The document discusses concerns related to implementing Varnasrama Dharma. It addresses questions such as how to identify one's Varna, challenges of shifting to a village lifestyle, views on technology, and the need to broaden education for Brahmanas. The conclusion emphasizes that qualified Brahmanas and Kshatriyas protecting villages and cows are essential for reestablishing the Varnasrama system.
Srila Prabhupada - A life in service to God and HumanitySriSurabhi
Author : Vrsabha das
Email : vrsabha@gmail.com
Date Produced : January 5, 2012
Text editing : Lyn Welker (Labangalatika d.d.)
Edited by : Sriman Subhananda Hari Das
Serial No. : 2 of 54
Srila Prabhupada - A life in service to God and HumanitySriSurabhi
Author : Vrsabha das
Email : vrsabha@gmail.com
Date Produced : January 5, 2012
Text editing : Lyn Welker (Labangalatika d.d.)
Edited by : Sriman Subhananda Hari Das
Serial No. : 2 of 54
For a Buddhist pilgrim the most sacred spaces are the places that were touched by the presence of the Buddha. The Sakyamuni himself mentioned four places that were personally important to him - Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath and Kushinagar. Of these Lumbini and his home town of Kapilavastu are in Nepal.
Money has its own importance in our life. The world considers money and wealth as one of the most important thing in life. People have more love for money because it is needed in everything they do. That is why there is fight all around the world to get more money, by ethical or unethical means. People have been bothered by the uneven distribution of money and wealth. In this dangerous era of Kaliyug, it is very difficult to remain ethical and honest in matters of money.
In the presented book on the world of money as seen by Param Pujya Dadashri the Gnani Purush (the enlightened one), Dadashri has shared his view on money, charity, use of money. According to him, money is the reward of one’s merit karmas from one’s past life. Wealth comes your way when you give help to others, not otherwise. Wealth comes to those who have the desire to share. Lack of understanding of the science of money has perpetuated greed for money which leads to worldly life after life (avatars).
Report at Rural Development Conference sponsored by
National Institute for Rural Development – India
Author : Sriman Hari Kirtan das
Email : hkd75@yahoo.com
Date Produced : November, 2016
Editor : HH RP Bhakti Raghava Swami
Serial No. : 48 of 54
In my Globla class we were seperated intp groups and each group got one religon to research. My group got Hinduism and we decuded to put all of our research into a power point.
Among the myriad of relationships in life, the one between a Guru and disciple is most sacred and unique.
In the book “Guru and Disciple”, Gnani Purush (embodiment of Self knowledge) Dada Bhagwan provides insight into the nature of the Guru-disciple relationship and offers in-depth answers to questions like:
“What are definitions of Guru, and disciple? How is a Guru necessary in spiritual transformation?”
“How does a spiritual Guru differ from a spiritual teacher, a spiritual advisor, or from spiritual people in general?”
“How do I find a Guru with the spiritual power to grant me spiritual enlightenment required in a spiritual life?”
“Among the many spiritual teachers accessible today, do I need to find a Guru with a certain level of spiritual development or spiritual awareness?”
For those on a spiritual quest, seeking spiritual growth, or simply desirous of spiritual guidance, this book provides an invaluable resource among the spiritual books available on the Guru-disciple.
what is spirituality, what is tourism, types of tourism, what is spiritual tourism, definition of spiritual tourism, components of spiritual tourism, models of spiritual tourism, spiritual tourism packages, spiritual tourism destinations
For those wondering how to lead a spiritual life, Pure Love emerges as an essential value. Naturally one begins inquiring into the ultimate meaning of love, true love, and unconditional love.
Other questions may also arise, such as:
To cultivate unconditional love, is forgiveness required? If so, how can I learn to practice forgiveness prayer?
In the context of unconditional love, what is marriage? Can a husband and wife relationship transform into living for love, and ultimately become an example of love supreme?
In the book “Pure Love”, Gnani Purush (embodiment of Self knowledge) Dada Bhagwan offers a profound definition, and explanation of unconditional love, and describes how Pure Love grows naturally with spiritual development.
Dadashri explains that the knowledge of Self, and blossoming of Pure Love is one of the signs of spiritual awakening.
This resource on the topic of Pure Love will prove invaluable to begin the spiritual path.
Bhakti vriksha presentatie in het engels.
