The same Mechanisms of genetic exchange in bacteria: 1. Conjugation 2. mechanisms occur in
archae also, though they are poorly studied.
Conjugation: The exchange or transfer of genetic material occurs from one bacterium (the donor)
to the other (the recipient) through the formation of physical contact called conjugation bridge.
Bacteria have appendages called fimbriae which form physical contact with other cells.
The donor bacteria replicates Transformation 3. Transduction
its genome, and one copy of part of the genome is transferred to the recipient through the
conjugation bridge. Depending on the type of transfer, the conjugation may be either F’ or Hfr
conjugation.
Transformation: The ability of bact. Bacteria vary in their ability to get transformed. There are
special channels in the cell membranes of bacteria to take up exogenous DNA. During this
process, one of the strands is hydrolyzed and the energy obtained is used to translocate the other
fragment of DNA eria to take up fragments of exogenous genetic material from their surrounding
solution is called transformation. The ability to get transformed is called competence. Therefore,
transformation generally occurs with double stranded DNA only. Competence can be artificially
induced in cells by cold shock or calcium chloride treatment.
Transduction: The transfer of fragments of genetic material from one bacteria cell to another
mediated by a bacteriophage is called transduction. Lysogenic phages often carry along with
them pieces of bacterial DNA also. Since phage heads can pack some what more genome than its
own, the bacteria DNA is carried by them. When they infect a new host and integrate their
genome during another cycle of lysogeny, the host now becomes partial diploid for the genes.
During excision and lytic phase, the bacterial genes may remain in the second host due to precise
excision of the virus genome. Depending on the type of genes carried and success of
transduction, it is classified as generalized transduction and specialized transduction.
Solution
The same Mechanisms of genetic exchange in bacteria: 1. Conjugation 2. mechanisms occur in
archae also, though they are poorly studied.
Conjugation: The exchange or transfer of genetic material occurs from one bacterium (the donor)
to the other (the recipient) through the formation of physical contact called conjugation bridge.
Bacteria have appendages called fimbriae which form physical contact with other cells.
The donor bacteria replicates Transformation 3. Transduction
its genome, and one copy of part of the genome is transferred to the recipient through the
conjugation bridge. Depending on the type of transfer, the conjugation may be either F’ or Hfr
conjugation.
Transformation: The ability of bact. Bacteria vary in their ability to get transformed. There are
special channels in the cell membranes of bacteria to take up exogenous DNA. During this
process, one of the strands is hydrolyzed and the energy obtained is used to .
Prokaryotes can exchange DNA with eukaryotes, although the mechanisms behind this process are not well understood. Suspected mechanisms include conjugation and endocytosis, such as when a eukaryotic cell engulfs a prokaryotic cell and gathers it into a special membrane-bound vesicle for degradation.
It is a microbiology topic based on transduction in bacteria, and there is a big role for bacteriophage as it also does it's lytic and lysogenic cycles. It is important on the view of health and medicine
this presentation is about reproduction of bacteria also known as genetic recombination. it consist of three types i.e. transformation, transduction and conjugation.
Transduction is one of the process or horizontal gene transfer. A virus depends on the host for its reproduction and does it by transferring its genetic material into it. This is helpful when we need to transfer genetic material between two bacterial cells.
Prokaryotes can exchange DNA with eukaryotes, although the mechanisms behind this process are not well understood. Suspected mechanisms include conjugation and endocytosis, such as when a eukaryotic cell engulfs a prokaryotic cell and gathers it into a special membrane-bound vesicle for degradation.
It is a microbiology topic based on transduction in bacteria, and there is a big role for bacteriophage as it also does it's lytic and lysogenic cycles. It is important on the view of health and medicine
this presentation is about reproduction of bacteria also known as genetic recombination. it consist of three types i.e. transformation, transduction and conjugation.
Transduction is one of the process or horizontal gene transfer. A virus depends on the host for its reproduction and does it by transferring its genetic material into it. This is helpful when we need to transfer genetic material between two bacterial cells.
Genetic transformation in prokaryotes has led to the discovery of the three major methods of transformationin bacteria i.e transformation, conjugation and transuction whichcommonly uses the bacterial- phages as vectors to transfer dna.
We first see what is the Small Intestine – It connects the stomach a.pdfKARTIKINDIA
We first see what is the Small Intestine – It connects the stomach and the large intestine. It is
called as Small because it is smaller than Large Intestine. It is divided into three sections
(duodenum, jejunum & ileum).
Three parts are as follows:
The three sections of the small intestine look similar to each other at a microscopic level, but
there are some important differences in terms of structures. The jejunum and ileum do not have
Brunner\'s glands in the submucosa, while the ileum has Peyer\'s patches in the mucosa, but the
duodenum and jejunum do not.
