international fallout in many being too big to control.
This agenda has played Russian Roulette with not only international politics
but rather with the Chinese businesses too. Chinese companies herewith are
never going to be sure of the market conditions as owing to Beijing’s policies,
they can any day come under scrutiny, can any day lose out on major
international opportunities and can any day be sanctioned or deemed a
national threat internationally. The anti-China sentiment is costing Chinese
companies billions of dollars in future and present earnings. They are losing
out on ambitious forays into developing and upcoming markets which are ripe
for capitalistic exploitation.
In what seems to be a mass exodus Hong Kong too is facing future prospects
akin to that of China after its hostile takeover. Having been one of the financial
doyens of Asia, the territory considered one of the 4 Asian tigers, after
Singapore, Taiwan and South Korea, is today facing the prospects of losing its
coveted super-economy status after coming under Chinese control.
16
18. The territory is on the verge of a catastrophic downfall which will see its
financial markets lose a lot of banks, firms and investors to rotten Chinese
controls and Communist policies. After having lost the coveted trade status in
an annulment on the US’s part, the territory will surely not be able to maintain
its position in the shipping industry too.
In a hostile display, India too has been reported to be working with its Asian
neighbours like Australia and Japan on a trade pact which eliminates the
reliance on Chinese supply chains by, among other things, increasing cross-
border collaboration within the participating countries. This seems only right
and rather predictable after China’s disruptive actions on the LAC lines in
North India. With reports stating the pact to be ready by November due to
increased interest from India and other participating nations, this agreement
will certainly create large-scale chaos and trouble for China. This could
certainly be the death knell for Chinese export houses and will cause great
suffering to the ones looking across the border for future growth
opportunities.
Globalization oversaw widespread integration, collaboration and trade
between countries and while we enjoyed its fruits for many decades we are
only today becoming aware of its few but large disadvantages. An
international diplomatic incident between two countries has turned out to be
the course-setter for many countries and for some even a matter of life and
death. Both are countries which command and yield huge powers amongst
each other to the extent that each dominates and harnesses strengths unique
to either. To choose between the two is a case study ripe for the concept of
opportunity cost as by choosing either you essentially severe ties with the
other. The two countries I am talking about are the United States of America
and the People’s Republic of China who are currently at each other’s throats in
a state of utter disillusionment and oblivion to the harm being done to other
nations in the world by them.
17
19. PERVASION, PROTECTION AND
PAYBACKS BY AADYA AGARWAL
With a rising chorus to boycott Chinese products,
border tensions between India and China have
elevated to new dimension. If the government acts
per public demand, it could undoubtedly strain
political and trade relations between the two
states. Just last year, in 2019, India had more than
500 million smartphone users, an increase of 18%
from the year before. Chinese-made, most visibly Mi
Phones, were in high demand particularly
concerning their low prices and therefore appeal to
lower income or middle class consumers.
Considering the dominance of these classes in the
Indian economy, the catering of these companies
towards these markets was a colossal undertaking,
and massive business opportunity.
So far, in 2020, India imported $65 billion worth of
goods from China, which made up around 14% of our
total imports. Manufactured goods, at 96 per cent,
constituted the highest share of India's imports from
China and within those manufactured goods,
electronic goods constituted the highest share, at 33
per cent, followed by engineering goods at 32 per
cent and chemicals and related products at 20 per
cent.
Due to such high demand, we could say it won’t be
feasible for India to completely stop the imports from
China. Even if the government increases import duties
and doesn't stop trade, more likely than not, its these
Indian consumers who would literally pay the price,
as their goods only become more expensive.
Reasonably, Chinese industries would see a downturn
as well, contracting business operations. However,
considering circumstances, that is the scale of
industrial production in China, it could also be argued
that there would be minimal impacts despite
protectionist measures.
18
20. 19
There’s not much we can really expect as the
pandemic continues the blur the lines that define
the future and our predictions. All we can see is
that the global war against Chinese dominance,
pervasion, and infiltration seems to have spread
outside of the United States. We don’t know the
exact specifics of how it would affect each state,
but we can at least make general conclusions like
the above..
Not only finished goods, like smartphones, but
around 24% of the automobile industry is also
dependent on China for its spare parts, such as
tyres and tubes. Similarly, around 68% of the
market share of the domestic pharmaceutical
companies is held by China for imports of total bulk
drugs. Such large consistencies of Indian imports
would insinuate that in the short run, it would
undoubtedly be difficult to find amicable
substitutes for these goods. Specifically considering
imported materials and resources, domestic
producers would also face roadblocks in retail, and
production. This impact would be magnified more
so, considering the aforementioned dependency. In
the long run of course, substitutes would become
more available and possible negate its impacts. But
during this pandemic, would it be possible to move
into the Long run in the first place?
21. T H E E C H O N O M I X T E A M
Thank you all for
contributing to our second
edition by reading, writing,
sharing, or even skimming!
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
20
22. BIBLIOGRAPHYOur writers have referred to several sources including
Times Of India, Economic Times, and other such online
newspapers and websites. We acknowledge the
contribution of their facts to our magazine and condemn
plagiarism.
Sources and suggested reading:
https://www.jstor.org/stable/23608043
https://www.warsintheworld.com/page=static1258254223
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/whp-origins/era-7-the-great-
convergence-and-divergence-1880-ce-to-the-future/73-world-war-2-
betaa/a/read-thirty-years-of-continuous-war-beta
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fOYJ3_ZppM&feature=emb_title
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-norway-swf-record/norway-wealth-fund-
grows-to-record-10-trillion-crowns-idUSKBN1X41AO
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Pak-3rd-largest-immigrant-group-in-
Norway/articleshow/9511373.cms
https://www.forbes.com/sites/duncanmadden/2019/03/28/ranked-the-10-
happiest-countries-in-the-world-in-2019/#7ec3f9ee48a5
https://apnews.com/12ea65fee7606260167af25156a7cacc
https://currentaffairs.gktoday.in/india-sends-humanitarian-aid-to-lebanon-to-
assist-beirut-explosion-victims-082020332709.html
https://currentaffairs.gktoday.in/united-nations-releases-6-million-usd-in-
response-to-beirut-explosion-082020332366.html
https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/press-releases/aug-7-2020-united-
states-provides-humanitarian-assistance-response-explosions-lebanon
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-53710556
21