Bhakti vriksha is een onderdeel van ISKCON.
Titel is eenheid in verscheidenheid.
Presentatie gehouden door H.H.Kratu Maharaj in Suriname.
For a Buddhist pilgrim the most sacred spaces are the places that were touched by the presence of the Buddha. The Sakyamuni himself mentioned four places that were personally important to him - Lumbini, Bodh Gaya, Sarnath and Kushinagar. Of these Lumbini and his home town of Kapilavastu are in Nepal.
Money has its own importance in our life. The world considers money and wealth as one of the most important thing in life. People have more love for money because it is needed in everything they do. That is why there is fight all around the world to get more money, by ethical or unethical means. People have been bothered by the uneven distribution of money and wealth. In this dangerous era of Kaliyug, it is very difficult to remain ethical and honest in matters of money.
In the presented book on the world of money as seen by Param Pujya Dadashri the Gnani Purush (the enlightened one), Dadashri has shared his view on money, charity, use of money. According to him, money is the reward of one’s merit karmas from one’s past life. Wealth comes your way when you give help to others, not otherwise. Wealth comes to those who have the desire to share. Lack of understanding of the science of money has perpetuated greed for money which leads to worldly life after life (avatars).
Report at Rural Development Conference sponsored by
National Institute for Rural Development – India
Author : Sriman Hari Kirtan das
Email : hkd75@yahoo.com
Date Produced : November, 2016
Editor : HH RP Bhakti Raghava Swami
Serial No. : 48 of 54
In my Globla class we were seperated intp groups and each group got one religon to research. My group got Hinduism and we decuded to put all of our research into a power point.
Among the myriad of relationships in life, the one between a Guru and disciple is most sacred and unique.
In the book “Guru and Disciple”, Gnani Purush (embodiment of Self knowledge) Dada Bhagwan provides insight into the nature of the Guru-disciple relationship and offers in-depth answers to questions like:
“What are definitions of Guru, and disciple? How is a Guru necessary in spiritual transformation?”
“How does a spiritual Guru differ from a spiritual teacher, a spiritual advisor, or from spiritual people in general?”
“How do I find a Guru with the spiritual power to grant me spiritual enlightenment required in a spiritual life?”
“Among the many spiritual teachers accessible today, do I need to find a Guru with a certain level of spiritual development or spiritual awareness?”
For those on a spiritual quest, seeking spiritual growth, or simply desirous of spiritual guidance, this book provides an invaluable resource among the spiritual books available on the Guru-disciple.
what is spirituality, what is tourism, types of tourism, what is spiritual tourism, definition of spiritual tourism, components of spiritual tourism, models of spiritual tourism, spiritual tourism packages, spiritual tourism destinations
For those wondering how to lead a spiritual life, Pure Love emerges as an essential value. Naturally one begins inquiring into the ultimate meaning of love, true love, and unconditional love.
Other questions may also arise, such as:
To cultivate unconditional love, is forgiveness required? If so, how can I learn to practice forgiveness prayer?
In the context of unconditional love, what is marriage? Can a husband and wife relationship transform into living for love, and ultimately become an example of love supreme?
In the book “Pure Love”, Gnani Purush (embodiment of Self knowledge) Dada Bhagwan offers a profound definition, and explanation of unconditional love, and describes how Pure Love grows naturally with spiritual development.
Dadashri explains that the knowledge of Self, and blossoming of Pure Love is one of the signs of spiritual awakening.
This resource on the topic of Pure Love will prove invaluable to begin the spiritual path.
Bhakti vriksha presentatie in het engels.
Bhakti vriksha is een onderdeel van ISKCON.
Titel is eenheid in verscheidenheid.
Presentatie gehouden door H.H.Kratu Maharaj in Suriname.
GOVARDHAN ECO VILLAGE - New Dimensions in OutreachSriSurabhi
Author : Staff at Govardhan Eco Village
Website : www.ecovillage.org.in
Date Produced : April, 2013
Editor : Srimati Vrindavan Lila d.d.
Serial no : 50 of 54
Author : HH RP Bhakti Raghava Swami
E-Mail : Bhakti.Raghava.Swami@pamho.net
Date Produced : September 29, 2010
Editor : Srimati Vrinadavan Lila d.d.