Now we will see the structure in detail: The small intestine has four tissue layers as follows
Brunner\'s Glands
Brunner\'s glands (or duodenal glands) are compound tubular sub-mucosal glands found in the
duodenum. The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich, alkaline secretion
(containing bicarbonate) in order to neutralize the acidic content of chyme that is introduced into
the duodenum from the stomach, and to provide an alkaline condition for optimal intestinal
enzyme activity, thus enabling absorption to take place and lubricate the intestinal walls.
Peyer\'s Patches
Peyer\'s patches are organized lymph nodules. They are aggregations of lymphoid tissue that are
found in the lowest portion of the small intestine, which differentiate the ileum from the
duodenum and jejunum.
Because the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is exposed to the external environment, much of it
is populated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Peyer\'s patches function as the
immune surveillance system of the intestinal lumen and facilitate the generation of the immune
response within the mucosa.
Intestinal Villi
Intestinal villi (singular: villus) are tiny, finger-like projections that protrude from the epithelial
lining of the mucosa. Each villus is approximately 0.5–1.6 mm in length and has many microvilli
(singular: microvillus), each of which are much smaller than a single villus.
Explain how structure of the intestinal lining enhances surface area.
Now we will see how this Villi are important for enhancing the surface area in details. Villi
increase the internal surface area of the intestinal walls. This increased surface area allows for
more intestinal wall area to be available for absorption. An increased absorptive area is useful
because digested nutrients (including sugars and amino acids) pass into the villi, which is semi-
permeable, through diffusion, which is effective only at short distances.
Microvilli are microscopic extensions of the outer surface of the absorptive cells that line each
villus. Because of their brush like appearance (microscopically), the microvilli facing the lumen
form the brush border of the small intestine. Like the villi; the microvilli increase the surface
area over which digestion and absorption take place.
In other words, the increased surface area (in contact with the fluid in the lumen) decreases the
average distance traveled by the nutrient.
Water needs to be present. The 2 compounds will only react after.pdfKARTIKINDIA
Water needs to be present.
The 2 compounds will only react after they have been dissolved and ionized in water:
2 Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3 Na2CO3(aq) => Al2(CO3)3(s) + 6 NaNO3(aq)
Solution
Water needs to be present.
The 2 compounds will only react after they have been dissolved and ionized in water:
2 Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3 Na2CO3(aq) => Al2(CO3)3(s) + 6 NaNO3(aq).
More Related Content
Similar to The same Mechanisms of genetic exchange in bacteria 1. Conjugation .pdf
Genetic transformation in prokaryotes has led to the discovery of the three major methods of transformationin bacteria i.e transformation, conjugation and transuction whichcommonly uses the bacterial- phages as vectors to transfer dna.
We first see what is the Small Intestine – It connects the stomach a.pdfKARTIKINDIA
We first see what is the Small Intestine – It connects the stomach and the large intestine. It is
called as Small because it is smaller than Large Intestine. It is divided into three sections
(duodenum, jejunum & ileum).
Three parts are as follows:
The three sections of the small intestine look similar to each other at a microscopic level, but
there are some important differences in terms of structures. The jejunum and ileum do not have
Brunner\'s glands in the submucosa, while the ileum has Peyer\'s patches in the mucosa, but the
duodenum and jejunum do not.
Now we will see the structure in detail: The small intestine has four tissue layers as follows
Brunner\'s Glands
Brunner\'s glands (or duodenal glands) are compound tubular sub-mucosal glands found in the
duodenum. The main function of these glands is to produce a mucus-rich, alkaline secretion
(containing bicarbonate) in order to neutralize the acidic content of chyme that is introduced into
the duodenum from the stomach, and to provide an alkaline condition for optimal intestinal
enzyme activity, thus enabling absorption to take place and lubricate the intestinal walls.
Peyer\'s Patches
Peyer\'s patches are organized lymph nodules. They are aggregations of lymphoid tissue that are
found in the lowest portion of the small intestine, which differentiate the ileum from the
duodenum and jejunum.
Because the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is exposed to the external environment, much of it
is populated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms. Peyer\'s patches function as the
immune surveillance system of the intestinal lumen and facilitate the generation of the immune
response within the mucosa.
Intestinal Villi
Intestinal villi (singular: villus) are tiny, finger-like projections that protrude from the epithelial
lining of the mucosa. Each villus is approximately 0.5–1.6 mm in length and has many microvilli
(singular: microvillus), each of which are much smaller than a single villus.
Explain how structure of the intestinal lining enhances surface area.