Serial No : 8 of 54
Author : Sriman Krishna Balarama Das
Email : kbd@sscclab.com
Date Produced : February 12, 2015
Editor : Sriman Subhananda Hari Das
Serial no : 38 of 54
Author : HH RP Bhakti Raghava Swami
E-Mail : Bhakti.Raghava.Swami@pamho.net
Date Produced : February 2009
Editor : Srimati Vrindavana Lila d.d.
Serial No. : 36 of 54
Author : HH RP Bhakti Raghava Swami
E-Mail : Bhakti.Raghava.Swami@pamho.net
Date Produced : 2015
Editor: Sriman Prafullakumar Seelam
Serial No: 1 of 54
Author : Dr. Prananatha das
E-mail : yogaprananathadasa.brs@gmail.com
Date Produced : April 23, 2009
Editor : Sriman Prafullakumar Seelam
Serial No : 6 of 54
SAHYADRI SRI KRISHNA BALARAMA KSETRA (SSKBK)SriSurabhi
Author : HH RP Bhakti Raghava Swami
E-Mail : Bhakti.Raghava.Swami@pamho.net
Date Produced : April 2008
Edited : Sriman Prafullakumar Seelam
Serial No : 53 of 54
Evolutionary potential of education-reportGnostic Centre
The Gnostic Centre of Education (Delhi) organized the day long Seminar (27 March 2016), as a contemplative conversation amongst the panelists and the audience on the deeper aims and creative forms that an education of the future would take. The
Seminar was divided into two sessions. The morning focused on Wisdom Traditions, the afternoon focused on Innovations in Higher Education.
A dyed-in-the-wool East Coast guy, Lama Surya Das — Tibetan Buddhist teacher; founder of the Dzogchen Center in Cambridge, MA; and author of such bestselling books as Awakening the Buddha Within and Buddha Standard Time – will be making the trek way out west next month for a special mini-workshop at InsightLA in Santa Monica, CA.
Dhamma Earth -- A Dhamma Propagation EcoSystem. A Dhamma community of diverse groups of people in shared environments that naturally generate Dhamma propagation synergy. To nurture a Dhamma propagation ecosystem that enables Dhamma growth and exploration for the alleviation, prevention and cessation of suffering, for the welfare and happiness of all beings.
Vedic eco village western canada development plan 2017 26 SriSurabhi
We need more people to expand the eco village. New guest facilities will attract workers for infrastructure building & farming.
Eco Village plots to develop this year are Go Shala foundation (for future cows), gardens, kitchen, Patha Shala (Learning Center), Yoga Shala, and Yajna Shala
Author : Vrsabha das
Email : vrsabha@gmail.com
Date : April 2020
Text editing : Lyn Welker (Labangalatika d.d.)
Edited by : Sriman Subhananda Hari Das
Serial No. : 12 of 54
Most of the text was taken from Stephen Knapp
www.stephen-knapp.com
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
The science of Daiva Varnasrama - Concerns related to implementing Varnasrama
1.
2. The Science of Daiva Varnasrama –
Concerns Related to Implementing
Varnasrama Dharma
Author : HH RP Bhakti Raghava Swami (ACBSP)
E-mail : Bhakti.Raghava.Swami@pamho.net
Date Produced : 2011
Serial No : 15 of 54
3. Hare Krishna.
The following presentation was prepared based on
Part III of the book
‘ The Science of Daiva Varnasrama ’
Author: RP Bhakti Raghava Swami (ACBSP).
5. Hare Krishna.
In the previous presentations we have discussed about Understanding
Varnasrama Dharma and Need of establishing Daiva Varnasrama
Dharma.
In this presentation we will have a discussion on the
Common concerns raised by devotees in Implementing
Varnasrama ….
…. Recap
6. Srila Prabhupäda: There must be regular education. So we are stressing on the
point of education. You educate certain section as brahmana, certain section as
kshatriya, certain section as vaisya. In that education we don't discriminate
because he's coming of a südra family. Take education. Be qualified.
Hari-Sauri: But in our community as it is, we are training up as Vaisnavas...
Srila Prabhupäda: Vaisnav is not so easy. The varnäsrama- dharma should be
established to become a . It is not so easy to become .
Hari-Sauri: No, it's not a cheap thing.
Srila Prabhupäda: Yes. , to become , is not so easy. If to become is so easy,
why so many fall down? It is not easy.
Hari-Sauri: Varnäsrama system is beneficial. Where will we introduce the
varnäsrama system, then?
Srila Prabhupäda: In our society, amongst our members.
[Room conversation in Mayapur, February 14, 1977]
7. Does staying in the farm means foregoing modern
amenities like telephones, mobiles, computers,
electricity, vehicles, etc.?
• We should gradually and eventually do away with them. One day, probably in
the not too distant future, many of these facilities will simply not be there
• the present lifestyle that we are living right now, to use the modern
terminology, is simply not sustainable
o So this more natural lifestyle helps us to actually properly utilize the gifts of
nature and to maintain a proper harmony that is meant to be there. In this way,
human beings can live in a very harmonious way with nature, respecting the
natural arrangement that is there, that has been created by Krishna. In this
way there is much more of a balance
• We live in the age of machines but we should know that we can do without
most of these as we adopt a more simplified lifestyle
o Srila Prabhupäda wanted the members of our ISKCON society to simplify their
lifestyle and also wanted that we gradually replace the modern passionate
urban way of living with a more localized, simplified and rural way of living
where most of the modern gadgets and machines are not needed
8. What should be our views on technology….?
• It is not that technology is a word to be removed from our dictionary. We
should understand what kind of technology
o The Vedic culture is also based on technology – Soft Technology
o Today’s technology is referred to as ‘Hard technology’
• Hard technology requires extracting huge amounts of resources, very often
creating all kinds of ecological imbalances, very often destroying and
polluting nature
• We have increased our so-called necessities. We have created many artificial
necessities. There is a whole propaganda in the world through television,
billboards, newspapers, etc., whereby people are convinced that they need
this thing…they need that thing…they need so many things. But actually,
90%, if not 95%, of the things that are promoted in this way are not actual
essential necessities of life
9. Need to study the village technology
• There is a need to actually study what is called village
technology and our different projects here in India, like Gokul
Dham or Sahyädri Sri Krishna Balaräma Kshetra, are giving
a lot of importance to reviving village technology or what is
called traditional technologies. There are so many reasons that
by using soft technology, which is going to get what we need to
get done, that is sufficient and all around it will be much more
beneficial for everyone concerned
10. How to identify our varnas?
• Srila Prabhupäda has given us some very clear information
regarding this in his work ‘Conceptions of Gitä Nagari’. Actually,
he identifies four areas which can help one understand and
identify the varna in which one is meant to live
o first, astrology, as a means to understand about varna. This was
commonly done
o Secondly, by administering a ‘psychological test’. There are different
tests, either written or oral, whereby one can understand the mentality,
the frame of mind, the natural disposition and inclination of an
individual
o The third method is by mere observation
o And the fourth way is by knowing the family lineage…what gotra one
belongs to, what was the profession of one’s parents, one’s
grandparents
11. Normally, this is done at an early age
• Generally, before the age of 10, the varna of an individual will
have been ascertained by the local brähmanas
• As soon as the varna is known, then one will be guided and
directed towards a particular type of education which will allow
that individual to take up one’s occupation
• We should understand that varna is connected with aptitude-
based learning which will lead one to aptitude-based occupation
in the society. It is very important to know these things and to
begin applying them
12. What are the challenges in shifting to
village lifestyle?
• The whole system is very scientifically arranged that economics are
extremely simplified. Srilä Prabhupäda makes the statement that
everything is actually wonderful about this varnāśrama way of life and
the Vedic culture - everything is very simplified
• Our concepts are ill-defined and that's one of the important reasons
why Srilä Prabhupäda gave so much emphasis and direction
specifically for establishing these communities to his different leaders
in those last few years
• We as devotees, having received training in Krishna consciousness, in
many ways should be the best suited individuals, the best trained
individuals to have this knowledge and also an understanding about
the importance of putting it into practice, to apply the good important
instructions given by the Founder Äcärya of our society
13. How to adapt to a Varnāśrama
community?