Now we will see how this Villi are important for enhancing the surface area in details. Villi
increase the internal surface area of the intestinal walls. This increased surface area allows for
more intestinal wall area to be available for absorption. An increased absorptive area is useful
because digested nutrients (including sugars and amino acids) pass into the villi, which is semi-
permeable, through diffusion, which is effective only at short distances.
Microvilli are microscopic extensions of the outer surface of the absorptive cells that line each
villus. Because of their brush like appearance (microscopically), the microvilli facing the lumen
form the brush border of the small intestine. Like the villi; the microvilli increase the surface
area over which digestion and absorption take place.
In other words, the increased surface area (in contact with the fluid in the lumen) decreases the
average distance traveled by the nutrient.
Water needs to be present. The 2 compounds will only react after.pdfKARTIKINDIA
Water needs to be present.
The 2 compounds will only react after they have been dissolved and ionized in water:
2 Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3 Na2CO3(aq) => Al2(CO3)3(s) + 6 NaNO3(aq)
Solution
Water needs to be present.
The 2 compounds will only react after they have been dissolved and ionized in water:
2 Al(NO3)3(aq) + 3 Na2CO3(aq) => Al2(CO3)3(s) + 6 NaNO3(aq).
The answer is b) facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membrane.pdfKARTIKINDIA
The answer is: b) facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membranes
Lung surfactant facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membranes.
Solution
The answer is: b) facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membranes
Lung surfactant facilitates O2 diffusion through alveolar membranes..
The cam material will be UHMW polyethylene because it had the lost c.pdfKARTIKINDIA
The cam material will be UHMW polyethylene because it had the lost cost of the materials
meeting the mechanical property requirements of the design. For a 12”x12”x0.5” sheet of
material the UHMW was $14.47 compared to $389.56 for the FEP and $193.55 for the PTFE.
The offset m and the lift were chosen to be their minimum allowable values of 6 inches and 30o
respectively because it was found that large values of these parameters introduced undercutting
of the cam profile. This negatively affected the cam design because the ideal lift chosen by the
team of 45o was not achieved. The offset f was chosen to be 2 7/64 inches because it was the
minimum value found to prevent undercutting of the cam profile in conjunction with the other
parameters.
The cam profile was finalized through the choice of the rise and return zones. A symmetric rise
and return was chosen to provide a smooth profile, and a value of 155 o was chosen because, as
with f, it was the minimum parameter value that prevented undercutting of the cam profile.
MATLAB Code
%Trade Study - Vertical Motion Control%
clear all
close all
%inputs%
Bri = 155*(pi/180); %rise - radians%
Btd = 0*(pi/180); %top dwell - radians%
Bre = 155*(pi/180); %return - radians%
Bbd = 50*(pi/180); %bottom dwell - radians%
L = 25*(pi/180); %lift - radians%
yo = 5*(pi/180); %min follower position - radians%
f = 2 + 7/64; %follower offset - inches%
m = 6; %center offset - inches%
Rb = m*sin(yo) + f; %radius of base circle - inches%
%variables%
phi = 0;
phi0 = Bri + Btd;
phi1 = 2*pi - Bbd;
%data storage arrays%
phiarr = [];
yarr = [];
Rarr = [];
Angarr = [];
Rxarr = [];
Ryarr = [];
Darr = [];
while phi <= 2*pi
if phi < Bri %rise%
y = (L/Bri).*phi - (L/(2*pi)).*sin(((2*pi)/Bri).*phi); %follower disp%
dy = (L/Bri).*(1-cos(((2*pi)/Bri).*phi)); %dy/dphi%
D = y + yo; %follower position%
a = (m.*dy)./(1 - dy); %distance%
h = m.*sin(D) + f; %distance%
b = a.*cos(D); %distance%
psi = pi/2 - D; %angle%
theta = atan(b./h); %angle%
R = h./cos(theta); %R - magnitude of polar coord vector, cam profile%
Ang = phi + psi + theta; %angle of polar coord vector, cam profile%
Rx = R.*cos(Ang); %x coord of cam profile%
Ry = R.*sin(Ang); %y coord of cam profile%
phiarr = [phiarr phi];
yarr = [yarr y];
Rarr = [Rarr R];
Angarr = [Angarr Ang];
Rxarr = [Rxarr Rx];
Ryarr = [Ryarr Ry];
Darr = [Darr D];
phi = phi + pi/360;
end
if phi >= Bri & phi < phi0 %top dwell%
y = L;
dy = 0;
D = y + yo;
a = (m.*dy)./(1 - dy);
h = m.*sin(D) + f;
b = a.*cos(D);
psi = pi/2 - D;
theta = atan(b./h);
R = h./cos(theta);
Ang = phi + psi + theta;
Rx = R.*cos(Ang);
Ry = R.*sin(Ang);
phiarr = [phiarr phi];
yarr = [yarr y];
Rarr = [Rarr R];
Rxarr = [Rxarr Rx];
Ryarr = [Ryarr Ry];
Angarr = [Angarr Ang];
Darr = [Darr D];
phi = phi + pi/360;
end
if phi >= phi0 & phi < phi1 %return%
y = L - (L/Bre).*(phi - phi0) + (L/(2*pi)).*sin(((2*pi)/Bre).*(phi - phi0));
dy = (L/Bre).*(cos(((2*pi)/Bre).*(phi - phi0)) - 1);
D = y + yo;
a = (m.*dy)./(1 - dy);
h = m.*sin(D) + f;
b = a.*c.