• There are different ways in which one can begin to take steps,
what we call “baby steps”; in the beginning, small steps towards
actually one day relocating oneself in a varnäsrama community
and of course one of the ways is to acquire more information
• for example to become part of Varnäsrama Research Teams where
one will associate with like-minded persons who are having wonderful
realizations
• Within our ISKCON society we have been, unfortunately,
somewhat slow in helping making that transition. This is one
area where our ministry will be making some effort to help
individuals and families relocate
14. We are looking for devotees who are
serious about re-locating
• Our ministry does intend to come out with a book on this which will
present what has been there, what is the traditional norm and how it is
that here in India
• Due to legislation introduced changing land ownership maybe some
20/30 years ago, it has brought about major, major changes in how
people were living, working, engaged in society
• In India, we have the Varnäsrama Ministry office. We can actually
communicate with any such interested persons. If one is really
curious, interested, especially somebody who has practically decided
to relocate, we are looking for such kind of people
• For example, at our Sahyädri Sri Krishna Balaräma Kshetra in South
India, we are looking for such householders who are serious about
relocating and we are ready and willing to help them in different ways.
15. One of IDVM objectives ….
• One of the objectives of the ministry is to facilitate that
householders make more easily that kind of transition. It is
possible and it has to be made. We do need to provide more
facilities, possibly even some incentives so that it can happen
more easily. As it stands now, it is extremely difficult for our
householders. We are very open to discuss, on a one to one
basis, and we do hope to come out with some guidelines that
will facilitate our householders as well
16. Who will divide the society?
• This is primarily the role of two very important individuals. It
begins with the brähmanas for presenting the philosophy and
needs kshatriyas for implementation
• We need Gurukulas and Varnasrama colleges for this to happen
o Regarding Varnasrama college – at present the only two
places are Sahyädri Sri Krsna Balaräma Kshetra [SSKBK]
and Mayapur, where they have officially recognized and
established the Mayapur Varnäsrama College, and nowhere
else
17. we need to broaden our curriculum
for brähmanas
• Now we need to especially emphasize and introduce various
curriculums not only for brähmanas but for kshatriyas also.
Secondly, we need to broaden our curriculum
for brähmanas. We should not simply be training individuals as
temple priests. This is what happens in places like
Tirupati Gurukula or other traditional gurukulas. They train
individuals mainly to chant mantras, or for performing yajnas, a
few limited things. Actually, in a gurukula, brähmanas are meant
to do more than just chanting, reciting prayers in the temple, or
doing puja. There are specific occupations which are there
for brähmanas such as becoming an Ayurvedic doctor,
Kaviräja (Äyurveda-sästra), becoming an astrologer, (Jyoti-
sästra), or becoming a teacher for various sciences, etc. We
need to broaden our educational
18. Conclusion
• Varnäsrama is the fourth of the movements spoken about by Srila Prabhupäda,
the fourth wave. We have made a video and a book entitled the fourth wave. As we
mentioned earlier, it is something that will only be understood when some of our
devotees in the cities begin to step out from there because varnäsrama is meant to be
largely introduced and taken up outside the cities. That's something that's missing
right now. We are stuck in a particular paradigm. No wonder, we speak about making
a paradigm shift. brähmanas and kshatriyas will establish that varnäsrama system, but
only when we begin to understand that the varnäsrama system is based on or begins
with cows and land. All Vaisnavas are extremely important, in many ways. But it is
the brähmana Vaisnavas and the kshatriya Vaisnavas who, in terms of organizing
society, will be the main individuals to establish the system of varnäsrama
dharma. And it will not be possible without cows. This is why it is a very critical
situation right now. As a society, ISKCON is much less involved with cow
protection. Some activities are there but they are actually very limited and our
perspective or understanding of cow protection and the need to maintain our villages
is still at a very minimal level. Therefore, in many ways, it is the presence of
qualified brähmanas and qualified kshatriyas that will help to protect our villages and
our cows. We may have all the brähmanas and kshatriyas in the world, but
without cows and villages, the varnäsrama cannot be re-established.
19. Hare Krishna Hare Krishna
Krishna Krishna Hare Hare
Hare Rama Hare Rama
Rama Rama Hare Hare
20. ISKCON Daiva Varnasrama Ministry
Promoting Rural Development in
India
www.iskconvarnasrama.com
OM Sri Surabhi Campaign
www.srisurabhi.org
21.
22. ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Name HH RP Bhakti Raghava Swami
Age and Gender 71, Male
Country/Province of Origin Canada, Ontario
Educational Degree and Year B.A, 1968, M.Ed., 2004
Educational Institution State University of Yogyakarta
Professional Work/Experience Social Worker/Counselor
Affiliation with ISKCON Since 1974
Present Service in ISKCON Minister, IDVM-India