Ques-1: antinormative collective pro-social behavior
Reason:
Online communities offer many individuals to adopt different disguises, thus concealing their
identities and enabling them to be more mean or callous. This type of antinormative pro-social
behavior is contributed to deindividuation. This deindiviualization is mainly due to loss of social
awareness with different attitude compared to normal social behavior.
In contrast, if the stereotypes are inaccurate (because they are developed based on first
experiences) they create more problems rather than benefits. These opinions need to be filtered
through the view of situations or person that are responsible for creating that stereotype.
Ques-2: answer: B. inclinations to act.
Reason:
Attitude is associated with meticulously cognitive, affective, and behavioral tendencies
according to empirical research that support apparent differences between thoughts & emotions
but failed to act inclinations to explain attitudes consistently
Stereotypes are our opinions about the people who does not belong to our community. Actually
all our opinions are impressions of their behavior what we observe directly or what we hear by
means of another person. Behavior reflects their attitude, the way they live, their culture and
values. Therefore, we can evaluate the people who differ from us. It is very helpful for a tourist
visiting a foreign country because it allows having guesses regarding their culture so that we can
respond and behave accordingly. By having the basic ideas about the society that we are going to
visit allows us to better predict and interpret the behaviors that we are going to experience, so
that we can acclimatize ourselves to the new society.
Solution
Ques-1: antinormative collective pro-social behavior
Reason:
Online communities offer many individuals to adopt different disguises, thus concealing their
identities and enabling them to be more mean or callous. This type of antinormative pro-social
behavior is contributed to deindividuation. This deindiviualization is mainly due to loss of social
awareness with different attitude compared to normal social behavior.
In contrast, if the stereotypes are inaccurate (because they are developed based on first
experiences) they create more problems rather than benefits. These opinions need to be filtered
through the view of situations or person that are responsible for creating that stereotype.
Ques-2: answer: B. inclinations to act.
Reason:
Attitude is associated with meticulously cognitive, affective, and behavioral tendencies
according to empirical research that support apparent differences between thoughts & emotions
but failed to act inclinations to explain attitudes consistently
Stereotypes are our opinions about the people who does not belong to our community. Actually
all our opinions are impressions of their behavior what we observe directly or what we hear by
means of another person. Behavior reflects their attitude, the way they live, th.
Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the.pdfKARTIKINDIA
Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.
Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point,
density, solubility, polarity, and many others.
The three states of matter are: solid, liquid, and gas. The melting point and boiling point are
related to changes of the state of matter.
An object or substance can be measured or perceived without changing its identity. Physical
properties can be intensive or extensive. An intensive property does not depend on the size or
amount of matter in the object, while an extensive property does. In addition to extensiveness,
properties can also be either isotropic if their values do not depend on the direction of
observation or anisotropic otherwise. Physical properties are referred to as observables. They are
not modal properties.
Solution
Physical properties can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
Physical properties are used to observe and describe matter.
Physical properties include: appearance, texture, color, odor, melting point, boiling point,
density, solubility, polarity, and many others.
The three states of matter are: solid, liquid, and gas. The melting point and boiling point are
related to changes of the state of matter.
An object or substance can be measured or perceived without changing its identity. Physical
properties can be intensive or extensive. An intensive property does not depend on the size or
amount of matter in the object, while an extensive property does. In addition to extensiveness,
properties can also be either isotropic if their values do not depend on the direction of
observation or anisotropic otherwise. Physical properties are referred to as observables. They are
not modal properties..
(E) a+ and b+ are more closely linked than a+ and c+. If two gen.pdfKARTIKINDIA
(E) a+ and b+ are more closely linked than a+ and c+.
If two genes are present on the same chromosome, they are less likely to undergo recombination.
If they are very closely located, they do not undergo recombination and that pair of genes occur
more frequently.
Solution
(E) a+ and b+ are more closely linked than a+ and c+.
If two genes are present on the same chromosome, they are less likely to undergo recombination.
If they are very closely located, they do not undergo recombination and that pair of genes occur
more frequently..
Please follow the data and description 1) An association indicate.pdfKARTIKINDIA
Please follow the data and description :
1) An association indicates that the destination address is for a networking device connected to
one of the ports on the bridge.
So the answer is OPTION B (Indicates that the destination address is for a networking device
connected to one of the ports on the bridge).
2)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
3) The acronym TCP/IP stands for Transmission Controller Protocol / Internet Protocol is a true
statement.
So the answer is OPTION A (True).
4)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
5)
Aging Time :
It is the length of time a MAC address remains assigned to a port. The assignment of the MAC
address will be removed if there is no data activity within this time. If the computer with the
assigned MAC address initiates new data activity, the aging time counter is restarted, and the
MAC address remains assigned to the port.
So the answer is OPTION D (Aging Time).
6)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
7)
ping command :
This is generally used as a network commands that allows you to ping another network IP
address. Pinging another address helps determine if the network card can communicate within
the local network or outside network.
So the answer is OPTIONS (A,B,D).
8)
Private networks can use IP addresses anywhere in the following ranges: 192.168.0.0 -
192.168.255.255 (65,536 IP addresses) 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (1,048,576 IP addresses)
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (16,777,216 IP addresses).
A routable IP address is one that can be reached (or routed) by anyone on the internet.
So the answer is OPTIONS (C,D).
9)
The use of STP cable includes the resitance to interference, speed, data security, protection from
crosstalk.
So the answer is OPTION E (None of the Above).
10)
Transport Layer :
The layer in the open system interconnection (OSI) model responsible for end-to-end
communication over a network. It provides logical communication between application
processes running on different hosts within a layered architecture of protocols and other network
components.
So the answer is OPTION A (Transport Layer).
Hope this is helpful.
Solution
Please follow the data and description :
1) An association indicates that the destination address is for a networking device connected to
one of the ports on the bridge.
So the answer is OPTION B (Indicates that the destination address is for a networking device
connected to one of the ports on the bridge).
2)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
3) The acronym TCP/IP stands for Transmission Controller Protocol / Internet Protocol is a true
statement.
So the answer is OPTION A (True).
4)
The image could not be accessed / visisible, could you replace them.
5)
Aging Time :
It is the length of time a MAC address remains assigned to a port. The assignment of the MAC
address will be removed if there is no data activity within this time. If the computer.
package chapter15;
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.beans.property.DoubleProperty;
import javafx.beans.value.ChangeListener;
import javafx.beans.value.ObservableValue;
import javafx.event.EventHandler;
import javafx.geometry.Insets;
import javafx.geometry.Pos;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.control.Label;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
import javafx.scene.layout.BorderPane;
import javafx.scene.layout.Pane;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.shape.Circle;
import javafx.scene.shape.Line;
import javafx.scene.text.Font;
import javafx.scene.text.Text;
import javafx.scene.text.TextAlignment;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
/**
* Java Programming: Comprehensive (10e); Liang; Pearson 2014
*
* *15.21(Drag points) Draw a circle with three random points on the circle. Connect
* the points to form a triangle. Display the angles in the triangle. Use the mouse
* to drag a point along the perimeter of the circle. As you drag it, the triangle and
* angles are redisplayed dynamically, as shown in Figure 15.30b. For computing
* angles in a triangle, see Listing 4.1.
*
* {@code A = Math.acos((a * a - b * b - c * c) / (-2 * b * c))}
* {@code B = Math.acos((b * b - a * a - c * c) / (-2 * a * c))}
* {@code C = Math.acos((c * c - b * b - a * a) / (-2 * a * b))}
*
* @author ncoop
*/
@SuppressWarnings(\"WeakerAccess\")
public class DragPoints extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage primaryStage) {
final PointPane pane = new PointPane(640, 480);
pane.setStyle(\"-fx-background-color: wheat;\");
Label label = new Label(\"Click and drag the points.\");
BorderPane borderPane = new BorderPane(pane);
BorderPane.setAlignment(label, Pos.CENTER);
label.setPadding(new Insets(5));
borderPane.setBottom(label);
Scene scene = new Scene(borderPane);
primaryStage.setTitle(\"Exercise15_21\");
primaryStage.setScene(scene);
primaryStage.show();
}
private class PointPane extends Pane {
final Circle circle = new Circle();
final Vertex[] v = new Vertex[3];
final int strokeWidth = 2;
final Color circleStroke = Color.GRAY, legStroke = Color.BLACK;
@SuppressWarnings(\"SameParameterValue\")
PointPane(double w, double h) {
this.setPrefSize(w, h);
this.setWidth(w);
this.setHeight(h);
circle.setStroke(circleStroke);
circle.setFill(Color.TRANSPARENT);
circle.setStrokeWidth(strokeWidth);
circle.radiusProperty().bind(this.heightProperty().multiply(0.4));
circle.centerXProperty().bind(this.widthProperty().divide(2));
circle.centerYProperty().bind(this.heightProperty().divide(2));
this.getChildren().add(circle);
// create the vertices at random angles
for (int i = 0; i < v.length; i++) {
v[i] = new Vertex(circle, 2 * Math.PI / v.length * (i + Math.random()));
v[i].radiusProperty().bind(circle.radiusProperty().divide(10));
v[i].setPosition();
v[i].setStroke(new Color(i == 0 ? 1 : 0, i == 1 ? 1 : 0, i == 2 ? 1 : 0, 1));
v[i].setFill(Color.TRANSPARENT);
v[i].setStrokeWidth(strokeWidth);
this.getChildren().add(v[i]);
v[i].setOnMouseDr.
Intelligence comes from the Latin verb intellegere, which means .pdfKARTIKINDIA
Intelligence comes from the Latin verb \"intellegere\", which means \"to understand\". By this
rationale, intelligence (as understanding) is arguably different from being \"smart\" (able to adapt
to one\'s environment), or being \"clever\" (able to creatively adapt).
At least two major \"consensus\" definitions of intelligence have been proposed.
First, from Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns, a report of a task force convened by the
American Psychological Association in 1995:
Individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt
effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of
reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought. Although these individual differences can be
substantial, they are never entirely consistent: a given person
Solution
Intelligence comes from the Latin verb \"intellegere\", which means \"to understand\". By this
rationale, intelligence (as understanding) is arguably different from being \"smart\" (able to adapt
to one\'s environment), or being \"clever\" (able to creatively adapt).
At least two major \"consensus\" definitions of intelligence have been proposed.
First, from Intelligence: Knowns and Unknowns, a report of a task force convened by the
American Psychological Association in 1995:
Individuals differ from one another in their ability to understand complex ideas, to adapt
effectively to the environment, to learn from experience, to engage in various forms of
reasoning, to overcome obstacles by taking thought. Although these individual differences can be
substantial, they are never entirely consistent: a given person.
Initial compromise is the method that is adopted by intruders to ent.pdfKARTIKINDIA
Initial compromise is the method that is adopted by intruders to enter into the targetted networks.
Generally APTI\'s use spear phishing attack for this purpose.
Spear phishing is an email that appears to be from an individual or business that is well known to
us. But infact it is not. It is from some criminal hackers who want your confidential information
such as: credit card and bank account numbers, passwords, and other financial information on
your PC.
Spear phishing can be used by the attacker to target any individual by sending him a malicious
mail that contains content which relates to his recent happenings in life. This mail will appear to
the receiver as if it has come from the legitimate friend or relative of him. This might also
resemble as a mail sent by the recipient\'s boss who demands him to submit a file immediately.
Composing mails in such a way would tempt the receiver in responding before suspecting. Thus,
allowing himself to be a victim. Responding to those mails might allow some backdoors to enter
into his machine and silently monitors his financial transactions in order to capture the bank
account details, passwords etc.
According to the refered document, malicious ZIP file named
“Internal_Discussion_Press_Release_In_Next_Week8.zip” is the payload. This file contained a
malicious executable that installs a custom APT1 backdoor that we call WEBC2-TABLE
Solution
Initial compromise is the method that is adopted by intruders to enter into the targetted networks.
Generally APTI\'s use spear phishing attack for this purpose.
Spear phishing is an email that appears to be from an individual or business that is well known to
us. But infact it is not. It is from some criminal hackers who want your confidential information
such as: credit card and bank account numbers, passwords, and other financial information on
your PC.
Spear phishing can be used by the attacker to target any individual by sending him a malicious
mail that contains content which relates to his recent happenings in life. This mail will appear to
the receiver as if it has come from the legitimate friend or relative of him. This might also
resemble as a mail sent by the recipient\'s boss who demands him to submit a file immediately.
Composing mails in such a way would tempt the receiver in responding before suspecting. Thus,
allowing himself to be a victim. Responding to those mails might allow some backdoors to enter
into his machine and silently monitors his financial transactions in order to capture the bank
account details, passwords etc.
According to the refered document, malicious ZIP file named
“Internal_Discussion_Press_Release_In_Next_Week8.zip” is the payload. This file contained a
malicious executable that installs a custom APT1 backdoor that we call WEBC2-TABLE.
I agree .Ethernet nodes listen to the medium when they want to tra.pdfKARTIKINDIA
I agree .
Ethernet nodes listen to the medium when they want to transmit so that it is the only station
transmitting at that time.When stations detect a collision using CSMA protocol they cease
transmission, wait a random amount of time, and attempt to transmit again when the medium is
free.If they collide again and again indefinitely, the random delay (T) makes take place between
two stations
Solution
I agree .
Ethernet nodes listen to the medium when they want to transmit so that it is the only station
transmitting at that time.When stations detect a collision using CSMA protocol they cease
transmission, wait a random amount of time, and attempt to transmit again when the medium is
free.If they collide again and again indefinitely, the random delay (T) makes take place between
two stations.
A. 1.Virus modified exoxomes are specialized form of nano sized vesi.pdfKARTIKINDIA
A. 1.Virus modified exoxomes are specialized form of nano sized vesicles calles exosomes can
incorporate and transport functional RNA into target cells serves as attractive alternative.
2. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted from cells that participate in intercellular
communication events.
3. In cancer, exosomes have linked to tumor growth, progression and metastasis.
B. 1.On virus(EVB) exposure, infecte naive B-cells release highlly specific EVB modified
exosomes.
2. Latent membrane protein 1 is expressed on virus infected cell membrane. Which causes
proliferation programm and B cell immortalization and contribute viral spread. immune evasion.
C. 1. Specialised form of nano-sized lipid vesicles can incorporate and transport functional RNA
into target virus infected cells.
2. Most pluricellular organisms sustain exosome based communication via inter cellular
exchange of mRNA and miRNA between cells.
Solution
A. 1.Virus modified exoxomes are specialized form of nano sized vesicles calles exosomes can
incorporate and transport functional RNA into target cells serves as attractive alternative.
2. Exosomes are small vesicles secreted from cells that participate in intercellular
communication events.
3. In cancer, exosomes have linked to tumor growth, progression and metastasis.
B. 1.On virus(EVB) exposure, infecte naive B-cells release highlly specific EVB modified
exosomes.
2. Latent membrane protein 1 is expressed on virus infected cell membrane. Which causes
proliferation programm and B cell immortalization and contribute viral spread. immune evasion.
C. 1. Specialised form of nano-sized lipid vesicles can incorporate and transport functional RNA
into target virus infected cells.
2. Most pluricellular organisms sustain exosome based communication via inter cellular
exchange of mRNA and miRNA between cells..
Hi,pease find ansers for Questions1.5 Fill in the Blanksa) The.pdfKARTIKINDIA
Hi,
pease find ansers for Questions
1.5 Fill in the Blanks
a) The name \"compiler\" is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high-
level programming language to a lower level language (e.g., assembly language or machine
code). If the compiled program can run on a computer whose CPU or operating system is
different from the one on which the compiler runs, the compiler is known as a cross-compiler.
More generally, compilers are a specific type of translator.
b)A Multi-core processor implemnets multiple \"Processing Units\" on a single interated circuit
chip.
c)To execute a program, the system copies it from the external device into the internal memory.
The processor executes the program instructions.
e)Bit is smallest data item in computer
f)String are composed of chracter or Bytes
G)Data Segments
Data segment stores program data. This data could be in form of initialized or uninitialized
variables, and it could be local or global. Data segment is further divided into four sub-data
segments (initialized data segment, uninitialized or .bss data segment, stack, and heap) to store
variables depending upon if they are local or global, and initialized or uninitialized.
h) \"preprocessiong\",compiling,assembling,linking
i)Linker Linker: In high level languages, some built in header files or libraries are stored. These
libraries are predefined and these contain basic functions which are essential for executing the
program. These functions are linked to the libraries by a program called Linker. If linker does not
find a library of a function then it informs to compiler and then compiler generates an error. The
compiler automatically invokes the linker as the last step in compiling a program.
J)static Libaries and dynamically linked executable are re useable compomnets.
Solution
Hi,
pease find ansers for Questions
1.5 Fill in the Blanks
a) The name \"compiler\" is primarily used for programs that translate source code from a high-
level programming language to a lower level language (e.g., assembly language or machine
code). If the compiled program can run on a computer whose CPU or operating system is
different from the one on which the compiler runs, the compiler is known as a cross-compiler.
More generally, compilers are a specific type of translator.
b)A Multi-core processor implemnets multiple \"Processing Units\" on a single interated circuit
chip.
c)To execute a program, the system copies it from the external device into the internal memory.
The processor executes the program instructions.
e)Bit is smallest data item in computer
f)String are composed of chracter or Bytes
G)Data Segments
Data segment stores program data. This data could be in form of initialized or uninitialized
variables, and it could be local or global. Data segment is further divided into four sub-data
segments (initialized data segment, uninitialized or .bss data segment, stack, and heap) to store
variables depending upon if they are local or global, an.
(1)White matter in the cerebellumThe arbor vitae refers to the c.pdfKARTIKINDIA
(1)
White matter in the cerebellum
The arbor vitae refers to the cerebellar white matter
(2) Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord are part of central nervous system
(3) relatively larger than those in humans
The olfactory bulb is larger in a sheep brain than in the human brain.
(4) occipital lobe
primary visual cortex is located in the most posterior portion of the brain\'s occipital lobe .
Solution
(1)
White matter in the cerebellum
The arbor vitae refers to the cerebellar white matter
(2) Central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord are part of central nervous system
(3) relatively larger than those in humans
The olfactory bulb is larger in a sheep brain than in the human brain.
(4) occipital lobe
primary visual cortex is located in the most posterior portion of the brain\'s occipital lobe ..
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Digital Tools and AI for Teaching Learning and Research
The same Mechanisms of genetic exchange in bacteria 1. Conjugation .pdf
1. The same Mechanisms of genetic exchange in bacteria: 1. Conjugation 2. mechanisms occur in
archae also, though they are poorly studied.
Conjugation: The exchange or transfer of genetic material occurs from one bacterium (the donor)
to the other (the recipient) through the formation of physical contact called conjugation bridge.
Bacteria have appendages called fimbriae which form physical contact with other cells.
The donor bacteria replicates Transformation 3. Transduction
its genome, and one copy of part of the genome is transferred to the recipient through the
conjugation bridge. Depending on the type of transfer, the conjugation may be either F’ or Hfr
conjugation.
Transformation: The ability of bact. Bacteria vary in their ability to get transformed. There are
special channels in the cell membranes of bacteria to take up exogenous DNA. During this
process, one of the strands is hydrolyzed and the energy obtained is used to translocate the other
fragment of DNA eria to take up fragments of exogenous genetic material from their surrounding
solution is called transformation. The ability to get transformed is called competence. Therefore,
transformation generally occurs with double stranded DNA only. Competence can be artificially
induced in cells by cold shock or calcium chloride treatment.
Transduction: The transfer of fragments of genetic material from one bacteria cell to another
mediated by a bacteriophage is called transduction. Lysogenic phages often carry along with
them pieces of bacterial DNA also. Since phage heads can pack some what more genome than its
own, the bacteria DNA is carried by them. When they infect a new host and integrate their
genome during another cycle of lysogeny, the host now becomes partial diploid for the genes.
During excision and lytic phase, the bacterial genes may remain in the second host due to precise
excision of the virus genome. Depending on the type of genes carried and success of
transduction, it is classified as generalized transduction and specialized transduction.
Solution
The same Mechanisms of genetic exchange in bacteria: 1. Conjugation 2. mechanisms occur in
archae also, though they are poorly studied.
Conjugation: The exchange or transfer of genetic material occurs from one bacterium (the donor)
to the other (the recipient) through the formation of physical contact called conjugation bridge.
Bacteria have appendages called fimbriae which form physical contact with other cells.
The donor bacteria replicates Transformation 3. Transduction
its genome, and one copy of part of the genome is transferred to the recipient through the
2. conjugation bridge. Depending on the type of transfer, the conjugation may be either F’ or Hfr
conjugation.
Transformation: The ability of bact. Bacteria vary in their ability to get transformed. There are
special channels in the cell membranes of bacteria to take up exogenous DNA. During this
process, one of the strands is hydrolyzed and the energy obtained is used to translocate the other
fragment of DNA eria to take up fragments of exogenous genetic material from their surrounding
solution is called transformation. The ability to get transformed is called competence. Therefore,
transformation generally occurs with double stranded DNA only. Competence can be artificially
induced in cells by cold shock or calcium chloride treatment.
Transduction: The transfer of fragments of genetic material from one bacteria cell to another
mediated by a bacteriophage is called transduction. Lysogenic phages often carry along with
them pieces of bacterial DNA also. Since phage heads can pack some what more genome than its
own, the bacteria DNA is carried by them. When they infect a new host and integrate their
genome during another cycle of lysogeny, the host now becomes partial diploid for the genes.
During excision and lytic phase, the bacterial genes may remain in the second host due to precise
excision of the virus genome. Depending on the type of genes carried and success of
transduction, it is classified as generalized transduction and specialized transduction.
